scholarly journals Mental Health and the City in the Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7533
Author(s):  
Jakub Bil ◽  
Bartłomiej Buława ◽  
Jakub Świerzawski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The City

The article describes the risks for the mental health and wellbeing of urban-dwellers in relation to changes in the spatial structure of a city that could be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A year of lockdown has changed the way of life in the city and negated its principal function as a place of various meetings and social interactions. The danger of long-term isolation and being cut-off from an urban lifestyle is not only a challenge facing individuals, but it also creates threats on various collective levels. Hindered interpersonal relations, stress, and the fear of another person lower the quality of life and may contribute to the development of mental diseases. Out of fear against coronavirus, part of the society has sought safety by moving out of the densely populated city centres. The dangerous results of these phenomena are shown by research based on the newest literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 and the lockdown on mental health, urban planning, and the long-term spatial effects of the pandemic such as the urban sprawl. The breakdown of the spatial structure, the loosening of the urban tissue, and urban sprawl are going to increase anthropopressure, inhibit access to mental health treatment, and will even further contribute to the isolation of part of the society. In addition, research has shown that urban structure loosening as a kind of distancing is not an effective method in the fight against the SARS-COV pandemic. Creating dense and effective cities through the appropriate management of development during and after the pandemic may be a key element that will facilitate the prevention of mental health deterioration and wellbeing. It is also the only possibility to achieve the selected Sustainable Development Goals, which as of today are under threat.

scholarly journals A Medieval City Within Assyrian Walls: The Continuity of the Town of Arbīl in Northern Mesopotamia

Iraq ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Karel Nováček ◽  
Narmin Ali Muhammad Amin ◽  
Miroslav Melčák
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Modern Building

This study presents a first attempt at an archaeological topography of the city of Arbīl (Arbela, Urbilum, Arbail). Arbīl's large tell and citadel are among the most famous sites in northern Iraq, although research on the site has begun only recently. The study of the immediate hinterlands of the tell, complementary use of written sources, remote sensing and surveys offer a perspective on the extremely long-term evolution of the lower town, whose architectural remains have entirely disappeared under modern building development. Despite many lacunae in the data and a predominance of indirect hypotheses, the urban structure of Assyrian Arbail becomes comprehensible in the context of other Assyrian royal capitals. During the Islamic period, the city underwent a transformation, which merged the once prosperous Sasanian provincial capital with the expanding Muslim community.

scholarly journals The Portsmouth Care Consortium

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Rod Bale
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Orientation ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
The City

The co-ordination of services for the long-term mentally ill in the community poses difficulties of organisation. Each country has its own health and social service structure which influences the development of such services. This paper outlines an approach to co-ordinating care in Portsmouth. The mental health services were well known in the ‘30s because of their community orientation due to the leadership of Thomas Beaton, the superintendent of St James' Hospital (Freeman, 1962). The city has a population of 210,000. Previous seaside holiday accommodation is now utilised for residential care homes for the elderly and the mentally ill.

scholarly journals Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Maalla M’jid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hidden Scars ◽  
Do So

Abstract More than 1 billion children are exposed to violence every year. The devastating immediate and long-term impact of violence on the mental health of children is well established. Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has magnified these challenges. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. The article argues for child protection, mental health and other core services to be prioritized during and after the pandemic. A failure to do so will undermine the international community’s ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and to fulfil its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Influence of Sentence Length on the Commission of Serious and Violent Prison Infractions by Female Inmates

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1420-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Reidy ◽  
Jon R. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Disciplinary Infractions ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Violent Acts

This study examined the relationship between sentence length and time to commission of serious and violent disciplinary infractions by female inmates divided into short (2 years or less), intermediate (2-8 years), and long-term (8 or more years) groups. Relying on the intermediate-term group as a referent, a Cox regression model demonstrated that short-term inmates were most likely, and long-term inmates least likely, to commit serious and violent infractions across monthly time intervals during the 2-year study period. All three groups exhibited a low base rate of violent behavior directed toward inmates and staff. Predictors associated with the time to commission of serious and violent acts included age, education, mental health, and custody level. Findings point to the potential for over-classification to more secure custody assignments for some inmates, particularly for long-term female prisoners. Policy, institutional, and clinical implications are discussed, including the need for specialized programming and mental health treatment.

scholarly journals New spatialities of work in the city

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110091
Author(s):  
Darja Reuschke ◽  
Carol Ekinsmyth
Keyword(s):  
Job Quality ◽  
Industrial Restructuring ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

This introduction discusses the objectives and concepts underlying the Special Issue on the new spatialities of work in the city. It highlights the urban impact of both the changing spatiotemporal working patterns and the increased diversity of workspaces that have resulted from post-industrial restructuring, globalisation, labour market flexibilisation and digitisation. Even pre-COVID-19, when the research in this Special Issue was undertaken, this impact on the urban structure and the social fabric of cities was significant, but it had remained underexplored. Here, therefore, we question models of work and commuting that continue to assume the spatially ‘fixed’ workplace, and explore how new understandings of workspace and multi-locality, developed in this Special Issue, can inform future research. This, we argue, is more important than ever as we come to understand the medium- and long-term impacts of pandemic-altered work practices in cities. We further argue that the spatialities of work need to be connected with research on health, job quality and wellbeing in cities – such as, for example, on the risks that COVID-19 has exposed for driving and mobile work.

scholarly journals Influence Of Advertisments On Changes In The Urban Structure Of Cites On The Example Of Poznan

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Bonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
The City ◽  
Potential Customers

Abstract The article presents the results of studies on the influence of outdoor advertisements on the activation of selected areas in the spatial structure of the city of Poznań. The contents of advertisements were analyzed in terms of the places which advertisements placed on signs, billboards and advertising displays located in public spaces direct us to. The results of studies indicated that the majority of advertisements located in the city center of Poznań promote suburban locations, encouraging its inhabitants to make use of trade and services outside of the strict city center. At the same time, it was indicated that outside advertisements due to the content of the advertising message are a factor degrading the city center, directing potential customers away into the suburbs. In practice, it was noted that the phenomenon significantly decreases the effectiveness of actions directed towards revitalizing the city center and the urban activation of this region.

scholarly journals 836. Significant Elevations in CD4+ Count, Post-treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) with Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs), in Human Immune Deficiency, HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients with Prolonged CD4+ lymphocytopenia, despite undetectable HIV RNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S510-S510
Author(s):  
Ryan Kuhn ◽  
Carolyn Green ◽  
Suganthini Krishnan Natesan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Therapy Regimen

Abstract Background Introduction of DAAs has revolutionized HCV therapy. Treatment of HIV/HCV co-infected patients is challenging and HCV treatment data on this group of patients are limited. Aim: To review pre-and post-DAA treatment parameters, identify measures to improve recruitment and improve quality of care in co-infected veterans. A QC/QI project. Methods A retrospective chart review of HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated for HCV with DAA at Detroit VAMC was performed. All patients were on anti-retroviral treatment for HIV with undetectable viral loads. Pre-and post-DAA treatment parameters were compared in patients who completed 12 weeks of treatment. Drug interactions, SVR, CD4+ counts AST, ALT, albumin, INR, platelets, creatinine, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), HCV RNA, and FIB-4 score were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. Results Out of 46 patients, 4 died and 20 were ineligible due to non-compliance, mental illness, or drug use; 22 eligible patients, who had well controlled HIV, received DAAs for 12 weeks. (Genotype was 1a in 14, 1b in 7 and 2b in 1 patient). Compliance rate was 100%, 21 patients were HCV treatment naïve, 1 treated with interferon in the past) and all 22 patients achieved SVR by 12 weeks (in 2 weeks), including patients (n=12) on long term opioids and/or mental health treatment. Among 10/24 patients who showed a significant increase in CD4+ (range > 100 to 400 within 6 months), 8 were cirrhotic and had received DAA + RIB therapy. HIV therapy regimen change to alafenamide combination was required in 7/22 patients, for renal dysfunction. There were decreases in AST/ALT, but no changes in FIB-4 score, platelets, albumin, creatinine, or AFP were noted. Conclusion HIV/HCV Co-infected patients who received DAA + RIB had a significant increase in CD4+ lymphocyte counts (p< 0.05) (unlike interferon-based regimen). Chronic opioid use and mental health treatment were not a hindrance to successful therapy. The clinical impact of our findings on long-term complications including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV remain to be seen. Recognition of positive predictive markers will delineate the cohort of co-infected veterans who would benefit from DAA therapy beyond HCV eradication. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals California Wildfire Exposure, Vulnerability, and Mental Health: Who gets to recover and who does not?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassan Bin Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Flexible Infrastructure

One of the various aftereffects of persistent climate change is an upsurge in the frequency, severity, and effect of wildfires on the wellbeing of suffering communities. The destruction and wreckage of one's home, properties, and the surrounding neighborhood, as well as the threat to one's psychological safety and the safety of loved ones, can have long-term effects on survivors' mental health. The central goal of this study, therefore, is threefold. Firstly, identify the significant qualitative and quantitative studies that examine the impacts of wildfire on mental health. This study mainly focuses on studies that capture the effects of wildfire, smoke, and air quality in California and how that affected the local communities based on their vulnerability determinants. Secondly, the study examines both types of studies to find common grounds regarding the most vulnerable population and their mental health, their ability to seek professional help, and barriers to the road to recovery. Finally, this study provides evidence-based strategies for including more vulnerable members of society in receiving sufficient and timely psychological care to recover from PTSD, trauma, distress, and hopelessness. Migrant farmworkers, particularly younger female Hispanic and indigenous workers, suffer from the wildfire's long-term stress, PTSD, depression, and emotional distress. Furthermore, the continued COVID-19 deepens the gap, social stigma, and barriers to receiving sufficient mental health care to recover and rehabilitate traumatic wildfire exposure. A localized mental healthcare support system based on equity, with flexible infrastructure and greater accessibility, promises to be more efficient and advantageous for underrepresented and vulnerable individuals seeking mental health treatment and quick recovery.

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