scholarly journals Technological Transformation Processes and Resistance—On the Conflict Potential of 5G Using the Example of 5G Network Expansion in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13550
Author(s):  
Corinna Jenal ◽  
Sven Endreß ◽  
Olaf Kühne ◽  
Caroline Zylka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Health Related

The expansion of fifth-generation wireless technology (5G) has been assigned the significance of a ‘key technology’ in connection with technological advances in the context of the digitalization of societies, which is a central goal of current governments in leading industrialized nations. As with other large-scale infrastructure projects such as the expansion of renewable energies as part of the energy transition in Germany, the plans for implementation are meeting with great resistance from the population, sometimes resulting in arson attacks on 5G transmission masts. Current research on 5G focuses primarily on technical­–economic, health-related and, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasingly conspiracy-theoretical aspects, while questions of acceptance or conflict potential have received little attention to date. This article aims to address this research gap and, on the basis of a conflict-theoretical perspective according to Dahrendorf combined with a socio-economic contextualization in the sense of Bourdieu, approaches the question of the extent to which social conflict has already progressed and what regulatory possibilities socio-economic contexts assume in terms of significance. For this purpose, about 70 identifiable internet presences of citizens’ initiatives against 5G were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated.

scholarly journals 5G Mobile Services and Scenarios: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousaf Zikria ◽  
Sung Kim ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Haoxiang Wang ◽  
Mubashir Rehmani
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Massive Number

The Fifth generation (5G) network is projected to support large amount of data traffic and massive number of wireless connections. Different data traffic has different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. 5G mobile network aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards (i.e., 2G/3G/4G) and be a prospective key enabler for future Internet of Things (IoT). 5G networks support a wide range of applications such as smart home, autonomous driving, drone operations, health and mission critical applications, Industrial IoT (IIoT), and entertainment and multimedia. Based on end users’ experience, several 5G services are categorized into immersive 5G services, intelligent 5G services, omnipresent 5G services, autonomous 5G services, and public 5G services. In this paper, we present a brief overview of 5G technical scenarios. We then provide a brief overview of accepted papers in our Special Issue on 5G mobile services and scenarios. Finally, we conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Examination of Construct Validity and Criterion-Related Validity of the German Motor Test in Egyptian Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8341
Author(s):  
Osama Abdelkarim ◽  
Julian Fritsch ◽  
Darko Jekauc ◽  
Klaus Bös
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Health Related

Physical fitness is an indicator for children’s public health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the construct validity and the criterion-related validity of the German motor test (GMT) in Egyptian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 931 children aged 6 to 11 years (age: 9.1 ± 1.7 years) with 484 (52%) males and 447 (48%) females in grades one to five in Assiut city. The children’s physical fitness data were collected using GMT. GMT is designed to measure five health-related physical fitness components including speed, strength, coordination, endurance, and flexibility of children aged 6 to 18 years. The anthropometric data were collected based on three indicators: body height, body weight, and BMI. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS AMOS 26.0 using full-information maximum likelihood. The results indicated an adequate fit (χ2 = 112.3, df = 20; p < 0.01; CFI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.07). The χ2-statistic showed significant results, and the values for CFI and RMSEA showed a good fit. All loadings of the manifest variables on the first-order latent factors as well as loadings of the first-order latent factors on the second-order superordinate factor were significant. The results also showed strong construct validity in the components of conditioning abilities and moderate construct validity in the components of coordinative abilities. GMT proved to be a valid method and could be widely used on large-scale studies for health-related fitness monitoring in the Egyptian population.

scholarly journals Measuring sleep regularity: Theoretical properties and practical usage of existing metrics

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Fischer ◽  
Elizabeth B Klerman ◽  
Andrew J K Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Regularity Index ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Phase Deviation ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Large Scale Simulations ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep regularity predicts many health-related outcomes. Currently, however, there is no systematic approach to measuring sleep regularity. Traditionally, metrics have assessed deviations in sleep patterns from an individual’s average. Traditional metrics include intra-individual standard deviation (StDev), Interdaily Stability (IS), and Social Jet Lag (SJL). Two metrics were recently proposed that instead measure variability between consecutive days: Composite Phase Deviation (CPD) and Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Using large-scale simulations, we investigated the theoretical properties of these five metrics. Methods Multiple sleep-wake patterns were systematically simulated, including variability in daily sleep timing and/or duration. Average estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for six scenarios that affect measurement of sleep regularity: ‘scrambling’ the order of days; daily vs. weekly variation; naps; awakenings; ‘all-nighters’; and length of study. Results SJL measured weekly but not daily changes. Scrambling did not affect StDev or IS, but did affect CPD and SRI; these metrics, therefore, measure sleep regularity on multi-day and day-to-day timescales, respectively. StDev and CPD did not capture sleep fragmentation. IS and SRI behaved similarly in response to naps and awakenings but differed markedly for all-nighters. StDev and IS required over a week of sleep-wake data for unbiased estimates, whereas CPD and SRI required larger sample sizes to detect group differences. Conclusions Deciding which sleep regularity metric is most appropriate for a given study depends on a combination of the type of data gathered, the study length and sample size, and which aspects of sleep regularity are most pertinent to the research question.

The three paradoxes of the energy transition - Assessing sustainability of large-scale solar photovoltaic through multi-level and multi-scalar perspective in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 125519
Author(s):  
Carole Brunet ◽  
Oumarou Savadogo ◽  
Pierre Baptiste ◽  
Michel A. Bouchard ◽  
Céline Cholez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Coopetitive Nature of Energy Communities—The Energy Transition Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Karolina Mucha-Kuś ◽  
Maciej Sołtysik ◽  
Krzysztof Zamasz ◽  
Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Self Sufficiency

The decentralization of the large-scale energy sector, its replacement with pro-ecological, dispersed production sources and building a citizen dimension of the energy sector are the directional objectives of the energy transformation in the European Union. Building energy self-sufficiency at a local level is possible, based on the so-called Energy Communities, which include energy clusters and energy cooperatives. Several dozen pilot projects for energy clusters have been implemented in Poland, while energy cooperatives, despite being legally sanctioned and potentially a simpler formula of operation, have not functioned in practice. This article presents the coopetitive nature of Energy Communities. The authors analysed the principles and benefits of creating Energy Communities from a regulatory and practical side. An important element of the analysis is to indicate the managerial, coopetitive nature of the strategies implemented within the Energy Communities. Their members, while operating in a competitive environment, simultaneously cooperate to achieve common benefits. On the basis of the actual data of recipients and producers, the results of simulations of benefits in the economic dimension will be presented, proving the thesis of the legitimacy of creating coopetitive structures of Energy Communities.

Territorial Governance of EU Cross-Border Renewable Energy Cooperation: A Soluble or Turbulent Model in the Current Framework?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Melis Aras
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Cross Border

The energy transition in Europe requires not only the implementation of technological innovations to reduce carbon emissions but also the decentralised extension of these innovations throughout the continent, as demonstrated by the ‘Clean Energy for All Europeans’ package. However, decentralised energy generation, and specifically electricity generation, as it gives rise to new players and interactions, also requires a review of the energy planning process. In this sense, governance becomes the key concept for understanding the implementation of the energy transition in a territory. This is particularly visible in a cross-border setting, especially considering cross-border cooperation in the development of renewable energy sources (RES) provides the necessary elements to determine the criteria of local regulation between the different levels of governance. In light of the current legal framework in France, this paper presents the institutional framework of the multi-level governance of the RES development planning process. It concludes that it is quite conceivable for the rationales of governance at the local level (decentralisation) and the large-scale operation of a large interconnected network (Europeanisation) to coexist.

MATCHING DIFFICULTIES: BELARUS IS PREPARING TO THE 5G NETWORKS DEPLOYMENT

LastMile ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ivashkin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Today, many countries around the world are actively building fifth generation mobile networks (5G/IMT-2020). The magazine Last Mile asked the director of the Republican unitary enterprise for supervision on telecommunications "BelGIE" of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter: State Enterprise "BelGIE") A.A. Ivashkin about the situation with the implementation of the 5G network in the Republic of Belarus.

scholarly journals Energy performance of 5G backhaul wireless network utilizing hybrid centric-distributed architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji ◽  
Hasan Shakir Majdi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Distributed Architecture ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network

<p>This paper scrutinizes the influence of deployment scenarios on the energy performance of fifth-generation (5G) network at various backhaul wireless frequency bands. An innovative network architecture, the hybrid centric-distributed, is employed and its energy efficiency (EE) model is analyzed. The obtained results confirm that the EE of the 5G network increases with an increasing number of small cells and degrades with an increasing frequency of wireless backhaul and radius of small cells regardless of the network architectures. Moreover, the hybrid centric-distributed architecture augments the EE when compared with the distributed architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Towards a hydrogen economy – a sustainable pathway for global energy transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scale Integration

Hydrogen is receiving increasing attention for achieving carbon abatement in various sectors, including transport, logistics, thermal engineering and industrial feedstock, etc. Hydrogen can also support distributed power supply that raises national energy security. Both commercial and industrial sectors share a common vision that increasing the cost-effectiveness of renewable hydrogen represents their strategic achievement towards substantial sustainability. This paper explains how hydrogen can play seven roles in the energy transition which include large-scale integration of renewable energy into the power grid, medium for storing and distributing energy across sectors and/or regions, a buffer to increase the electric system resilience and clean fuel for fuel cell vehicles to decarbonise transport. Besides, hydrogen can decarbonise building energy consumption and serve as feedstock using captured carbon. Power Assets Holdings Limited (PAH), a global investor in energy and utility-related business, has identified a hydrogen economy as a strategic vision in its business plan for zero carbon readiness in 2035 and a carbon-free business model in 2050. In this paper, the features and attributes of different hydrogen projects, such as H21 and InTEGRel in the UK and Hydrogen Park in South Australia, are discussed to demonstrate the commercial deployment of hydrogen power.

scholarly journals Seismic characterisation of carbonate platforms and reservoirs: an introduction and review

2021 ◽  
pp. SP509-2021-51
Author(s):  
J. Hendry ◽  
P. Burgess ◽  
D. Hunt ◽  
X. Janson ◽  
V. Zampetti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
Central Atlantic

AbstractImproved seismic data quality in the last 10–15 years, innovative use of seismic attribute combinations, extraction of geomorphological data, and new quantitative techniques, have significantly enhanced understanding of ancient carbonate platforms and processes. 3D data have become a fundamental toolkit for mapping carbonate depositional and diagenetic facies and associated flow units and barriers, giving a unique perspective how their relationships changed through time in response to tectonic, oceanographic and climatic forcing. Sophisticated predictions of lithology and porosity are being made from seismic data in reservoirs with good borehole log and core calibration for detailed integration with structural, paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic interpretations. Geologists can now characterise entire carbonate platform systems and their large-scale evolution in time and space, including systems with few outcrop analogues such as the Lower Cretaceous Central Atlantic “Pre-Salt” carbonates. The papers introduced in this review illustrate opportunities, workflows, and potential pitfalls of modern carbonate seismic interpretation. They demonstrate advances in knowledge of carbonate systems achieved when geologists and geophysicists collaborate and innovate to maximise the value of seismic data from acquisition, through processing to interpretation. Future trends and developments, including machine learning and the significance of the energy transition, are briefly discussed.

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