scholarly journals Traditional Village Landscape Integration Based on Social Network Analysis: A Case Study of the Yuan River Basin in South-Western China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13319
Author(s):  
Daimou Wei ◽  
Zhexiao Wang ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Western China ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Isolated Points ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation

Traditional rural Chinese landscapes have fragmented from the impact of rapid urbanisation and modernisation. Aiming to address this tough issue, the Chinese central government proposed the Traditional Villages Project, which is top-down traditional village management and conservation policy. A traditional village landscape network (TVLN) can be used to integrate rural landscapes and ensure the unified protection of natural and cultural landscapes. This paper aimed to establish a method of building a TVLN through three main steps: the calculation of the connection strength of traditional villages, calculation of the tie strength between traditional villages, and establishment of a TVLN. The results demonstrated the rich layers and stable structure of the Yuan River Basin’s TVLN, but there was a hidden risk in its stability due to the existence of tangent and isolated points. This TVLN quantitatively examined the characteristics and relationships of traditional villages and provided data support for the approval of traditional villages and protection policy formulation. A TVLN can support the overall conservation of traditional village landscapes, enhance their comprehensive value, and promote the sustainable management and cross-regional protection of traditional village landscapes.

Ten Demi-Culverins for Aldeburgh: Whitehall, the Dunkirkers, and a Suffolk Fishing Community, 1625–1630

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cogswell
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHistorians have not paid close attention to the activities of freebooters operating out of Dunkirk in the late 1620s. This essay corrects that omission by first studying the threat from Dunkirk to England's east coast and then addressing how the central government, counties, and coastal towns responded. A surprisingly rich vein of manuscript material from Great Yarmouth and particularly from the Suffolk fishing community of Aldeburgh informs this case study of the impact of this conflict around the North Sea.

scholarly journals Commercial property tax in the UK: business rates and rating appeals

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Greenhalgh ◽  
Kevin Muldoon-Smith ◽  
Sophie Angus
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the introduction of the business rates retention scheme (BRRS) in England which transferred financial liability for backdated appeals to LAs. Under the original scheme, business rates revenue, mandatory relief and liability for successful appeals is spilt 50/50 between central government and local government which both share the rewards of growth and bear the risk of losses. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a microanalysis approach into researching local government finance, conducting a case study of Leeds, to investigate the impact of appeals liability and reveal disparities in impact, through detailed examination of multiple perspectives in one of the largest cities in the UK. Findings The case study reveals that Leeds, despite having a buoyant commercial economy driven by retail and service sector growth, has been detrimentally impacted by BRRS as backdated appeals have outweighed uplift in business rates income. Fundamentally BRRS is not a “one size fits all” model – it results in winners and losers – which will be exacerbated if local authorities get to keep 100 per cent of their business rates from 2020. Research limitations/implications LAs’ income is more volatile as a consequence of both the rates retention and appeals liability aspects of BRRS and will become more so with the move to 100 per cent retention and liability. Practical implications Such volatility impairs the ability of local authorities to invest in growth at the same time as providing front line services over the medium term – precisely the opposite of what BRRS was intended to do. It also incentivises the construction of new floorspace, which generates risks overbuilding and exacerbating over-supply. Originality/value The research reveals the significant impact of appeals liability on LAs’ business rates revenues which will be compounded with the move to a fiscally neutral business rates system and 100 per cent business rates retention by 2020.

Who Won the “Wool War”?: A Case Study of Rural Product Marketing in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew watson ◽  
Christopher Findlay ◽  
Du Yintang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intensive Development

The absence of a systematic programme has been a distinctive feature of China's economic reform process. The Chinese did not set out to develop a step-by-step plan of reform to be phased in over a period of years. Instead they adopted a number of strategic goals, and in 1978 launched incremental and pragmatic changes aimed at realizing them. Essentially the strategy adopted had four main aspects: a shift from economic growth expressed mainly through statistical targets towards an emphasis on satisfying the consumption needs of the population; a change from extensive development based on new investment towards intensive development through greater efficiency; an acceptance of greater economic autonomy for producers, with a broader mix of methods of economic management and types of ownership; and the adoption of a much more open economy. The reforms adopted over the succeeding years have all been consistent with these objectives, but they have not been implemented through a carefully planned series of stages. Overall the process has been marked by different rates of reform across sectors, by occasional pauses and even retreats, and by problems generated by the interaction of the differing rates of reform. Enterprise managers, for example, have found that plan controls over their production or sales have disappeared at a faster rate than controls over their supply of inputs. Given the dual price system and the continuing role of the central government in the supply of strategic materials and energy, the impact of the uneven pace of change on managers’ behaviour has therefore been very complex.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Earmarked Transfers in a State-Designated Poor County in Western China: Central Policies and Local Responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 973-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Liu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Rachel Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Western China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

AbstractIn order to improve the effectiveness of redistributive policies, in 2002 the Chinese government increased fiscal transfers and imposed more stringent regulations on the use of earmarked funds. This article evaluates the impact this had on K county in a north-western province. The case study finds that the misappropriation of earmarked transfers did decrease but this did not necessarily indicate an improvement in the local government's compliance in the usage of transfers. Instead, the county governments found ways to sabotage central policies by exporting fiscal burdens to the subordinate bureaus that received the earmarked subsidies. In some bureaus this was done by reducing the amount of funds allocated for operating expenses. In others it involved increasing staff numbers. These findings provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of using earmarked funds and internal supervisory mechanisms to achieve policy objectives in an authoritarian regime.

The Budgetary Behavior of Local Governments and Intergovernmental Grant Policies: A Case Study for Japan

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Ishi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
Intergovernmental Grant ◽  
The Impact

The basic aim in this paper is to clarify intergovernmental fiscal relations in Japan. Particular attention is paid to the impact of various types of central government grants on the local government budgets. This is an important issue in a nation like Japan, where the fiscal system is strongly centralized. First, a model is constructed to express the local fiscal behavior under the present grant policies, following the past attempts developed in the United States of America. Then, the estimates of this model are attempted using available data, and some policy questions are examined. The main empirical conclusions that are drawn from the Japanese experience are much more plausible than those in the US case. This implies that the control of central government via various grant policies is more dominant in Japan.

scholarly journals Analisis Kesesuaian Penerima dan Penggunaan Dana Bantuan Sosial Pandemi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat Gampong Sapik dan Gampong Air Berudang, Aceh Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Suci Fitria Citra ◽  
Tari Muzalifah ◽  
Lukman Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Cash Assistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incorrect Data

This research aims to describe the accuracy in the distribution of social assistance during Covid-19 to the people of Gampong Sapik and Air Berudang. It uses a case study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by observation, interview, and analysis using thematic techniques. The distribution of social assistance has received a positive response from the community because it can help the economy of residents in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, even though there are several polemics that have occurred due to incorrect data used and several other obstacles. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 54 / HUK / 2020 regarding the Implementation of Basic Food Social Assistance and Social Cash Assistance in Handling the Impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), the Government realizes social assistance to people affected by Covid-19 which involves the Central Government, regional governments and heads of villages in distributing it to the community.

scholarly journals The Impact of Governmental Policy on the Effective Operation of CSOs: A French Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Mourey ◽  
Philippe Eynaud ◽  
Carolyn Cordery
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWorldwide, civil society organizations (CSOs) are an integral component in the complex network that comprises the public sphere improving the welfare of our communities. In the second half of the twentieth century French CSOs’ contributions to their citizens’ welfare have become increasingly valued. Nevertheless, radical changes to employment policies during the Sarkozy regime (2007–2012) impacted social services to unemployed migrants. In addition, central government constrained local governments’ ability to fund social services, pushing a shift from a culture of “granting subsidies” to one based on “public procurement contracting” (Langlais 2008). These environmental changes are likely to transform CSO-government relationships.This research asks two questions: what is the impact of such radical changes and what possible responses can organizations make, if they are to survive? To answer these, we utilize a case study of a French CSO (Association), which is highly dependent on public funding to deliver its urban-based migrant programs. We utilize the lens of resource dependency, focusing on the interrelationships and interactions that impact CSOs’ legitimacy and support. Effects of the reforms include a change from relatively cooperative relationships with government to adversarial exchanges. Moreover, this CSO’s activities are apprehended by public funders as short-term single projects considered in isolation from one another so that its overall outcomes are not quantitatively measured. As a result, the CSO’s overarching and long-term social and economic contribution to the territory’s public sphere is in jeopardy.

Patronage and Practice in British Oceanography

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-312
Author(s):  
Anna Carlsson-Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Physical Oceanography ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
American Physical ◽  
The Impact

The history of twentieth-century American physical oceanography concentrates on naval patronage, but its significance for British oceanography is largely unknown. This case study analyzes a varied patronage structure, including naval, industrial, academic, and local and central governmental support, for one site of British physical oceanography, the Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute and, in particular, its work on storm surges between 1919 and 1959. Storm surges, caused by wind and changes in barometric pressure, can produce dramatic changes in sea levels. The local shipping industry initially funded the Institute’s research on surge forecasting to improve the accuracy of tidal predictions. After a flood in 1928, however, the focus shifted to flood forecasting. Local government then backed their work, during the Second World War support came from the Royal Navy, and since a flood in 1953, from central government. This case study reveals the range of negotiations carried out between patrons and researchers, and demonstrates how researchers managed competing demands from academic interests and those of industry, the navy, and the government. Studying institutions that did not see a dramatic increase in state patronage during the early Cold War enables us to see the impact of patronage more clearly, highlighting how research interests and methods differed (or not) between institutions with different patronage structures.

scholarly journals Why can't every year be a National Year of Reading? An evaluation of the NYR in Yorkshire

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (104) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Carolynn Rankin ◽  
Avril Brock ◽  
Jackie Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Initial Results

An evaluation of the National Year of Reading in Yorkshire was conducted by Leeds Metropolitan University in response to a brief from Museums, Libraries and Archives, Yorkshire. This paper outlines the development and planning of phase one of this small scale qualitative research project and the analysis of the initial results which looks at the impact of NYR on the organisations that delivered the campaign and their work with target groups. The Generic Social Outcomes and the National Indicators were used to develop a theoretical framework. Data were gathered via in depth interviews and focus groups with NYR steering group partners in Calderdale and North Lincolnshire, selected as the two case study authorities. The use of MAXQDA computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) enabled data and coding structures to be stored and will facilitate comparison in this longitudinal study. This evaluation will provide material that local library authorities can use for advocacy with a range of audiences including local and central government.

scholarly journals Different Forms of Accommodation in Agritourism: The Role of Decoupled Farmer-Based Accommodation in the Ötztal Valley (Austria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rike Stotten ◽  
Michaela Maurer ◽  
Hannes Herrmann ◽  
Markus Schermer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Study Area ◽  
Agricultural Structure ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

The general decline of mountain farming all over Europe suggests encouraging farmers to adapt their farm management and to diversify their activities into tourism. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of different types of farmer-based provision of accommodation on the preservation of the farm and the identification of farmers with farming activities. For our investigation in the case study area of Ötztal valley, Tyrol, Austria, we applied a mixed method approach. First, we developed a heuristic concept for categorizing the types of farms that offer farmer-based accommodation. The term ‘farmer-based’ refers to entities who are active in accommodation services and farming. We collected quantitative data in an online survey and carried out a qualitative focus group. Results reveal the importance of farmer-based accommodation even if decoupled from farm activities within the case study area. This type also supports, next to the ‘authentic’ form of farm-based tourism, the existing agricultural structure and contributes to the positive impact of mountain farming such as for the maintenance of multifunctional cultural landscapes, the provision of ecosystem services, and the viability of rural communities. Therefore, we suggest considering decoupled forms of farmer-based accommodation as agritourism.

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