scholarly journals THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ACCORDING TO THE IPCC

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640004 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD S. J. TOL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

I assessed five statements in the Summary for Policy Makers (SPM) of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of Working Group II (WG2) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC’s assessment of the impacts of climate change on agriculture all but ignores human agency and human ingenuity. The statement in the SPM on violent conflict is much stronger than in the chapter and indeed the literature. AR5 ignores the literature on the impacts of climate change on cold-related mortality and morbidity. On poverty traps, WG2 reaches a conclusion that is not supported by the cited papers. The total impacts of climate change were assessed in four subsequent IPCC reports. Although there are no statistically significant differences between the assessment periods in the underlying literature, the subsequent SPMs reach very different conclusions. In sum, the IPCC has yet to reach the quality that one would expect from a gold standard.

Data visualisation and information design at the science-policy interface: drawing from the IPCC experience.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gomis Melissa ◽  
Berger Sophie ◽  
Matthews Robin ◽  
Connors Sarah ◽  
Yelekci Ozge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Science Policy Interface

<p>In this digital age, communication has become increasingly visual. Like never before, visual information is increasing exposure and widening outreach to new audiences. With growing demands from Journals (Table of Content arts, visual abstracts, scientific figures), conferences (posters, presentation) and competitive grants submissions, the science world is not spared, and figures represent a tremendous opportunity to communicate findings more effectively. It is therefore important to get figures and images right for the intended audience, even more so when visualizing scientific data and conveying complex concepts. </p><p>The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), whose primary role is to inform policy makers on the state of knowledge on climate change, showcases how complex science can be visually communicated to a non-expert audience. Since its fifth assessment report, published in 2014, the IPCC has acknowledged the importance of communicating its assessments in an understandable, accessible, actionable and relevant way to all its stakeholders without compromising on the scientific robustness and accuracy. </p><p>Currently in its sixth assessment cycle, the IPCC features a new approach to figure design in its three recently published Special Reports. This approach consists in an unprecedented collaboration between design, information and cognitive specialists and the IPCC authors. This co-design process, along with a continuous guidance to authors on visualization and cognitive concepts, was conducted in a user-centered way to best serve the audience needs and their respective background. The challenge of visually representing multi-disciplinary results, testing, evaluating, and refining the figures improved the clarity of the key messages. The entire co-design method has proven to be a successful process during the preparation of the special reports and the preparation of the sixth assessment report is building on this experience. Despite a lack of available analytics, the IPCC communication department has observed an unprecedented media coverage and a certain amount of derivative products based on the special reports figures created by third parties.</p>

scholarly journals On the Theoretical Conceptualisations, Knowledge Structures and Trends of Green New Deals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12529
Author(s):  
Zaheer Allam ◽  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Damien Giurco ◽  
Samantha A. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Science Mapping ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The increasing impacts of climate change, coupled with the Greta Thunberg effect, the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, and varied environmental policy documents, are pointing to the need for urgent and cohesive climate action and mitigation frameworks. One potent solution, gaining global acceptance, is that of the Green New Deal (GND), positioned as a radical rethinking of political and economic structures in view of pushing sustainability at the forefront of national, regional, and global issues. With the model rapidly gaining ground in various geographies, and in different forms in view of contextualization needs, there is a need to better understand its evolution, knowledge structures, and trends. This paper thus sets forth to provide an understanding of the evolution and implementation of GND through a bibliometric analysis and science mapping techniques using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to identify the thematic focus of 1174 articles indexed in the Web of Science since 1995. To understand the thematic evolution of the field over time, we divided the study period into three sub-periods, namely 1995–2014, 2015–2019, and 2020–2021. These sub-periods were determined considering important milestones related to GNDs. Term co-occurrence analyses were then conducted to understand thematic focus and associated trends. Also, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling were other methods applied to identify major sources, authors, publications, and countries that have made more contributions to the development of research on GNDs. The findings of this paper can help both researchers and policy makers understand the evolution and trends of GNDs to better formulate GNDs strategies and policies in accordance with varying needs and geographies.

scholarly journals The IPCC and Antarctica

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
MICHIEL VAN DEN BROEKE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Fourth Assessment Report ◽  
Review Period ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
Ipcc Working Group ◽  
Group 1

How well is the scientific community doing on providing policy makers with evidence for climate change and predictions for its future trends? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is one of the flagships of international scientific collaboration. Every five years, IPCC Working Group 1 compiles the state of the art in the science of climate change. The Third Assessment Report was presented in 2001, and writing of the Fourth Assessment Report began in the autumn of 2004. External, invited experts reviewed the initial draft last May and the final report will be made available to governments and public in late 2006. In September 2005 the first draft will even be published on the Internet for an eight-week external review period by anyone interested.

Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Agata Bator ◽  
Agnieszka Borek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
International Level ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Global Agreement ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.

One Atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Full Force

There can be no clearer illustration of the need for human beings to act globally than the issues raised by the impact of human activity on our atmosphere. That we all share the same planet came to our attention in a particularly pressing way in the 1970s when scientists discovered that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) threatens the ozone layer shielding the surface of our planet from the full force of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Damage to that protective shield would cause cancer rates to rise sharply and could have other effects, for example, on the growth of algae. The threat was especially acute to the world's southernmost cities, since a large hole in the ozone was found to be opening up each year over Antarctica, but in the long term, the entire ozone shield was imperiled. Once the science was accepted, concerted international action followed relatively rapidly with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1985. The developed countries phased out virtually all use of CFCs by 1999, and the developing countries, given a 10-year period of grace, are now moving toward the same goal. Getting rid of CFCs has turned out to be just the curtain raiser: the main event is climate change, or global warming. Without belittling the pioneering achievement of those who brought about the Montreal Protocol, the problem was not so difficult, for CFCs can be replaced in all their uses at relatively little cost, and the solution to the problem is simply to stop producing them. Climate change is a very different matter. The scientific evidence that human activities are changing the climate of our planet has been studied by a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an international scientific body intended to provide policy makers with an authoritative view of climate change and its causes. The group released its Third Assessment Report in 2001, building on earlier reports and incorporating new evidence accumulated over the previous five years. The report is the work of 122 lead authors and 515 contributing authors, and the research on which it was based was reviewed by 337 experts.

Introduction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Trauma ◽  
E Mail

In our final hour (2003), cambridge university astronomer Martin Rees concluded that the odds of global civilization surviving to the year 2100 are no better than one in two. His assessment of threats to humankind ranging from climate change to a collision of Earth with an asteroid received good reviews in the science press, but not a peep from any political leader and scant notice from the media. Compare that nonresponse to a hypothetical story reporting, say, that the president had had an affair. The blow-dried electronic pundits, along with politicians of all kinds, would have spared no effort to expose and analyze the situation down to parts per million. But Rees’s was only one of many credible and well-documented warnings from scientists going back decades, including the Fourth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). All were greeted with varying levels of denial, indifference, and misinterpretation, or were simply ignored altogether. It is said to be a crime to cause panic in a crowded theater by yelling “fire” without cause, but is it less criminal not to warn people when the theater is indeed burning? My starting point is the oddly tepid response by U.S. leaders at virtually all levels to global warming, more accurately described as “global destabilization.” I will be as optimistic as a careful reading of the evidence permits and assume that leaders will rouse themselves to act in time to stabilize and then reduce concentrations of greenhouse gases below the level at which we lose control of the climate altogether by the effects of what scientists call “positive carbon cycle feedbacks.” Even so, with a warming approaching or above 2°C we will not escape severe social, economic, and political trauma. In an e-mail to the author on November 19, 2007, ecologist and founder of the Woods Hole Research Center George Woodwell puts it this way: . . . There is an unfortunate fiction abroad that if we can hold the temperature rise to 2 or 3 degrees C we can accommodate the changes. The proposition is the worst of wishful thinking.

scholarly journals Climate change and the Puget Sound: Building the legal framework for adaptation

Climate Law ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Huang ◽  
Robert L. Glicksman ◽  
Catherine O’Neill ◽  
William L. Andreen ◽  
Victor Flatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change ◽  
Puget Sound Region

Regardless of the efforts governments may take to mitigate the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and other human activities on climate change, the need for society to adapt to climate change is unavoidable. Adapting to the myriad impacts of climate change will require actions at all levels of government. This article focuses on the anticipated impacts of climate change on the Puget Sound region in the northwestern United States as an example of the range of problems climate change will present and of the solutions available to governments and others interested in avoiding or minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change. As a guide for policy-makers, the article offers general principles for formulating climate change adaptation policies, suggestions for changes in decision-making processes that make them more suitable for addressing the unpredictable impacts of climate change, and strategies for adapting to three specific categories of climate change effects: impacts on the hydrologic cycle, sea-level rise, and altered meteorological conditions. The strategies and recommendations analysed in the article can provide a model for climate change adaptation policies, both in the Puget Sound region and more broadly, that are both environmentally protective and socially equitable.

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