scholarly journals Urban Design and Rivers: A Critical Review of Theories Devising Planning and Design Concepts to Define Riverside Urbanity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7039
Author(s):  
Laurence Pattacini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
River Corridors

In a post-industrial world one of the foci of urbanism has been on the regeneration of former industrial sites along urban rivers. This is a contemporary urban design issue that needs further attention, especially in relation to urban forms and design interventions. This paper sets out to contribute to research in design by reviewing past theories and practices in order to inform the formation of conceptual ideas. These are of importance to inform practice and ensure responsive and responsible processes in planning and design. Such a review has hitherto been lacking, but with a renewed interest in urban densification, research in the design of cities is required. Thus, this paper provides a critical assessment of theories, which are identified and categorised in relation to urban riverside regeneration. For this study, urban design is considered as a craft requiring ‘savoir faire’ to ensure the functionality and quality of urban spaces. Transferable principles and ideas are identified in relation to the specific characteristics of riverside locations contributing to the definition of a ‘riverside urbanity’. It provides a theoretical framework identifying types of riverside landscapes, including the relationship between urban forms and river corridors.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Relationship between Urban Planning and Architectural Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Xiaomin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Nowadays, the architectural design is mainly based on city planning and design, and will directly affect the city planning and design.The relationship between the two is very close. They complement each other.City planning and design should actively learn some advanced design concepts and technology from architectural design, while, architectural design should keep pace with city planning and design, so that we can promote the harmony and unity of the city maximally. Under the situation of our country’s gradually progress and development, city planning design and architecture design can work together to achieve the purpose of progress,scientifically and rationally carry out the related work of city planning and design, to improve the level and quality of life from the national fundamental. In view of this, this paper mainly analyzes the relationship between urban planning design and architectural design.

scholarly journals 31.B. Workshop: Public health and urban design: an interdisciplinary approach to promote autism friendly environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by early-onset difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. The worldwide population prevalence is about 1% with an increasing incidence and prevalence rates. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Determinants of these changes in incidence and prevalence rates may also be related to exposure to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. In spite of the uncertainty in determinants of incidence of autisms, there is evidence that environmental characteristics play a significant role both as autism risk factors and as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces. The workshop aims to provide a framework on risk factors of autism and explore the relationship with the built environment, focusing on the quality of the everyday spaces and projecting the effects that it could have in the long term on achieving a desirable level of quality of life. The 11th Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” underlines the necessity of designing policies and projects acting to enhance and promote healthy cities and communities by addressing the needs of the most vulnerable groups of inhabitants. Herewith we bring together the discipline of Public Health and Urban Design to promote an interdisciplinary debate on a little explored topic investigating how the approaches adopted during childhood to promote the wellbeing of people with ASD can be related or strengthen by focusing also on built environment design intervention to pursue and reach the same objectives even during adulthood. The workshop will consist of four presentations. The first focuses on giving an overview on current knowledge of intervention for people with autism, presenting also criteria for evidence-based interventions. The second explores the relationship between autism and built environment by providing an exhaustive framework of the available research literature in order to identify a first set of spatial requirements for autism friendly cities. The third examines the impact of built environment on ASD users with the aim of developing a specific evaluation tool for healthcare spaces and best practices formulation according to the specific sensorial hypo- or hyper-activation of people with autism. Finally, the fourth reports the results of a two years Research & Development project called “GAP REDUCE” finalized at developing an Assistive Technology tool to support people with ASD, adult and high-functioning, to plan urban itineraries towards daily destinations. Key messages World's incidence of autism is about 1% with an increasing incidence whose determining rates may also be related to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. Environmental characteristics play a significant role also as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of people with autism of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces.

scholarly journals Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Donohoe ◽  
Aoife M. Ryan ◽  
John V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cachexia is a multifactorial process of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy resulting in progressive weight loss. It is associated with poor quality of life, poor physical function, and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It involves multiple pathways: procachectic and proinflammatory signals from tumour cells, systemic inflammation in the host, and widespread metabolic changes (increased resting energy expenditure and alterations in metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate). Whether it is primarily driven by the tumour or as a result of the host response to the tumour has yet to be fully elucidated. Cachexia is compounded by anorexia and the relationship between these two entities has not been clarified fully. Inconsistencies in the definition of cachexia have limited the epidemiological characterisation of the condition and there has been slow progress in identifying therapeutic agents and trialling them in the clinical setting. Understanding the complex interplay of tumour and host factors will uncover new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Mass housing estates legacy: urban design perspectives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díez Medina ◽  
Javier Monclús
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Housing Estates

In the recent international debate about mass housing estates built during the decades of rapid urban growth after the World War II different approaches coexist. Many studies, including diagnosis about their current state, have been carried out, some of them from a social and economic standpoint; other offer architectural and historical approaches. It has only been in the last years, that urban planning and urban design perspectives have been considered in depth. In the case of Spain, some global visions complement more specific approaches, such as the ones focused on the obsolescence of dwelling typologies and urban forms. In addition to this, there are consolidated teams working on some cities, especially Madrid and Barcelona, which continue developing previous studies started some decades ago. Our starting point is that Spanish collective housing (polígonos) constitutes a huge legacy which needs accurate diagnosis. Our research has been developed from an urban design perspective, focusing on urban forms and free open spaces. The goal is to add some nuances to some excessively generic interpretations, trying to find ‘indicators’ (such as density, urban integration, diversity…) that allow a suitable evaluation of ‘each’ case, besides a qualitative approach. Although there are common factors that have led to a general loss of urban quality, it is necessary to take into account the specificities of each city, context, transformation processes, etc. In this way, future necessary interventions could provide more appropriate knowledge for the regeneration, recovery or reactivation of these estates. This paper addresses with a comparative perspective some case studies of Spanish polígonos built in Madrid, Barcelona and Zaragoza between 1950 and 1975. Contrasting the original situation at the time of their construction with their current state, the quality of the urban projects (classified in ‘Best’, ‘Good’, ‘Standard’, ‘Poor’) and the resilience or the obsolescence processes has been tested.

scholarly journals الثنائية اللغوية في تعليم اللغة العربية

ASALIBUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Qomari
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Bilingual Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Bilingualism in teaching is something to be done to make the quality of teaching more effective especially in the World Class University Like Islamic State Of University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This Article will be give information about implementation of Bilingulism in teaching. And also give information about the definition of bilingual and what kind of bilingual can be implemented especially in Arabic language teaching for the foreigner. Beside of information about the kind of the suitable bilingual in teaching language, This Article also inform how much of Arabic language acquisition when that language to be tought by bilingual method. And offcourse this give information about the relationship between the bilingual teaching language with the skills of language.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASES OF EXPERT PREVENTION: CONCEPT AND TASKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
N. Filipenko ◽  
O. Uhrovetskyi ◽  
O. Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas concerning the essence of expert prevention. The relationship between the concepts of «prevention» and «prevention», which is in contact with each other, is investigated, because one of the main problems of the criminal investigation of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and the practical application of the corresponding conceptual-categorical apparatus. It is emphasized that the essence of expert prevention is the influence of the relevant subjects on crime through the use of special professional knowledge. That is, to the subject of forensic examination, should include studies of circumstances on the basis of which can be and should be developed scientific, organizational and technical measures of preventive nature. Proven that among the tasks of preventive nature, which can be solved by the staff of judicial-expert institutions, the development of aimed at forecasting in criminalistic aspects of circumstances contributing to the commission of crimes, taking into account the possibilities of certain types of expert research, should occupy an important place. It is proved that the preventive activities of forensic institutions of Ukraine should be carried out: in the production of examinations in specific criminal, administrative or civil cases; by summarizing expert, as well as forensic investigative practices; in the process of research on expert prevention; by providing on the basis of special knowledge of scientific and practical assistance to government agencies and public organizations in identifying circumstances conducive to the commission of crimes. In order to improve the quality of expert-preventive activities, the staff of the forensic institutions of Ukraine should pay maximum attention to the promotion of preventive activities among representatives of law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. On the basis of the analysis, the author’s definition of expert prevention is given: the activity of a forensic expert based on the laws and by-laws of normative legal acts, aimed at revealing the circumstances contributing to the commission of a crime, and the development of measures for their elimination with the use of special knowledge.

scholarly journals CAPITALISING ON TRANSLATION MARKET DATA IN THE FIELD OF COMMERCIAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Edyta WIĘCŁAWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Court ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Search Criterion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The author presents data gathered in an online survey questionnaire (https://www.interankiety.pl/i/RGmj5rDv) which is a part of a broader research project related to the quality of translation of English language documents in the field of commercial law that are processed in the judicial registration proceedings in reference to the entities subject to registration at the Register of Entrepreneurs of the National Court Register (RP, KRS). The questions and hypotheses posed by the author relate to the relationship or comparison of nation-wide data concerning cases with foreign element in the context of the documents in translation on file in the National Court Register (source texts and their certified translations).The survey is the first stage of this project and has been ascribed a number of aims: allowing for a definition of the genre profile of the corpus texts; identifying the general sociologically conditioned tendencies in their structure; and – primarily – determining the practically feasible search criterion for compiling a design corpus for further quantitative and qualitative analysis of selected language structures (the ensuing stages of the said project). 

Reflections on Writing a History of Women Teachers

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Women Teachers ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Feminist History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, Kathleen Weiler reflects on the historiography of Country Schoolwomen, her recent study of women teachers in rural California. Using a broad definition of feminist research, Weiler summarizes some of the most salient issues currently under debate among feminist scholars. She raises questions about the nature of knowledge, the influence of language in the social construction of gender, and the importance of an awareness of subjectivity in the production of historical evidence. Using several cases from Country Schoolwomen, Weiler discusses the importance of considering the conditions under which testimony is given, both in terms of the dominant issues of the day — for example, the way womanliness or teaching is presented in the authoritative discourse — and the relationship between speaker and audience. She concludes that a feminist history that begins with a concern with the constructed quality of evidence moves uneasily between historical narrative and a self-conscious analysis of texts.

Suggesting theoretical urban neighborhood design concept by adopting the changing discourse of social capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa A. Alhusban ◽  
Ahmad A. Alhusban ◽  
Yamen N. AlBetawi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Urban Neighborhood ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Concepts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review, analyze and synthesize different pieces from literature to explore, define and describe the concept of social capital and its relationships with urban neighborhood design concepts. Additionally, to define the indicators and principles that can enhance social capital within urban design context. Moreover, to suggest theoretical urban neighborhood design concept that can adopt the changing discourse of social capital. Design/methodology/approach This research used the theoretical, analytical and descriptive approach-driven case study method. In all, 29 papers were analyzed to conclude the indicators that can measure social capital within the urban neighborhood design context and to conclude the required neighborhood design features and principles that influence social capital. Additionally, two new urban neighborhoods design concepts, cohousing and hybrid concepts that adopt new forms of social interaction, were studied, analyzed and then synthesized to suggest new neighborhood design concept, which is a heterotopia concept. Findings Heterotopia neighborhood concept aims to create real, different and heterogeneous functional spaces with different layers of meanings for people from different cultures in one place. Different visible enclosures are merged into spaces of otherness while the diversity gives a sense of entering another alternative place. The heterotopias neighborhood design principles aim to create a wide variety of forms, shapes and elements [different new spaces for different ritual activities to reflect the otherness self-reflection (homogeneous and scattered spaces)] and create linkage, hierarchy, contrast and mingling between spaces and places; well-defined functional effective spaces; different fantasy and leisure spaces; high standard quality of life and otherness space; flux in social realm and fluidity of spaces; mixed use and joint experience; and innovated technologies spaces to offer strange new temporalities. Research limitations/implications This research recommended that different community stakeholders should participate in planning process, neighborhood urban design and decision-making process about public spaces to strengthen the community ties and achieve a heterotopia concept. Architect, urban designers and planners should adopt bottom-up design approach when designing neighborhood. Additionally, to avoid poor social capital research studies, the new researchers, practitioners and journal reviewers approaching social capital for the first time must read widely to gain an understanding of the concept from different perspectives and narrow their scope to their particular area of interest. Practical implications This research highlights the needs for empirical studies to examine the relationships/interrelationships between all neighborhood design principles and social capital. This might increase the knowledge on how we can design and increase the quality of neighborhood to foster social capital, which might offer interesting insights into how neighborhood urban design principles are combined to foster social capital within neighborhood context. Originality/value Neighborhood-based research encourages new suggesting concepts in designing every single place in the residential neighborhood in a way that can adapt the new forms of social interaction. This research scanned the current concepts of neighborhood design that concerned successfully with the changing forms of social relationships to conclude some design features and principles for neighborhood design to ensure and promote social public health and well-being. This research offers a unique perspective for better understanding the relationships between the neighborhood urban design as a spatial dimension and social capital. This research aims to enrich the socio-spatial knowledge and build a resilient urban community by suggesting theoretical urban neighborhood design concept, which is the heterotopia concept, and providing the urban designers and architects with a valuable thinking tool to design spaces.

A Bayesian precision profile for measuring the quality of immunoassay experiments

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1874) ◽  
pp. 2301-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Predictive Inference ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
True Concentration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

A precision profile, the relationship between the concentration of a substance and its measured precision, is a convenient way of conveying the ability of an immunoassay to accurately measure the concentration of a substance in blood serum. A precision profile is characterized by the definition of precision. Historically, precision has been evaluated as the standard error of an estimator of the concentration in a sample conditional on the true concentration. In this paper, Bayesian predictive inference is used to develop a new measure of precision based on the accuracy with which an assay could infer the concentration in a hypothetical new sample. This leads to a natural procedure for evaluating a precision profile that avoids using approximations such as those inherent in traditional methods.

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