scholarly journals Current State and Development of Green Bonds Market in the Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10872
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Mejía-Escobar ◽  
Juan David González-Ruiz ◽  
Giovanni Franco-Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Main Factors

The green bonds market has had a growth in recent years within its different sectors and regions. Specifically, up to 2020, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has issued USD 26 billion. Some authors have studied the factors influencing financing through green bonds. However, a research gap is identified in the analysis of the regions that contribute to the issuance of this type of bond, specifically for LAC. This is the first study to examine the variables such as issue amount, number and type of issuers, currency, and maturity data in the region using a dataset of issuing performed between 2014–2020. We find the typical sizes of the issues, the search for a premium in the issue, the perception of complexity, the issuance of guides, and tax incentives as the main factors affecting this market. Finally, the study presents the potential for further research.

scholarly journals Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: II. Factors Affecting Regeneration in First-cut Strips

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Jeglum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Upper Slope

In a two-cut, alternate strip clearcutting system in upland black spruce, the main factors influencing black spruce regeneration in the first-cut strips were strip width, natural seeding period, amount of receptive seedbed and topographic position. In the three study areas, 80-m strips yielded over 60% stocking and over 7 500 seedlings per hectare with a 4-year natural seeding period. Narrower strips 40 m and 20 m wide showed increasing levels of reproduction. Four years of natural seeding gave better natural regeneration than two years. Seedling density and frequency in quadrats were correlated with the amount of receptive seedbed. Regeneration was more abundant on drainageways and lower slopes, and less abundant on upper slope and crest sites. For successful regeneration under similar climatic and physiographic conditions, strip widths should be no more than 80 m, and leave times no less than 3 years. It is essential to scarify the upland mineral soil sites, but scarification of lowland sites is not recommended, especially where there is abundant Sphagnum.

Analysis on Factors Influencing and Numerical Simulation of Hot Stamping Mold Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stamping Die ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Performance

Cooling system is an important component of hot stamping dies, directly affects the quality and performance of the product. This article studies the work of hot stamping die process variation in temperature and heat transfer methods, analyzes the main factors affecting the cooling effect, and the use of numerical simulation of the flow of cooling water to simulate the state, and proposed rationalization proposals.

Better pensions, better jobs: status and alternatives toward universal pension coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGEL MELGUIZO ◽  
MARIANO BOSCH ◽  
CARMEN PAGES
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Pension Coverage ◽  
Fiscal Space

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the current state of labor markets and pension coverage in a wide sample of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and proposes a series of possible avenues toward universal coverage, not only as an instrument to fight poverty during old age, but also as part of an agenda for increasing formal employment and productivity growth. We conclude that despite perspectives of low economic growth and reduced fiscal space, the region is going through intense demographic and socio-economic changes, which increase the demand for better jobs and provide a real opportunity for initiating the bold reforms in pensions, labor, and taxes needed to achieve universal coverage.

Some Factors Affecting the Mineral Profiles of Tropical Grasses

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mineral Levels

While grass may suffice to meet the nutritional needs of grazing ruminants in terms of carbohydrate and protein, they may not necessarily provide the minimal levels of minerals necessary to maintain health. Since, with the exception of salt, it is unusual to provide supplementary minerals it is necessary to ensure that the grazed grass is so managed that mineral levels are adequate. This article reviews the various factors that influence the mineral profiles of tropical grasses in the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNDER REFORM AND WORLD INTEGRATION AND THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Canh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Son Hung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose of this paper was to give an overview of economic development under reform and world integration and to evaluate the main factors influencing the growth of the Vietnamese economy during the reform period (1990-2009). Based on statistical data on the Vietnamese economy in the period of 1990-2009, this study analyzed the factors affecting economic growth. The policy changes, economic development, poverty rates and living standards of Vietnamese population are analyzed over the reform period using qualitative methods. The results of this study show that economic growth under reform and world integration has reduced the poverty rate and increased living standards of population in Vietnam. An evaluation of the factors influencing economic growth is made using a quantitative model of total factor productivity (TFP) and another econometric model. The findings from this quantitative analysis show that the growth of the Vietnamese economy was determined by two factors: (1) capital investments, including foreign direct investment (FDI) and (2) the growth of exports. The results of these qualitative and quantitative analyses lay the foundation for policy recommendations for Vietnam Government to develop economy in the future.

scholarly journals Econometric Assessment of Factors Affecting the Development of Life Insurance in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1123-1138
Author(s):  
Dinora Alisherovna Baratova
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Life Insurance Company ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Econometric Assessment

This article presents an econometric assessment of the role of the insurance industry in the economy of Uzbekistan and the factors influencing the development of life insurance. It also covers the scientific theoretical research of scientists studying the economics of insurance. In addition, the development of accumulative life insurance in Uzbekistan was econometrically analyzed and Uzbekinvest Life Insurance Company was selected as a sample from the package. The econometric analysis of the development of insurance activities of the insurance company "Uzbekinvest Life" identifies the main factors influencing its development. Factors influencing the development of Uzbekinvest Life insurance company through econometric models were assessed. In addition, proposals were made for the development of funded life insurance in Uzbekistan.

Informal Investment for Entrepreneurs in Latin America and the Caribbean

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Alicia Coduras ◽  
Ignacio De la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Informal Investment ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Business ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Angel Investment

The authors provide a broad view of the field of informal investment in the region, emphasizing the importance of separating the contribution of this sector from that provided by other channels of financing of entrepreneurship such as angel investment and venture capital. After framing the issue and reviewing the most relevant academic literature, the authors discuss the existing relationship between the current state of informal investment in the area and the size of the informal sector in economies that constitute the sector. They also show the magnitude of informal investment and its impact on the creation of new business activities, identifying the most salient features of the process, as well as their strong and weak points, and a deep reflection on the elements that would have to work to make progress in the modernization of this sector.

The Factors Affecting Multimedia-Based Inquiry

2009 ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Margus Pedaste ◽  
Tago Sarapuu
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Main Factors

The general aim of the present chapter is to focus on the factors influencing simulation-based computersupported inquiry learning in small groups. The authors will give an overview of research that describes different factors influencing inquiry learning and problem solving and will add a dimension of collaborative web-based inquiry from their studies. The evidence from relevant scientific literature as well as the empirical results collected by the authors form the basis for discussion about designing an effective learning environment through a viewpoint of different end-users of our results – especially teachers and software designers. As a result, three additional main factors have been found that should be taken into account in designing support systems for problem solving: i) the level of difficulty of problems, ii) the appropriate sequence of problems, and iii) the characteristics of learners’ groups.

Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing Quality Innovation Capability in Manufacturing Enterprises

2013 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Wei Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Through the research on the connotation of quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises, 22 factors influencing the quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises have been screened out. Based on this, the application of interpretative structural modeling (ISM) has determined the relationship between these factors, establishing the multilevel hierarchical structure model of the main factors affecting the quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises, and analyzing the relationships between the five levels of the model and the different roles of each factor that the quality innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises innovation system plays. The results have practical significance for manufacturing enterprises to enhance the quality of innovation capability.

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