On the Theoretical Conceptualisations, Knowledge Structures and Trends of Green New Deals

The increasing impacts of climate change, coupled with the Greta Thunberg effect, the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, and varied environmental policy documents, are pointing to the need for urgent and cohesive climate action and mitigation frameworks. One potent solution, gaining global acceptance, is that of the Green New Deal (GND), positioned as a radical rethinking of political and economic structures in view of pushing sustainability at the forefront of national, regional, and global issues. With the model rapidly gaining ground in various geographies, and in different forms in view of contextualization needs, there is a need to better understand its evolution, knowledge structures, and trends. This paper thus sets forth to provide an understanding of the evolution and implementation of GND through a bibliometric analysis and science mapping techniques using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to identify the thematic focus of 1174 articles indexed in the Web of Science since 1995. To understand the thematic evolution of the field over time, we divided the study period into three sub-periods, namely 1995–2014, 2015–2019, and 2020–2021. These sub-periods were determined considering important milestones related to GNDs. Term co-occurrence analyses were then conducted to understand thematic focus and associated trends. Also, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling were other methods applied to identify major sources, authors, publications, and countries that have made more contributions to the development of research on GNDs. The findings of this paper can help both researchers and policy makers understand the evolution and trends of GNDs to better formulate GNDs strategies and policies in accordance with varying needs and geographies.

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THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ACCORDING TO THE IPCC

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007816400042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 1640004 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RICHARD S. J. TOL

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Violent Conflict ◽

Poverty Traps ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Assessment Report ◽

Related Mortality ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

I assessed five statements in the Summary for Policy Makers (SPM) of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of Working Group II (WG2) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC’s assessment of the impacts of climate change on agriculture all but ignores human agency and human ingenuity. The statement in the SPM on violent conflict is much stronger than in the chapter and indeed the literature. AR5 ignores the literature on the impacts of climate change on cold-related mortality and morbidity. On poverty traps, WG2 reaches a conclusion that is not supported by the cited papers. The total impacts of climate change were assessed in four subsequent IPCC reports. Although there are no statistically significant differences between the assessment periods in the underlying literature, the subsequent SPMs reach very different conclusions. In sum, the IPCC has yet to reach the quality that one would expect from a gold standard.

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Application of a 1 km2 resolution model for climate change effects upon Benin and Nigeria vegetable agriculture

GEOMATICA ◽

10.1139/geomat-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Colin Minielly ◽

O. Clement Adebooye ◽

P.B. Irenikatche Akponikpe ◽

Durodoluwa J. Oyedele ◽

Dirk de Boer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Field Trials ◽

Development Planning ◽

Climate Modelling ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Global Issues ◽

Climate Change Effects

Climate change and food security are complex global issues that require multidisciplinary approaches to resolve. A nexus exists between both issues, especially in developing countries, but little prior research has successfully bridged the divide. Existing resolutions to climate change and food security are expensive and resource demanding. Climate modelling is at the forefront of climate change literature and development planning, whereas agronomy research is leading food security plans. The Benin Republic and Nigeria have grown and developed in recent years but may not have all the tools required to implement and sustain long-term food security in the face of climate change. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and outputs of a new model that bridges climate change and food security. Data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 5th Regional Assessment (IPCC AR5) were combined with a biodiversity database to develop the model to derive these outputs. The model was used to demonstrate what potential impacts climate change will have on the regional food security by incorporating agronomic data from four local underutilized indigenous vegetables (Amaranthus cruentus L., Solanum macrocarpon L., Telfairia occidentalis Hook f., and Ocimum gratissimum L.). The model shows that, by 2099, there is significant uncertainty within the optimal recommendations that originated from the MicroVeg project. This suggests that MicroVeg will not have long-term success for food security unless additional options (e.g., new field trials, shifts in vegetable grown) are considered, creating the need for need for more dissemination tools.

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Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties

International Community Law Review ◽

10.1163/18719732-12341467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2-3) ◽

pp. 158-167

Author(s):

Agata Bator ◽

Agnieszka Borek

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

International Level ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Adverse Impacts ◽

Global Agreement ◽

Local Levels ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.

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Cascading impacts of climate change and the rights of children in Africa: A reflection on the principle of intergenerational equity

African Human Rights Law Journal ◽

10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rongedzayi Fambasayi ◽

Michael Addaney

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Children's Rights ◽

Intergenerational Equity ◽

Children’S Rights ◽

Best Interests ◽

Rights Of The Child ◽

Sustainable Future ◽

Climate Action ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

SUMMARY This article explores the manner in which climate action at the African regional level protects and promotes children's rights with considerations being had to the principle of intergenerational equity. It establishes that while the concept of intergenerational equity is entrenched in the international and African regional climate change framework for the protection of children, neither the Convention on the Rights of the Child nor the African Children's Charter mentions the concept. However, CRC and the African Children's Charter oblige states to take into consideration the views of children and protect their best interests in climate action (to ensure intergenerational equity) and in achieving a sustainable future. Using a doctrinal research method, the article examines the regional legal and institutional responses to the cascading impacts of climate change and how they safeguard children's rights to a sustainable future. It proceeds to critically analyse child rights-responsive provisions in the African Children's Charter that could potentially enhance the utility of the principle of intergenerational equity in the context of climate action in Africa. The article argues that the principle of intergenerational equity could, in theory, be used as a useful tool for the protection and promotion of the rights and interests of children from climate change impacts. Key words: children's rights; climate change; climate justice; future generations; intergenerational equity

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One Atmosphere

Climate Ethics ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195399622.003.0020 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Singer

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Montreal Protocol ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Protective Shield ◽

Third Assessment Report ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Full Force

There can be no clearer illustration of the need for human beings to act globally than the issues raised by the impact of human activity on our atmosphere. That we all share the same planet came to our attention in a particularly pressing way in the 1970s when scientists discovered that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) threatens the ozone layer shielding the surface of our planet from the full force of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Damage to that protective shield would cause cancer rates to rise sharply and could have other effects, for example, on the growth of algae. The threat was especially acute to the world's southernmost cities, since a large hole in the ozone was found to be opening up each year over Antarctica, but in the long term, the entire ozone shield was imperiled. Once the science was accepted, concerted international action followed relatively rapidly with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1985. The developed countries phased out virtually all use of CFCs by 1999, and the developing countries, given a 10-year period of grace, are now moving toward the same goal. Getting rid of CFCs has turned out to be just the curtain raiser: the main event is climate change, or global warming. Without belittling the pioneering achievement of those who brought about the Montreal Protocol, the problem was not so difficult, for CFCs can be replaced in all their uses at relatively little cost, and the solution to the problem is simply to stop producing them. Climate change is a very different matter. The scientific evidence that human activities are changing the climate of our planet has been studied by a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an international scientific body intended to provide policy makers with an authoritative view of climate change and its causes. The group released its Third Assessment Report in 2001, building on earlier reports and incorporating new evidence accumulated over the previous five years. The report is the work of 122 lead authors and 515 contributing authors, and the research on which it was based was reviewed by 337 experts.

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The risk of carbon leakage in global climate agreements

International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics ◽

10.1007/s10784-020-09507-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Nielsen ◽

Nicolai Baumert ◽

Astrid Kander ◽

Magnus Jiborn ◽

Viktoras Kulionis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Kyoto Protocol ◽

Global Climate ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Carbon Leakage ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Climate Agreements ◽

Climate Action ◽

The Usa ◽

Nationally Determined Contributions

Abstract Although climate change and international trade are interdependent, policy-makers often address the two topics separately. This may inhibit progress at the intersection of climate change and trade and could present a serious constraint for global climate action. One key risk is carbon leakage through emission outsourcing, i.e. reductions in emissions in countries with rigorous climate policies being offset by increased emissions in countries with less stringent policies. We first analyze the Paris Agreement’s nationally determined contributions (NDC) and investigate how carbon leakage is addressed. We find that the risk of carbon leakage is insufficiently accounted for in these documents. Then, we apply a novel quantitative approach (Jiborn et al., 2018; Baumert et al., 2019) to analyze trends in carbon outsourcing related to a previous international climate regime—the Kyoto Protocol—in order to assess whether reported emission reductions were offset by carbon outsourcing in the past. Our results for 2000–2014 show a more nuanced picture of carbon leakage during the Kyoto Protocol than previous studies have reported. Carbon outsourcing from developed to developing countries was dominated by the USA outsourcing to China, while the evidence for other developed countries was mixed. Against conventional wisdom, we find that, in general, countries that stayed committed to their Kyoto Protocol emission targets were either only minor carbon outsourcers or actually even insourcers—although the trend was slightly negative—indicating that binding emissions targets do not necessarily lead to carbon outsourcing. We argue that multiple carbon monitoring approaches are needed to reduce the risk of carbon leakage.

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Climate change and the Puget Sound: Building the legal framework for adaptation

Climate Law ◽

10.1163/cl-2011-039 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 299-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yee Huang ◽

Robert L. Glicksman ◽

Catherine O’Neill ◽

William L. Andreen ◽

Victor Flatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Puget Sound ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change ◽

Puget Sound Region

Regardless of the efforts governments may take to mitigate the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and other human activities on climate change, the need for society to adapt to climate change is unavoidable. Adapting to the myriad impacts of climate change will require actions at all levels of government. This article focuses on the anticipated impacts of climate change on the Puget Sound region in the northwestern United States as an example of the range of problems climate change will present and of the solutions available to governments and others interested in avoiding or minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change. As a guide for policy-makers, the article offers general principles for formulating climate change adaptation policies, suggestions for changes in decision-making processes that make them more suitable for addressing the unpredictable impacts of climate change, and strategies for adapting to three specific categories of climate change effects: impacts on the hydrologic cycle, sea-level rise, and altered meteorological conditions. The strategies and recommendations analysed in the article can provide a model for climate change adaptation policies, both in the Puget Sound region and more broadly, that are both environmentally protective and socially equitable.

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Impacts of climate change on fishersˊ livelihood in Kishoregonj haor region, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v6i3.49788 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 408-417

Author(s):

Ariful Islam ◽

Md Saddam Hossain ◽

Zakir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Fishing Activity ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Structured Questionnaire ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Kishoreganjhaor region is highly sensitive to the climatic events such as flash flood, soil erosion, heavy rainfall, drought, storm surge etc. The aim of this research is to assess the impacts of climate change on fishersˊ livelihoods of Kishorganjhaor region, Bangladesh. The fisherˊ livelihood data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire interview and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) method. In Kishoreganjhaor region, natural disasters have increased due to climate change, that threat on fishersˊ livelihood by extinction of fish species, low fish availability, destructing houses and other infrastructures. In the present study, it was found that 65% fishers were involved in permanent fishing activity and 35% fishers were temporarily involved in fishing with other occupation as daily labour, net making etc. A very few empirical research on the impacts of climate change in Kishoreganjhaor has been conducted, so researcher and policy makers can get information about the concern by this study and implement policy for the climate change induced affected people of the Kishoreganjhaor. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 408-417

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Assessment of the impacts of climate change on maize production in the Wami Ruvu basin of Tanzania

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2016.055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 142-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philbert Luhunga ◽

Ladslaus Chang'a ◽

George Djolov

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Models ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Lower Altitude ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Maize Yields ◽

The Impact ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assessment reports confirm that climate change will hit developing countries the hardest. Adaption is on the agenda of many countries around the world. However, before devising adaption strategies, it is crucial to assess and understand the impacts of climate change at regional and local scales. In this study, the impact of climate change on rain-fed maize (Zea mays) production in the Wami-Ruvu basin of Tanzania was evaluated using the Decision Support System for Agro-technological Transfer. The model was fed with daily minimum and maximum temperatures, rainfall and solar radiation for current climate conditions (1971–2000) as well as future climate projections (2010–2099) for two Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. These data were derived from three high-resolution regional climate models, used in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment program. Results showed that due to climate change future maize yields over the Wami-Ruvu basin will slightly increase relative to the baseline during the current century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. However, maize yields will decline in the mid and end centuries. The spatial distribution showed that high decline in maize yields are projected over lower altitude regions due to projected increase in temperatures in those areas.

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Are citizen juries and assemblies on climate change driving democratic climate policymaking? An exploration of two case studies in the United Kingdom

10.21203/rs.3.rs-273650/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Wells ◽

Candice Howarth ◽

Lina I. Brand-Correa

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Policy ◽

Comparative Case Study ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Climate Action ◽

The Uk ◽

Elected Representatives ◽

The Impact

Abstract In light of increasing pressure to deliver climate action targets, and the growing role of citizens in raising the importance of the issue, deliberative democratic processes (e.g. Citizen Juries and Citizen Assemblies) on climate change are increasingly being used to provide a voice to citizens in climate change decision-making. Through a comparative case study of two processes that ran in the UK in 2019 (the Leeds Climate Change Citizens’ Jury and the Oxford Citizens’ Assembly on Climate Change), this paper investigates how far Citizen Assemblies and Juries on climate change are increasing citizen engagement on climate change and creating more citizen-centred climate policy-making. Interviews were conducted with policy-makers, councillors, professional facilitators and others involved in running these processes to assess motivations for conducting these, their structure and the impact and influence they had. The findings suggest the impact of these processes is not uniform: they have an indirect impact on policymaking by creating momentum around climate action and supporting the introduction of pre-planned or pre-existing policies rather than a direct impact by being truly being citizen-centred policymaking processes or conducive to new climate policy. We conclude with reflections on how these processes give elected representatives a public mandate on climate change, that they help to identify more nuanced and in-depth public opinions in a fair and informed way, yet it can be challenging to embed citizen juries and assemblies in wider democratic processes.

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