scholarly journals Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues: Bioprocessing of Animal Fats to Reduce Their Acidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10837
Author(s):  
António A. Martins ◽  
Soraia Andrade ◽  
Daniela Correia ◽  
Elisabete Matos ◽  
Nídia S. Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
By Products

Adding value to agro-industrial residues is becoming increasingly important, satisfying needs to promote resources’ use efficiency and a more sustainable and circular economy. This work performs a parametric and kinetic study of enzymatic esterification of lard and tallow with high acidity, obtained by the rendering of slaughter by-products, allowing their use as a feed ingredient and increasing their market value. After an initial analysis of potential enzyme candidates, a Candida antarctica lipase B was selected as a biocatalyst for converting free fatty acids (FFA) to esters, using excess ethanol as the reagent. Results show that the fat acidity can be reduced by at least 67% in up to 3 h of reaction time at 45 °C, using the mass ratios of 3.25 ethanol/FFA and 0.0060 enzyme/fat. Kinetic modelling shows an irreversible second-order rate law, function of FFA, and ethanol concentration better fitting the experimental results. Activation energy is 54.7 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor is 4.6 × 106 L mol−1 min−1.

scholarly journals Optimization of banana crop by-products solvent extraction for the production of bioactive compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Díaz ◽  
Antonio N. Benítez ◽  
Sara Ramírez-Bolaños ◽  
Lidia Robaina ◽  
Zaida Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Banana Crops

AbstractThe aim of this work is the optimization of phenolic compound extraction from three by-products of banana crops (rachis, discarded banana, and banana’s pseudostem pulp), as a way to valorize them through a green extraction process. The influence of the temperature and aqueous ethanol concentration (Et-OH) on extract properties (total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity) was firstly analyzed. 78 ℃ and ethanol concentrations close to 50% yielded the best results for the three materials. The equations obtained by the response surface methodology gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data, allowing optimizing the extraction conditions. Under optimized conditions, time influence was then assessed, although this parameter seemed not influence results. Among the three by-products, rachis extract (60% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 30 min) presented the highest TPC (796 mg gallic acid/100 g of dried material) and antioxidant activity (6.51 mg Trolox equivalents/g of dried material), followed by discarded banana, and pseudostem pulp. Under the optimal conditions, experiments were performed at a larger scale, allowing to determine the extraction yields (EY) and to characterize the extracts. The highest EY was obtained for the rachis (26%), but the extract with the highest activity was obtained for discarded banana (50% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 60 min), which presented a TPC of 27.26 mg/g extract corresponding to 54.59 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract. This study contributes to the valorization of banana crops residues as a source of polyphenolic compounds with bioactive functions that can be extracted under economic extraction conditions. Graphical abstract

The effects of steam treated sugarcane pith as a feed ingredient on performance of lactating dairy goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Morteza Chaji ◽  
AbbasAli Naserian ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Ferydon Eftekhari Shahroodi ◽  
Omid Hashami
Keyword(s):  
Slow Rate ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
By Products

Sugarcane bagasse and pith, by-product which the residue after rind removal, are highly lignified by products of the sugar and paper industries, are the most abundant by-product in Iran. The use of by-product in animal nutrition is necessity since it may increase the availability of feed for animal and avoid accumulation that contributes to environmental problems. The main nutritional constraints for these crop residues as animal feeds are their slow rate of digestion and low nitrogen content (Liu et al., 2000). Steam-pressure treatment cleavage the bounds between lignin and the other component of the cell wall, in order to improve it’s degradability by enzymes of the rumen microbial ecosystem. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary steam treated pith content on feed intake, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy saanen goats.

Growth, Yield and Quality of Cotton under Three Water Regimes in the Sudan

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe effects of three irrigation regimes on growth, yield and quality of cotton were investigated for two seasons in relation to earliness, quality and water-use efficiency, expressed as m. of water/kg. cotton produced. Light irrigations of cotton, at 75 mm. per irrigation every ten days, were economically better than the traditionally-accepted practice of irrigating every 14 days, and markedly better than prolonging the irrigation cycle to 20 days, mainly due to increased market value of the crop. The results also showed that irrigation intervals of 20 days, besides depressing yield, had a deleterious effect on fibre strength, though the different water regimes did not seem to affect other quality tests.

Economic and environmental analysis of animal fats acidity reduction by enzymatic esterification

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Mata ◽  
Fábio Pinto ◽  
Nídia Caetano ◽  
António A. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Acidity Reduction

Kinetic modelling of mancozeb hydrolysis and photolysis to ethylenethiourea and other by-products in water

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalla López-Fernández ◽  
Remedios Yáñez ◽  
Raquel Rial-Otero ◽  
Jesús Simal-Gándara
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Cassava-Based Diets Increase Live Weight Gain of Cross Bred Bulls in Small Fattening Systems in Malang, East Java

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Deni Setiadi ◽  
Kasmiati Kasmiati ◽  
Abu Z. Zakariya ◽  
Karen Harper ◽  
Dennis Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
By Products ◽  
Feeding Systems

Traditional farmers usually use local feed ingredient based on cheapest ingredients without considering the importance of feed conversion ratio to maximise cattle growth. The experiment was conducted to determine the growth of crossbred bulls fed on a cassava by-product based diet and a local concentrate. Fifty cross bred bulls aged 1.5–2 years were used in this study. The bulls were divided into five groups and offered 1% and 2% local concentrate (T1 and T2), 1% and 2% cassava-based diet (T3 and T4) and the current feeding system (CFS) by farmers (T0) as the control. Local concentrate was bought from Blitar while cassava-based diets contained 50% cassava, 25% copra meal and 25% palm kernel cake. No interventions were made to the CFS, however, some farmers in T0 used local forages and agricultural by-products such as rice bran and pollard bran as a feed, and adopted the supplementation of local concentrates as used by T1 and T2 farmers. The average daily gain were 1.13 kg/head/day (T0), 1.09 kg/head/day (T1), 1.38 kg/head/day (T2), 0.8 kg/head/day (T3) and 1.23 kg/head/day (T4). The study found that local concentrates promoted high average daily gain and that traditional feeding systems (CFS) performed well when farmers saw other farmers feeding better diets.

scholarly journals Acidity reduction in animal fats by enzymatic esterification: economic and environmental analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
António A. Martins ◽  
Fábio Pinto ◽  
Nídia S. Caetano ◽  
Teresa M. Mata
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Acidity Reduction

scholarly journals Transfer of Ethanol and Aroma Compounds by Varying Specific Process Parameters in the Thermal Dealcoholisation of Beer

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Magdalena Müller ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Martina Gastl
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Rectification Column ◽  
Condenser Temperature ◽  
By Products

Dealcoholisation of beer has gained prominence over the last decade. A well-known procedure involves the combination of a rectification column for thermal dealcoholisation and a downstream column for aroma recovery. However, the recovery of valuable fermentation by-products is rarely performed due to limited data about the enrichment and depletion of ethanol and aromatic compounds. The influence of operating conditions on the transfer of ethanol and aroma compounds to the recovery fluid, henceforth, ‘aromawater’, has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this study involved examining how ethanol concentration and aroma compounds in the aromawater are affected by the condenser temperature and reflux rate during thermal dealcoholisation. The aim was to obtain an aromawater having a maximum level of valuable aroma substances and a minimum level of ethanol for re-blending with non-alcoholic beer, hypothetically causing aroma intensification. An industrial system was used for sample production. Ethanol as well as higher alcohols and ester concentrations were analysed in the different material flows, and mass balances were thus compiled. Sensory analysis was performed to evaluate the beer aroma’s intensification as a sustainable industrial application. The obtained results indicate that increased condenser temperature was associated with increased aroma concentrations in the aromawater. If the temperature of the condenser’s coolant exceeded 15 °C, dealcoholisation < 0.05% abv could not be guaranteed. A higher reflux rate led to higher concentrations of fermentation by-products in the aromawater. Finally, the aroma profile of three non-alcoholic beers (0.0% abv, 0.5% abv after blending with original beer, and 0.5% abv after blending with aromawater) were evaluated. By blending, the attributes ‘estery’ and ‘flowery’ were assessed as dominant. The effect was more pronounced with aromawater than with the original beer.

scholarly journals Valorization of Cereal By-Products from the Milling Industry as a Source of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds to Boost Resource-Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Rossana V. C. Cardoso ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
José Pinela ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Bran Extract ◽  
Nutritional Constituents ◽  
By Products

Cereal by-products (wheat germ, maize bran–germ mixture, rye bran, and wheat bran) from the flour milling industry were characterized for their nutritional value and chemical composition, as well as for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Carbohydrates (including sucrose) were the major nutritional constituents (56.35–78.12 g/100 g dw), followed by proteins (11.2–30.0 g/100 g dw). The higher energy value (432.3 kcal/100 g dw) was presented by the wheat germ. This by-product also presented the highest citric acid content (0.857 g/100 g dw), the most abundant organic acid detected. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in all samples given the high content of linoleic (53.9–57.1%) and oleic (13.4–29.0%) acids. Wheat germ had the highest levels of tocopherols (22.8 mg/100 g dw) and phenolic compounds (5.7 mg/g extract, with a high apigenin-C-pentoside-C-hexoside content). In turn, while the wheat bran extract was particularly effective in inhibiting the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the rye bran extract was the only sample capable of protecting erythrocytes from oxidative hemolysis. Regarding antibacterial properties, in general, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These results highlight the characterized by-products as sustainable ingredients for the development of novel bakery and functional food products and contribute to a better bioresource-use efficiency and circularity.

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