scholarly journals Marine Sites and the Drivers of Wellbeing: Ecosystem vs. Anthropic Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12568
Author(s):  
Barbara Cavalletti ◽  
Matteo Corsi ◽  
Elena Lagomarsino
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Marine Site ◽  
High Level

Coastal sites offer a range of services that contribute to human wellbeing. While some of the services are entirely human-made (e.g., parasol and sunbed rental), others are produced thanks to the contribution of marine ecosystems (e.g., water clarity). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the preferences of a sample of beachgoers for these two categories of services that policymakers have to balance when designing management strategies for coastal sites. We consider a marine site in the north of Italy that partially falls within the boundaries of a protected area but that is characterized by a medium-to-high level of anthropization. The results of a discrete choice experiment show that in the current state of things, the ecosystem services proposed for the sample have, on average, a higher marginal utility, suggesting that actions increasing those services have a larger effect on well-being.

scholarly journals Green Infrastructure, Urbanization, and Ecosystem Services: The Main Challenges for Russia’s Largest Cities

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Oxana Klimanova ◽  
Olga Illarionova ◽  
Karsten Grunewald ◽  
Elena Bukvareva
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
High Level

Globally, the process of urbanization is transforming land use and, as a consequence, reducing the efficiency of ecosystem services (ESs), which ensure a healthy and comfortable urban environment. In cities, green infrastructure (GI) is a key source of urban ESs. Russia is a highly urbanized country: 70% of its population live in towns or cities. As cities continue to expand, they are swallowing unsealed lands that support ESs. In this paper, we present the results of an analysis of the current state and recent changes in urban GI in Russia’s 16 largest cities, including a biophysical evaluation of key urban ESs, using remote sensing data and freely available statistics. Our analysis identifies a weak correlation between GI area, ES volume, and favorable climate conditions as well as a stronger correlation between ESs and the increasing rate of urbanization. Considering Russia’s high level of urbanization, the key importance of ESs for the well-being of citizens, and ongoing reductions of urban GI, major revisions to urban planning policy are required. Indicators of urban biodiversity, GI, and ESs should be incorporated into decision-making processes. In particular, it is vital that the accounting and monitoring of GI and ESs are established in all of Russia’s larger cities.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in the Daily Life of Adolescents: Factors Affecting Healthy Choices from a Discrete Choice Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6860
Author(s):  
Sabina De Rosis ◽  
Ilaria Corazza ◽  
Francesca Pennucci
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Using Data

Physical activity improves peoples’ well-being and can help in preventing weight gain, obesity, and related non-communicable diseases. Promoting healthy behaviors in the daily travels and transport choices of adolescents is very important in early establishing healthy habits that imply routine physical activity. For designing and developing effective strategies, it is relevant to study adolescents’ preferences for physical activity and what factors in the social and environmental contexts affect their preferences. The paper investigates these aspects by means of a discrete choice experiment, using data from more than 4300 16–17 year-old adolescents in Italy. The results show that adolescents generally prefer walking for long time alone. However, females prefer cycling, while adolescents from lower educated families prefer motorized means of transport. Environmental factors affect the adolescents’ preferences: living nearby a green area is associated with more active and healthier choices in their short daily travels. Conversely, adolescents living closer to an industrial or high traffic area prefer to use motorized vehicles. Such findings have been discussed and policy implications presented, in order to support policymakers in designing cross-sectoral policies to promote healthy choices related to physical activity in adolescence.

Patient Preferences for Outcomes Following DCIS Management Strategies: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.20.00614
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Chapman ◽  
Jui-Chen Yang ◽  
Juan Marcos Gonzalez ◽  
Laura Havrilesky ◽  
Shelby D. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Trade Offs

PURPOSE: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a nonobligate precursor of breast cancer, is often aggressively managed with multimodal therapy. However, there is limited research on patients' preferences for trade-offs among treatment-related outcomes such as breast appearance, side effects, and future cancer risk. We sought to investigate whether women consider treatment features aside from cancer risk when making treatment choices for ductal carcinoma in situ and if so, to what degree other features influence these decisions. METHODS: A discrete choice experiment was administered to participants in a comprehensive cancer screening mammography clinic. The experimental design was used to generate constructed health profiles resulting from different management strategies. Health profiles were defined by breast appearance, severity of infection within the first year, chronic pain, hot flashes, and risk of developing or dying from breast cancer within 10 years. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-four women without a personal history of breast cancer completed the choice task. Across 10 choice questions, 29% always selected the health profile with a lower risk of invasive breast cancer (ie, dominated on cancer risk), regardless of the effects of treatment. For nonrisk dominators, breast cancer risk remained the most important factor but was closely followed by chronic pain (24% [95% CI, 20 to 28]) and infection (22% [95% CI, 18 to 25]). Depending on treatment outcomes, the tolerable increase in breast cancer risk was as high as 3.4%. CONCLUSION: Most women were willing to make some trade-offs between invasive cancer risk and treatment-related outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of shared decision-making weighing risks and benefits between patient and provider management of low-risk disease.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Yurii Malakhovskyi ◽  
Ali Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the publication is to summarize the practice of quantitative assessment of the current state and trends in the change of social capital of national economy (SCNE) of Ukraine on the basis of the use of the index system, which comprehensively take into account numerous aspects of its functioning as a basic factor in ensuring stable competitiveness of the national economy (NE), high level of human development, key conditions for prosperity and well-being of all segments of the population. The results of the benchmarking of indices and analysis of the actual level of SCNE are based on data about the factors of current level of the national economy’s formation for individual countries in the process of ensuring in the strategic perspective the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Measuring Social Capital (SC) for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). For SCNE of Ukraine is inherent in the simultaneous deep commitment of the domestic community to the values of survival (at the level of Russia, Moldova, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria) in combination with a high level of confession of secular rational values (at the level of Lithuania, South Korea, the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark). Based on the above data, Ukraine has a low level of direct interpersonal social trust (the level of distrust/caution in relations practically exceeds it three times) combined with a low level of trust in political institutions. The necessary information for the assessment of the environment and the general level of development of SCNE of Ukraine is contained in the already mentioned international indices, which in their aggregate comprehensively characterize the subject of our research.

scholarly journals Comparison the Psychological Wellbeing of University Students from Hungary and Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Barth ◽  
Ildikó Nagy ◽  
János Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

AbstractThe results obtained in our research of mental distress indicators and results of conflict management strategies are consistent with the results of international studies. Students participating in the study (N=237) reached the highest average results in the field of personal growth, while we measured the lowest value in the fields of autonomy and the dominance of the enviroment. Among the mental distress indicators the students gave the highest scores for the stress. The frequency examination showed the results of the participants to fall to 40.9% of moderate-severe and severe extreme range. While among the genders, women indicate much higher stress levels. In addition, the students preferred the avoiding conflict management strategy in preference to the other four strategies. While we compared the students from the two countries we found a significant difference between the survey field of autonomy and purpose in life. We also found a notable difference among the mental distress indicators. While the students of the University of Debrecen were moderate, the students of the universities of Oradea fell in the “slight” area (in the range of stress). For the usage of conflict management strategies we found no significant differences between the two countries' students. The students from both countries preferred the avoiding strategy. This study similiar to many national and international studies indicates the high level of stress among the students. One of the most important task of a higher education institution should be the protection of the students’ mental health which would lead to an improvement on well-being and that would cause the lowering of the stress level.

Fasciolеsis in the subjects of the North Caucasus as a probable biological, epidemiological and epizootic threat to the population and animal husbandry

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. M. Bittirov ◽  
◽  
S. A. Shemyakova ◽  
B. K. Laipanov ◽  
K. Kh. Bolatchiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
High Level

When analyzing statistical materials from 32 polyclinics in 15 cities of the North Caucasus (Grozny, Gudermes, Argun, Magas, Nazran, Vladikavkaz, Beslan, Ardon, Karachaevsk, Cherkessk , Nalchik, Nartkala, Baksan, Prokhladny and Mayskiy) in 18,0 thousand samples of feces, the indices of occurrence per 100 thousand of population and abundance of F. gigantica eggs were 0, which indicates an epidemic the well-being of the region in relation to zoonosis, thanks to the program organization of health education of the population. At the same time, for fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) of sheep, cattle and buffaloes, all 5 Republics of the North Caucasus belong to the disadvantaged regions of southern Russia with a critical risk index for the biosafety of livestock industries in all climatic zones of the subject due to the weak and half implementation of antiepizootic measures. In 5 Republics of the North Caucasus in 2011–2019. The indices of the incidence and abundance of fascioliasis in sheep, cattle and buffaloes increased by 2–3 times, which indicates the threat of invasion to the efficiency of livestock subsectors in the region. Our data indicate a high level of sanitary contamination of the soils of near-village pastures in the plain and foothill zones of all subjects of the North Caucasus with invasive elements of the causative agent of giant fascioliasis and their absence in the soils of distant pastures. In 100% of soil samples from rural pastures in the plain and foothill zone, invasive eggs of Fasciola gigantica were identified, which, according to forecasts, may lead to the spread of parthenitis among intermediate hosts, followed by the spread of invasion among the population of 5 regions, such as the Chechen and Ingush Republics, RNOAlania, Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachay-Cherkess Republics.

scholarly journals Comparing patients’ and other stakeholders’ preferences for outcomes of integrated care for multimorbidity: a discrete choice experiment in eight European countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037547
Author(s):  
Maureen Rutten-van Mölken ◽  
Milad Karimi ◽  
Fenna Leijten ◽  
Maaike Hoedemakers ◽  
Willemijn Looman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Higher Weights

ObjectivesTo measure relative preferences for outcomes of integrated care of patients with multimorbidity from eight European countries and compare them to the preferences of other stakeholders within these countries.DesignA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in each country, asking respondents to choose between two integrated care programmes for persons with multimorbidity.SettingPreference data collected in Austria (AT), Croatia (HR), Germany (DE), Hungary (HU), the Netherlands (NL), Norway (NO), Spain (ES), and UK.ParticipantsPatients with multimorbidity, partners and other informal caregivers, professionals, payers and policymakers.Main outcome measuresPreferences of participants regarding outcomes of integrated care described as health/well-being, experience with care and cost outcomes, that is, physical functioning, psychological well-being, social relationships and participation, enjoyment of life, resilience, person-centredness, continuity of care and total costs. Each outcome had three levels of performance.Results5122 respondents completed the DCE. In all countries, patients with multimorbidity, as well as most other stakeholder groups, assigned the (second) highest preference to enjoyment of life. The patients top-three most frequently included physical functioning, psychological well-being and continuity of care. Continuity of care also entered the top-three of professionals, payers and policymakers in four countries (AT, DE, HR and HU). Of the five stakeholder groups, preferences of professionals differed most often from preferences of patients. Professionals assigned lower weights to physical functioning in AT, DE, ES, NL and NO and higher weights to person-centredness in AT, DE, ES and HU. Payers and policymakers assigned higher weights than patients to costs, but these weights were relatively low.ConclusionThe well-being outcome enjoyment of life is the most important outcome of integrated care in multimorbidity. This calls for a greater involvement of social and mental care providers. The difference in opinion between patients and professionals calls for shared decision-making, whereby efforts to improve well-being and person-centredness should not divert attention from improving physical functioning.

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