scholarly journals Environmental and Climate Challenges to Agriculture in Poland in the Context of Objectives Adopted in the European Green Deal Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10318
Author(s):  
Konrad Prandecki ◽  
Wioletta Wrzaszcz ◽  
Marek Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

The European Green Deal strategy, prepared in 2019, involves a number of challenges for European agriculture. These challenges are broadly linked to a need for agriculture to undertake actions in order to improve environmental and climate protection, which will require changes in agricultural practices and the currently observed industrialization processes of agriculture that are destabilizing ecosystems and climate. In view of the diversity of agriculture and its impacts on the environment, it is important to identify the challenges faced by the EU Member States. The aim of this paper is to identify the main environmental and climate challenges that agriculture in Poland will have to face due to the current European Green Deal strategy and its objectives, taking into account the organizational changes in this sector so far and the existing forms of environmental protection in rural areas. The paper is based on empirical data from the Farm Structure Survey conducted by Statistics Poland in 2005, 2007 and 2016, data on greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural origin gathered by the National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE), data from the European Commission, the General Directorate for Environmental Protection and the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute concerning the delimitation of the Natura 2000 areas in Poland and the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics—National Research Institute on three national variants of High Nature Value Farmland areas delimited for the needs of the European Commission, as well as data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development regarding the delimitation of the less favoured areas with high natural value. In addition, a literature review was conducted indicating the links between agriculture, the environment and climate. The results of the study illustrate the state of Polish agriculture and the changes in this sector in the context of environmental and climate challenges. The results also identify the most difficult areas that will require practical solutions in the future to implement the European Green Deal strategy in Poland. The findings will provide an important basis for policy makers in terms of effective support of agriculture and for the scientific community with regard to agricultural research, which should be particularly developed in order to be able to adapt the agricultural sector to new challenges.

scholarly journals The conservation objectives of the Natura 2000 area in the light of law and case law

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Adam Habuda
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
European Commission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
European Network ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Court Of Justice

The article discusses the issue of conservation objectives of the Natura 2000 area. The basis for their analysis is the Habitats Directive and the Polish Act on Nature Conservation together with plans of conservation tasks. It is a key legal instrument for the proper management of the Natura 2000 area and the European network of Natura 2000 sites. Its importance is recognized in the legal interpretations made by the Court of Justice and non-binding documents of the European Commission. However, the question should be asked whether such an important, and indeed fundamental for Natura 2000, institution should not be clearer and more precisely regulated by the European legislator. Lack of unambiguous norms of the directive may cause discrepancies in defining the objectives of Natura 2000 protection both at the level of various EU Member States and at the national level – in relation to individual Natura 2000 areas in a given country.

The regional economy of Central Macedonia: an application of the social accounting matrix

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthia Maniati ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Dimitrios Psaltopoulos ◽  
Konstadinos Mattas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States

PurposeThe economic and social problems, including high unemployment, facing the Greek economy in recent years are substantial. The role of the agri-food sector and agriculture in dealing with unemployment is a concern. To support the agricultural economy, a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2007–2014 was adopted and implemented in the EU Member States. However, boosting employment, in the industry itself and indirectly in the economy, has almost never been a key goal of any policy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the CAP 2014–2020 in maintaining and enhancing employment and income distribution in the region of Central Macedonia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the regional social accounting matrix (SAM), which examines the depiction of the interconnections between the sectors of economic activity and local economy (households, businesses, public) but also interconnections and transactions with the rest of the world. The SAM presents a more complete picture of the economic figures of the region, evaluating the interconnections of cross-sectoral relations and the implemented policies, both in the production sectors and in the regional society.FindingsFor the Central Macedonia region, the agricultural sector is a key player, holding a regulatory role for regional economic viability, and shows marked connections with the other industry branches of the region.Originality/valueThe new CAP 2014–2020 through Pillar 2–Rural Development may reinforce the new role of the industry in terms of the environment, integrated rural development and social structure of rural areas, ensuring coherence.

scholarly journals Agroecological Statistics: Problems of Formation and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
A. D. Dumnov ◽  
V. N. Vasil’eva ◽  
A. E. Kharitonova ◽  
A. P. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Development Goals

This article is a journal version of a brief description of the study of the problems of the formation and implementation in practice of a system of indicators of agroecological statistics, initiated and organized by the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS Statcommittee) in 2019. The study analyzed and used many international as well as national methodological, organizational and technical materials. The authors considered a set of specific indicators, the data on which have been collected, compiled and published for several years in the Eurostat system and under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2015. In this regard, the authors of the article proposed and thoroughly substantiated their interpretation of the field of agroecology (and the corresponding system of indicators) as agricultural activity and the use of rural areas, carried out in the closest connection with the complex requirements of environmental protection, including rationalization of nature management, within the agricultural sector itself and on rural territories, taking into account some related («border») aspects.Based on this approach, based on the foreign documentation and domestic developments, an Integrated Table of Agroecological Indicators was formed, containing 18 sections and including a total of 255 indicators (with organizational and methodological explanations for these indicators). Moreover, the article provides a brief description of each section. In addition, the issues of linking the proposed Integrated Table with the UN Sustainable Development Goals Indicators (SDGs) were considered separately and in sufficient detail.In parallel with the above-described aspects, some problems were revealed that needed to be solved before the practical implementation of agroecological statistics in the CIS countries in general and in the Russian Federation in particular. This applies, for example, to issues such as clarification and updating of classifiers reflecting environmental protection and nature conservation activities concerning agricultural production and rural territories; the correct statistical reflection of the output of organic products in agriculture, as well as the cultivation of crop materials for processing on biofuels (based on the tenets of agroecology)юThe article covers issues of so-called ecosystem accounting in the framework of the system of national accounts and the auxiliary System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. Specific aspects of these problems were described in detail and some suggestions were made to address them. 

scholarly journals Development of rural economy: Еuropean priorities for transition economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Tarasovych
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The study substantiates the fact that the need to consolidate various approaches to the establishment and development of the rural economy in different countries is increasing, which is explained by the growing degree of transparency of national economies, intensified cooperation between them and the creation of interstate economic entities. In this context, there is a direct correlation between the globalization of the economy and the convergence of rural development policy, which is based on the mechanism of inclusive rural transformation. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the special features of the development of the rural economy as an objective process of market transformation and outline the benefits of the European experience for transition economies. It was substantiated that radical structural and institutional transformations in socioeconomic systems (both sectoral and territorial) were the impetus for the development of the rural economy as a modern phenomenon in the field of scientific knowledge around the world. First of all, this refers to the countries where the agricultural sector predominates in the development of GDP, and there is also a significant share of the rural population in relation to the urban population. It was proved that rural areas require a separate policy and mechanisms to manage their development, develop an appropriate institutional platform for the functioning of the rural economy and rural business, ensure proper living conditions for rural residents, preserve the environment, rural flair as well as cultural and historical heritage. The specific features of inclusive rural transformation in different groups of countries (with transition, agricultural, and urban economies) are highlighted, which reflects the process of increasing rural productivity, expanding employment opportunities, improving access to services and infrastructure, enabling policy influence, etc. It was theoretically proved that the effectiveness of market levers determines intersectoral cooperation and the level of economic development of the country (including the territorial division – urban and rural areas). It was established that the implementation of a successful economic policy on the transition to market principles in some countries, particularly EU member states, and their recognition as leaders of economic growth is accompanied by targeted government support and active innovation-oriented government policy with prudent use of various institutional regulators. The necessity and advantages of using the European experience of rural economy development for the countries with transition economies are proved

scholarly journals Is an alternative to private property durable in agriculture?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Catherine Macombe
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
New Farmers

The desire for sustainability calls for new development paths for the agricultural sector. Some suggest creating small to medium size farms, performing agricultural practices that preserve ecosystems, are labour intensive and connected to local markets. New farmers are a necessity in many rural areas, yetthe main obstacle to the settlement of newcomers is access to land. This research suggests an alternative to private property of land, such as experienced by the Foncière Solidaire created by the association «Terre de Liens» in France, which collectively buys land (13,500 shareholders, end of 2019) to lease themto new farmers under long-term basis. The research question is therefore: "Is this alternative to private property of land durable?" Here, durability means the permanence of farms, despite the on-going upheavals. We suggest that the values are the key, and that values leading to everlastingness describe aconception of Justice. To identify whether or not the values describe a conception of Justice in practice, the discourses should be consistent with the six axioms of the Grammar of Justice by Boltanski and Thévenot (1991) when implemented to a Local Common Good (Thévenot, 1993). The whole movement cannot last without the association Terre de Liens being permanent itself. We will highlight that the discourse(official communication) of the Terre de Liens association calls on Justice, being consistent with the six axioms. We  also underpin that the main challenges are the evolution of regulations, and especially the European laws and French annual financial laws, which set the rules for fiscal exonerations and drive agricultural practices. Whatever these evolutions, it is likely that the association would achieve permanence because of the high number of actors (communes searching for farmers, applicants to taking or transferring farms, donors, shareholders) who are federated around its "Fair" raison d'être. Yes, there is a potential for durable alternative to land private property in agriculture.

scholarly journals Development of rural areas in Ukraine through the prism of experience of developed countries: ecological and social aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
N. Palapa ◽  
M. Toniuk ◽  
O. Nagorniuk ◽  
H. Hutsol
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

The peculiarities of rural development of developed countries are studied and it is established that the governments of developed economies, in particular USA, Canada, China, EU countries, Japan, seek to create effective mechanisms for sustainable (ecologically balanced) rural development, promote rural national traditions, change the quality of thinking and the way of life of the rural population. The main problems of rural development of Ukraine in terms of social and environmental aspects are highlighted. Although the problem of land degradation remains relevant, there is no effective mechanism to address it, including through a subsidy program that would address the national code of sustainable agricultural practices. The solution of these problems necessitates the development of a radically different approach to substantiate the provisions of agricultural policy of the state in terms of increasing the profitability of business entities in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the sustainability of socio-ecological and economic development of rural areas. residents of rural areas. The directions of improvement of development of rural territories in Ukraine, taking into account ecological and social aspects of experience of the developed countries are revealed.

scholarly journals SUPPORTING IMMIGRATION FOR AN ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Constantin Stefan Ponea
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labour Immigration

Given the amplitude of migration in Europe and its potential to encourage or hinder the agricultural development, the general objective of this paper is to assess this possible potential on the long term, within a sustainable development frame of reference. Along these lines, we have built up several scenarios that focus on the agricultural results attained by ten EU Member States mainly targeted by immigrants, throughout the 2020-2025 period (sustainable development extrapolation). We have elaborated a set of indicators and within a panel in order to implement the spatial analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM), as methodological endeavour. The results obtained, verified by testing four hypotheses, show that a positive tendency in terms of increased government agri-innovation support is revealed on the long run, through the economic (labour) migration. Our findings outline that conclusive results of labour immigration could reverse generating unbalances in the agricultural sector. Thus, the need to develop accurate tailored policies is more than necessary by acknowledging the complex problems of the rural areas and those of international migration, as well as the major discrepancies among countries and stronger socio-economic interconnections. 

scholarly journals Ułomności statystyki motoryzacji w Polsce i ich konsekwencje dla badań geograficznych = Shortcomings of Poland’s motorisation statistics, and their implications for geographical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Kołsut ◽  
Jędrzej Gadziński ◽  
Tadeusz Stryjakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
On The Road ◽  
High Level

Reports from the European Commission (e.g. European Commission, 2018) show a relatively high level of motorisation in Poland (leaving the country ranked 6th among EU Member States). The number of cars per 1000 inhabitants is higher here than in any other of the formerly-communist countries acceding to the EU in or after 2004. Unfortunately, however, this situation inter alia reflects twisted statistics on motorisation that do not therefore offer a full or proper reflection of the real situation on the Polish car market. This article has devoted itself to the analysis of shortcomings characterising three groups of motorisation statistics relating to: 1. the cars known as “dead souls” (end-of-life vehicles) – whose numbers are overstated (by perhaps 6 million cars – or 26% of the entire total), given the retention on the register of those that have not been on the road for a long time, 2. “cars with a grille” – part of a Poland-specific phenomenon that results in understatement of numbers of cars and overstatement of numbers of goods vehicles (to the tune of perhaps 750,000), given people’s efforts to ensure that personal cars are approved for registration as commercial vehicles, 3. company cars, given overstatement (equal to perhaps 1.5 million) of numbers of vehicles in cities due to the presence of leasing companies and large enterprises operating company cars. The spatial distribution across the country of cars in the above–mentioned groups is very uneven and does much to influence spatial patterns relating to Poland’s motorisation rate (s). Overall, motorisation is much overestimated in large cities (e.g. Warsaw, Poznań, Katowice and Wrocław), while being underestimated in rural areas (especially in SE Poland). A crucial achievement of our analysis involves correction of official European statistics in this regard. The discrepancies characterising the statistics have the clear spatial distribution presented in Fig. 6. In its last section, this article then attempts to determine the consequences of such twisting of the motorisation statistics where both geographical research and decision-making are concerned.

Новые пчелоопыляемые гибриды огурца корнишонного типа

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I. Mokryanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

Дана характеристика основным хозяйственно ценным признакам и свойствам трех новых перспективных пчелоопыляемых гибридов универсального назначения Королек, Сверчок и Вьюрок, созданных в Приднестровском НИИ сельского хозяйства. Полученные гибриды сочетают в себе комплекс признаков лучших отечественных и зарубежных сортообразцов.There was given a characteristic of the basic economic-valuable features and properties of three new promising hybrids pollinated by bees of multi-purpose Corolek, Cricket and Reel, created in the Transnistrian agricultural research Institute. The received hybrids combine a set of features of the best domestic and foreign varieties.

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