scholarly journals Training Conditions and Emotional Impact on Spanish Olympic Swimmers and Rowers in Social Isolation due to COVID-19. Results of a Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11148
Author(s):  
David Moscoso-Sánchez ◽  
David Alarcón-Rubio ◽  
Manuel Trujillo-Carmona ◽  
José Carlos Jaenes-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Training Habits ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

This article analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2020 with Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers, who were confined to their homes due to the epidemiological crisis. The questionnaire was administered between 23 April and 25 May. Responses to the questionnaire on emotional and adaptive reactions during the COVID-19 confinement (REACOVID-19) were received from 88 subjects, who represented 100% of the total population of Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers. Through this questionnaire, they were asked about their living conditions, their daily training habits and their psychological, cognitive and emotional adaptation during the confinement. The results show the commitment of these athletes to their sports goals and their responsibility in respecting the confinement rules. Sixty-seven per cent of them stated that they had not left their homes for 96 days. In these extreme circumstances, the majority trained an average of 11 to 13 hours a week and coped with the confinement with a positive attitude, in spite of the inconveniences of social isolation, the lack of equipment and technical support for training and the limitations of their physical space. The article analyzes which emotional and social factors influenced both their motivation and their hours of training.

scholarly journals Participation and attitudes towards gambling in Ghanaian youth: an exploratory analysis of risk and protective factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin N. Glozah ◽  
Barry Tolchard ◽  
David J. Pevalin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Using Data

AbstractPurposeThere is little information on youth gambling in Ghana even though there is an unprecedented emergence of various types of gambling and gambling venues throughout the country. The aim of this cross-sectional exploratory study was to examine the role of perceived social difficulties and perceived protective social factors in participation and attitudes of Ghanaian youth towards gambling using data from a school-based survey (n = 770).MethodsParticipants completed measures on perceived social difficulties, perceived protective social factors, attitudes towards gambling and participation in four types of gambling.ResultsSports betting was the most common form of gambling. There were significant differences in gambling participation with males gambling more than females. Youth who reported more perceived social difficulties from family and friends had a more positive attitude and a negative attitude towards gambling, respectively. Youth who reported higher protective social factors from family and teachers were less likely to have a negative attitude towards gambling. In all situations, high frequency gambling resulted in a more positive attitude towards gambling.ConclusionPerceived social difficulties influences Ghanaian youths to have a positive attitude towards gambling, however, protective social factors from family and teachers may help youth to have a negative attitude towards gambling, gamble less and consequently achieve academic success.

The Ecology of Suicidal Behaviour

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (496) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. McCulloch ◽  
A. E. Philip ◽  
G. M. Carstairs
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Previous Attempt ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Source Of Information

For over a decade the Maudsley MonographSuicide in London(Sainsbury, 1955) has been the most authoritative source of information about the contribution of certain social factors to the incidence of suicide in a British urban population. Sainsbury's investigation tested the hypothesis “that where social mobility and social isolation are pronounced, community life will be unstable, without order or purpose, and that this will be reflected to a greater or less degree in the suicide rates”. Much of his work stems from the pioneer work of Durkheim (1897). Using a combination of sociological and psychiatric methods he correlated rates of suicide and indices of social characteristics for London Boroughs derived from a social survey, the 1931 Census and other studies (Burt, 1944). He found significant differences in suicide rates among the boroughs, which remained consistent over 30 years despite considerable changes in the composition of their populations. Comparing suicide rates with other social factors he found significant correlations with social isolation, social mobility, divorce and illegitimacy. He suggested that suicide tended to be higher in the middle class and to diminish with poverty, but found no correlation with unemployment and overcrowding. He stated that suicide rates increased with age, particularly among males, there being a preponderance of over 55 year olds in his sample. A seasonal variation was observed, with the peak incidence in May. In his sample there were twice as many men as women. Six per cent. of his group were definitely alcoholic. Nine per cent. had made a previous attempt at suicide. Almost half of the group were seen to be psychiatrically ill or abnormal in personality.

Two Syndromes of Suicide

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (581) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. K. Ovenstone ◽  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Uniform Group ◽  
Made In

People who kill themselves are grouped together as suicides on the basis of that one action, yet they can hardly be considered to be a homogenous class. Attempts to define sub-categories among suicides can be made in a number of different ways, none by itself entirely satisfactory. Differentiation by psychiatric diagnosis is one possibility, but is difficult to achieve and throws little light on the undoubted contribution of social factors. Sociological studies have usually persisted in regarding all suicides as intrinsically similar, and have sought to relate variations in rates between different sections of the community in terms of general social variables such as status integration, social isolation, anomie and the like. Yet suicides are not a uniform group, and relatively little can be achieved while this fact is ignored.

scholarly journals Forced Social Isolation and Mental Health: A Study on 1,006 Italians Under COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pancani ◽  
Marco Marinucci ◽  
Nicolas Aureli ◽  
Paolo Riva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Most countries have been struggling with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic imposing social isolation on their citizens. However, this measure carried risks for people's mental health. This study evaluated the psychological repercussions of objective isolation in 1,006 Italians during the first, especially strict, lockdown in spring 2020. Although varying for the regional spread-rate of the contagion, results showed that the longer the isolation and the less adequate the physical space where people were isolated, the worse the mental health (e.g., depression). Offline social contacts buffered the association between social isolation and mental health. However, when offline contacts were limited, online contacts seemed crucial in protecting mental health. The findings inform about the potential downsides of the massive social isolation imposed by COVID-19 spread, highlighting possible risk factors and resources to account for implementing such isolation measures. Specifically, besides some known factors such as physical space availability, the local contagion rate is critical in moderating the link between social isolation and mental health issues, supporting national policies implementing regional tiers of restriction severity.

Social Isolation and Loneliness: Differences between Older Rural and Urban Manitobans

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Havens ◽  
Madelyn Hall ◽  
Gina Sylvestre ◽  
Tyler Jivan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Urban Adults ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to identify predictors of social isolation and loneliness for very old rural and urban adults. With data from the 1996 Aging in Manitoba Study (N = 1,868; age range 72–104), separate multiple regression models were constructed for rural and urban sub-samples, using the life space index (LSI) to measure social isolation as one outcome, and a loneliness index created by the authors from a combination of items to measure loneliness as a second outcome. Different factors were found to predict the outcomes for the two sub-samples. The models with isolation as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and three for the urban sub-sample. Only living alone was the same for both groups. The models with loneliness as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and two for the urban sub-sample, again with only one factor in common – four or more chronic illnesses. We conclude that health and social factors are important predictors of social isolation and loneliness, and sensitivity to these factors may improve the experience of older adults.

Forced social isolation and mental health: A study on 1006 Italians under COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pancani ◽  
Marco Marinucci ◽  
Nicolas Aureli ◽  
Paolo Riva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Social Isolate

Countries are tackling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic imposing people to social isolate. However, this measure carries risks for people’s mental health. This study evaluated the psychological repercussions of objective isolation in 1006 Italians locked down. Although varying for the regional spread-rate of the contagion, results showed that the longer the isolation and the less adequate the physical space where people were isolated, the worse the mental health (e.g., depression). Offline and online social contacts could buffer the adverse effects of social restrictions. However, when offline contacts are limited, online contacts can protect mental health from isolation. The findings could speak about the possible temporal evolution by which the length of isolation is associated with worse mental health. Moreover, the results outlined the downsides of the massive social isolation imposed by COVID-19 spread, highlighting risk factors and resources to account for in the implementation of such isolation measures.

Features of children taken to juvenile court for failure to attend school

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Berg ◽  
Alan Butler ◽  
Roy Hullin ◽  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Stephen Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Homogeneous Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Presence And Absence

SynopsisThe social reports on 84 children taken to court for failure to attend school were studied. Independent raters were able to assess reliably the presence and absence of a variety of variables concerned with the individual's behaviour, school, family, and involvement with social work agencies. In 68 instances teachers' questionnaires measuring psychiatric disturbance had been completed. There was no evidence that truancy in these circumstances is a homogeneous condition. At least 3 independent sets of features appear to be involved in most cases. One involves antisocial and educational problems (‘clinical truancy’), a second is concerned with adverse social factors and parental complicity (‘school withdrawal’), and a third set includes a tendency to social isolation (‘school refusal’). There was no evidence that individuals tend to exhibit one of these features to the exclusion of the others.

scholarly journals The Enabling Role of ICT to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Emotional and Social Loneliness of the Elderly during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Carmen Llorente-Barroso ◽  
Olga Kolotouchkina ◽  
Luis Mañas-Viniegra
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been especially hard on the elderly owing to their particular vulnerability to the virus. Their confinement to prevent the spread of the virus resulted in social isolation, often linked to the unwanted loneliness that hinders their emotional well-being. The enabling capacity of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to overcome the negative effects of this isolation requires special attention. The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of the use of ICT on the emotional well-being of elderly people during their confinement. (2) Methods: A qualitative exploration method based on four focus groups with elderly people aged 60 years or older and three in-depth personal interviews with experts in education of the elderly were carried out. (3) Results: Research results evidence a negative emotional impact of the confinement (lack of physical contact with their loved ones, fear and uncertainty, feeling of loneliness, sadness at the loss of family members) on the emotional well-being of study participants. Furthermore, the operational capacity of ICT to prevent infection, as well as their positive emotional and humanizing role in providing access to entertainment and hobbies, and in improving self-esteem was also acknowledged. (4) Conclusions: ICT have become a valuable ally for elderly people aged 60 years and older to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation and loneliness imposed by the confinement.

Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors: The Power of Social Connection in Prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110094
Author(s):  
Julianne Holt-Lunstad
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

Social isolation and loneliness were already pressing concerns prior to the pandemic, but recent trends suggest a potential broadening of this public health crisis. Social connections have potent influences on health and longevity, and lacking social connection qualifies as a risk factor for premature mortality. However, social factors are often overlooked in medical and healthcare practice. There is also evidence documenting effects on biomarkers and health-relevant behaviors, as well as more proximal means social connection influences physical health. A recent National Academy of Science consensus committee report provides recommendations for how this evidence can inform medical and healthcare. Clinicians play an important role in assessing, preventing, and mitigating the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness.

Family Setting and the Urban Distribution of Schizophrenia

1956 ◽  
Vol 102 (429) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
Family Setting

A number of studies have shown that the incidence of schizophrenic illness (as measured by first admissions to mental hospitals) is high in the central areas of large cities and diminishes progressively towards the suburbs (Fans and Dunham, 1939; Dunham, 1947; Hare, 1956). Two main hypotheses have been advanced to account for this distribution. The first, the “breeder” hypothesis, is that social factors in the central areas are causal for schizophrenia and the particular factor most likely to be responsible is that loosely called “social isolation”. The second, the “attraction” hypothesis, is that the social disorganization or anonymity characteristic of the central areas attracts unstable and schizoid persons, either because such persons are unable to maintain themselves in better areas or because they wish to avoid the intimate personal relations of family life.

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