scholarly journals Cognitive Biases, Risk Perception, and Risky Driving Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Cornelia Măirean ◽  
Grigore M. Havârneanu ◽  
Danijela Barić ◽  
Corneliu Havârneanu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluated the relationship between drivers’ cognitive biases (i.e., optimism bias, illusion of control) and risky driving behaviour. It also investigated the mediational role of risk perception in the relationship between cognitive biases and self-reported risky driving. The sample included 366 drivers (Mage = 39.13, SD = 13.63 years) who completed scales measuring optimism bias, illusion of control, risk perception, and risky driving behaviour, as well as demographic information. The results showed that risky driving behaviour was negatively predicted by optimism bias and positively predicted by the illusion of control. Further, risk perception negatively correlated with risky behaviour and also mediated the relation between both optimism bias and illusion of control with risky driving. The practical implications of these results for traffic safety and future research are discussed.

Cognitive Biases, Risk Perception, and Individual's Decision to Start a New Venture

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Zaiane ◽  
Fatma Ben Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship of overconfidence and illusion of control towards the start of new venture, taking in consideration the mediating role of risk perception in the context of Tunisia. This article examines students' responses to surveys based on a teaching case titled “Optical Distortion, Inc.” The authors tested hypotheses by correlation and regression analysis. The results show that the perception towards risk associated with new venture plays an important role in decision-making. Moreover, they find that overconfidence and illusion of control reduce risk perception associated to the decision to start a venture. While overconfidence directly affects the decision to start a venture and indirectly through its effect on reducing the risk perception, illusion of control has neither a direct nor an indirect impact on that. These results partially confirm those of Simon show that the mediation exists but partially.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Risk Perception among Cognitive Biases towards Decision to Start a New Venture

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Maheen Butt ◽  
Nadia Jamil ◽  
Rabia Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Overconfidence Bias ◽  
The Relationship

The Objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of overconfidence bias and illusion of control bias towards the start of new venture, with the mediating role of risk perception in context of Pakistan. To understand the relationship, this study developed and tested hypothesis by correlation and regression analysis. This study’s sample consisted of 170 students pursuing a Masters of Business Administration. The students’ responses to a survey based on a case study regarding a decision to start a venture were examined. This study found illusion of control and risk perceptions have significant effect on decision to start new venture. Conversely, overconfidence bias has insignificant relationship with decision to start new venture. The positive and negative impact of biases and perceiving low levels of risk suggest the importance of exploring the area of venture formation. As this study has incorporated two biases but many other biases should also be considered that effect human decision making process like self-efficacy, availability heuristics, law of small numbers and escalation of commitment.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Altitude Environment on Driving Safety: A Study on Drivers’ Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, and Driving Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Wu Bo ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Pengzi Chu
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the effect of high-altitude environment on drivers’ mental workload (MW), situation awareness (SA), and driving behaviour (DB), and to explore the relationship among those driving performances. Based on a survey, the data of 356 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at Tibetan Plateau (high-altitude group) and 341 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at low altitudes (low-altitude group) were compared and analyzed. The results suggest that the differences between the two groups are noteworthy. Mental workload of high-altitude group is significantly higher than that of low-altitude group, and their situation awareness is lower significantly. The possibility of risky driving behaviours for high-altitude group, especially aggressive violations, is higher. For the high-altitude group, the increase of mental workload can lead to an increase on aggressive violations, and the situation understanding plays a full mediating effect between mental workload and aggressive violations. Measures aiming at the improvement of situation awareness and the reduction of mental workload can effectively reduce the driving risk from high-altitude environment for lowlanders.

The Effect of Risk Perception and Cognitive Biases on the Evaluation of Opportunity in Family and Non-Family Entrepreneurs: The Case of Tunisian Entrepreneurs

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najoua Dali ◽  
Sana Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structural Regression ◽  
Opportunity Evaluation ◽  
The Law

This study uses cognitive biases to examine opportunity evaluation among family and non-family entrepreneurs, and investigated the effect of risk perception in this type of entrepreneurs. The aim of this paper is to examine empirically if family entrepreneurs differ in terms of risk perception and opportunity evaluation from non-family entrepreneurs. We use a sample of 144 established businesses to run both test hypothesis and regression analysis. Our results indicate that there is no significant difference between the two categories of entrepreneurs. The structural regression analysis suggests that risk perception mediates opportunity evaluation and that (i) the belief in the law of small numbers and (ii) the illusion of control decreases risk perception among entrepreneurs when evaluating an opportunity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Risk Propensity, Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behaviour in an Emerging Market

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazelina Sahul Hamid ◽  
Gary John Rangel ◽  
Fauziah M. Taib ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports evidence to support a relationship between risk propensity, risk perception, and risk-taking behaviour of investors in an emerging market. Primary data were gathered using a validated structured questionnaire, which was self-administered by respondents: there were 162 investors from 8 stockbroking companies. A multiple regression was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the identified behavioural characteristics on investment decision. Risk propensity was found to be positively related to risk-taking behaviour whereas risk perception was negatively related to risk-taking behaviour. It was further found that risk perception partially mediates the effect of propensity to take risk. This suggests that the perceptual framing of a situational context in the investors’ thought processes reduces but it does not totally overwhelm the innate personality traits with respect to either the investor’s risk-seeking or risk-averseness. The tendency to engage in risky behaviour is more psychological in nature. The implications of the research are further explored.  

scholarly journals Analysis of driver behavior in Amman using Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khair Jadaan ◽  
Noor Albeetar ◽  
Dania Abuhalimeh ◽  
Yara Naji
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship

A key component in combating traffic accidents is to study the contributory factors behind them, among these factors, the driver behavior stands out as the main causative factor. One of the most effective tools used worldwide in measuring self-reported driving components is the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), it investigates the relationship between the driver and accidents involvement, throughout the analysis of both sociodemographic characteristics of drivers, and the risky driving components practiced such as; violations, errors and lapses. The present study investigates the factor structure of the DBQ and examines the relationships between the driver behavior factors and accident involvement. A survey questionnaire including the DBQ and background information was filled by a randomly selected sample of drivers in Amman, the capital of Jordan and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Driver behavior differed according to the gender, educational level and driving experience of the respondents. The results reflected the lifestyle, way of thinking and the general attitude of the driver and its relationship with traffic safety.

Reconsidering the “Conventional Wisdom” of the Relationship between False Alarms and Risk Beliefs

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1419-1423
Author(s):  
Daphne E. Whitmer ◽  
Bradford L. Schroeder ◽  
Shannon K.T. Bailey ◽  
Valerie K. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Risk Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Danger ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strong Agreement

The purpose of this research was to examine how false alarm experience of weather-related emergencies affects the relationship between perceived danger and desire for warnings. Participants reported how dangerous they perceived each event to be, whether they believed warnings should be distributed, whether they had experienced the event, and whether they had experienced a false alarm of the event. Participants indicated strong agreement for the desire for weather warnings. Although the literature implies that people who have experienced many false alarms may perceive that danger as less severe in the future due to the “crywolf effect,” our data suggest that people have a heightened risk perception and desire for warnings of those events. Because memories inform mental representations that guide decision-making in uncertain situations, it is imperative that future research continue to examine what people have stored in memory of false alarm experiences to settle debates in the contentious literature of false alarms and risk perception.

scholarly journals Analyzing Optimism Bias, Risk Perception and Behavioral Outcomes in the Context of COVID-19 in the Autonomous University of Queretaro’s Community: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar San Roman Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The coronavirus pandemic is a major health crisis that presents new and unprecedented challenges, including challenging how individuals deal with risk. Individuals’ perceptions and behavioral responses to the outbreak are essential determinants of the spread of COVID-19. Understanding individuals’ perceived risk provides insight into their engagement in preventive behavior. Optimism bias plays a significant role in the perceptions of those who underestimate their risk compared to others with similar risk. Objective: This pilot study aims to determine the level of optimism bias, risk perception and risk response for COVID-19 among a convenience sample from the UAQ community - and to analyze the relationship among behavioral outcomes and information seeking intentions with the previous indicators - in order to propose a model of behavior of residents of Queretaro that will be tested in a further study. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey designed on the Qualtrics platform. The survey was distributed to the UAQ community through an online platform: The Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro’s (UAQ) official Facebook page. Out of 1048 responses received, a total of 810 valid responses were included in the multivariate linear regression analyses to determine the relationship between optimism bias, risk perception, information seeking intentions, and behavioral outcomes. Results: Results showed that among this population, of which the majority had no previous conditions and did not contract COVID-19, there was a low level of optimism bias. The low levels of optimism bias are associated with a higher level of risk perception. These findings were also associated with high levels of information seeking intentions, specifically receiving information from relatives with public health or medical knowledge. The results show that among this population, fear was a significant determinant impacting safer decision-making and efforts to reduce exposure. Age and education of this population are also important factors to consider when analyzing the results of this study. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that decreased optimism bias is associated with increased risk perception which strengthens individuals’ motivation to take precautionary measures and preventive action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to expand on the theory and test the proposed model as well as inform policy decisions and public health campaigns to stop the spread of COVID-19.

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