scholarly journals The Economic and Environmental Impact of Greenhouse Heating Pipe Insulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Erdem Küçüktopcu ◽  
Bilal Cemek ◽  
Halis Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Oil Utilization ◽  
Pipe Insulation

This study aimed to determine the effect of optimum pipe insulation thickness on energy savings and air pollution under greenhouse conditions. In this regard, an optimization model based on a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis was carried out using the P1–P2 method. Three fuel types, coal, natural gas, and fuel oil, were tested with nominal pipe sizes ranging from 25 to 65 mm, and hot water was used in the system. Our findings showed that the highest insulation thickness (0.807 m), the greatest energy savings ($62.351/m), and the lowest payback period (0.502 years) were achieved with a 65 mm pipe size for fuel oil. Overall, the insulation minimizes heat loss through the heating pipelines, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. Fuel oil was determined as the best option for savings in this study. Hence, for fuel oil utilization, the emissions of CO2 varied from 2.762 to 3.798 kg/m and SO2 from 0.014 to 0.020 kg/m for pipe thicknesses ranging from 25 and 65 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Karabük İçin Dış Duvar Optimum Yalıtım Kalınlığının Enerji Tasarrufu Ve Hava Kirliliğine Etkileri / The Effect Of External Wall Optimum Insulation Thickness On Energy Saving And Air Pollution For Karabük

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Etem Gürel ◽  
Yusuf ÇAY ◽  
Ali DAŞDEMİR ◽  
Enver KÜÇÜKKÜLAHLI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Optimum Insulation Thickness

Bina dış duvarlarında yapılacak ısı yalıtım uygulamaları, yakıt tüketimini düşürerek ekonomik kazanç sağlamanın yanında, fosil kaynaklı yakıt kullanımından kaynaklanan ve hava kirliliğine neden olan emisyonların düşürülmesinde de son derece etkilidir. Bu çalışmada Karabük’te kömür ve doğalgaz kullanımında dış duvar optimum yalıtım kalınlığı tespitinin ekonomik ve çevresel analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ekonomik boyutu, yaşam döngüsü maliyet analizine (LCCA) dayanan P1-P2 yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, yakıt olarak kömür kullanıldığında optimum yalıtım kalınlığı ve enerji tasarrufunun sırasıyla 0.135 m ve 129.42 TL/m² olduğunu göstermiştir. Yakıt olarak doğalgaz kullanımında ise bu değerler sırasıyla 0.118 m ve 98.01 TL/m² olarak bulunmuştur. Optimum yalıtım kalınlığının hava kirliliğine olan etkileri incelendiğinde, yalıtımsız bina dış duvarında hesaplanan yıllık yakıt tüketimi, CO2 ve SO2 emisyonlarının yakıt tipine bağlı olarak optimum yalıtım kalınlığı noktasında %86’ya kadar azaldığı hesaplanmıştır. The Effect Of External Wall Optimum Insulation Thickness On Energy Saving And Air Pollution For Karabük Heat insulation applications carried out on external walls of building provides energy saving by decreasing fuel consumption and also quite important in decreasing emission which results from fossil-based fuel usage and causes air pollution. In this study, economic and environmental analyses were done for determination of external wall optimum thickness in using coal and natural gas usage in Karabük. Economic extent of the study was done with P1-P2 method which is based on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The results show that optimum insulation thickness and energy saving are 0.134 m and 117.14 TL/m² respectively when coal is used as a fuel. These values are 0.116 m and 88.39 TL/m² when natural gas is used as fuel. When the effects of optimum insulation thickness on air pollution are observed, CO2 and SO2 emissions calculated on external wall of uninsulated building decreased up to 85.4% at the point of optimum insulation thickness according to fuel type.

Optimizing thermal insulation of external building walls in different climate zones in Libya

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912098002
Author(s):  
Malik Elmzughi ◽  
Samah Alghoul ◽  
Mohamed Mashena
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Optimum Insulation Thickness

An efficient way to reduce the energy required for conditioning buildings and therefore to reduce CO2 emission is the use of proper thermal insulation in buildings’ external walls. This measure requires data from metrological stations that can be used in the optimization of the thermal insulation. The main objectives of this study are to construct thermal climatic zones for Libya and to specify the optimum insulation thickness for external walls for the different zones. This work is comprehensive as the metrological data from all existing 33 weather stations has been collected and used for identifying thermal zones. For the optimization of the construction of external walls, the most commonly used local wall structures are investigated: hollow concrete block, limestone block and hollow brick. In addition, four thermal insulation materials: extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, rock wool and foamed polyurethane are used with every wall type. Optimum insulation thickness, energy savings, energy cost and payback periods were estimated for the 33 locations using life cycle cost analysis. A map is constructed for the thermal zones based on degree-day values for the entire country. The results show that limestone blocks with expanded polystyrene insulation form the optimum wall construction as it provides the minimum total cost for all locations. Depending on the Degree-day values, the optimum insulation thickness varies between 5.4 and 15.3 cm across the country with energy saving varies between 28 and 178 $/m2. Using the optimum thickness, the average CO2 emissions can potentially be reduced by about 85%. Finally, a contour map represents the optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene is presented in this work.

scholarly journals Determination of optimum insulation thicknesses using economical analyse for exterior walls of buildings with different masses

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Kon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Optimum Insulation Thickness

In this study, five different cities were selected from the five climatic zones according to Turkish standard TS 825, and insulation thicknesses of exterior walls of sample buildings were calculated by using optimization. Vertical perforated bricks with density of 550 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 were chosen within the study content. Glass wool, expanded polystyrene (XPS), extruded polystyrene (EPS) were considered as insulation materials. Additionally, natural gas, coal, fuel oil and LPG were utilized as fuel for heating process while electricity was used for cooling.  Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and degree-day method were the approaches for optimum insulation thickness calculations. As a result, in case of usage vertical perforated bricks with density of 550 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 resulted different values in between 0.005-0.007 m (5-7 mm) in the optimum insulation thickness calculations under different insulation materials.  Minimum optimum insulation thickness was calculated in case XPS was preferred as insulation material, and the maximum one was calculated in case of using glass wool.

Determination of Optimum Insulation Thickness for Different Climatic Zones of Turkey

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Alpay Ku¨rekci ◽  
O¨zden Ag˘ra ◽  
O¨zlem Emanet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Optimum Insulation Thickness

Turkey has dynamic economic development and rapid population growth. It also has macro-economic and especially, monetary instability. The net effect of these factors is that Turkey’s energy demand has grown rapidly almost every year and is expected to continue growing. Since 1990, energy consumption has increased at an annual average rate of 4.3%. The energy consumption is distributed among four main sectors which are industrial, building (residential), transportation and agriculture. Approximately 33% of total energy consumption in Turkey is used by residential sector. This situation makes it more important to insulate buildings in our country where fuel prices are too high. Turkey is divided into four climatic zones depending on average temperature degree days of heating. In this study, the four different cities of Turkey, Izmir, Istanbul, Ankara and Erzurum are selected to determine the optimum insulation thickness of the external wall of buildings. Optimum insulation thickness for six different energy sources (Soma coal, natural gas, coal, LPG, fuel-oil, diesel fuel) and two different insulants (extruded polystyrene, rock wool) is calculated and compared to each other. In addition, by using life cycle cost analysis method. Pay back period is calculated for each zone.

scholarly journals Building Retrofit and Energy Conservation/Efficiency Review: A Techno-Environ-Economic Assessment of Heat Pump System Retrofit in Housing Stock

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mukhtar ◽  
Bismark Ameyaw ◽  
Nasser Yimen ◽  
Quixin Zhang ◽  
Olusola Bamisile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Air Conditioners

The world has not been able to achieve minimum greenhouse gas emissions in buildings’ energy consumptions because the energy and emissions optimization techniques have not been fully utilized. Thermal comfort is one of the most important issues for both residential and commercial buildings. Out of the 40% of global energy consumed by buildings, a large fraction is used to maintain their thermal comfort. In this study, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in building energy conservation and efficiency application is presented based on existing high-quality research papers. Additionally, the retrofit of the heating/cooling and hot water system for an entire community in Cyprus is presented. This study aims to analyze the technical and environmental benefits of replacing existing electric heaters for hot water with heat pump water heating systems and the use of heat pump air conditioners for thermal comfort in place of the existing ordinary air conditioners for space heating and cooling. One administrative building, 86 apartments (including residential and commercial) buildings, and a restaurant building is retrofitted, and the feasibility of the project is determined based on three economic indicators, namely; simple payback period (SPP), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). The electrical energy required by the hot water systems and the heating/cooling system is reduced by 263,564 kWh/yr and 144,825 kWh/yr, respectively. Additionally, the retrofit project will reduce Cyprus’ CO2 emission by 121,592.8 kg yearly. The SPP, IRR, and NPV for the project show that the retrofit is economically feasible.

scholarly journals Modelling Sustainable Industrial Symbiosis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Hafiz Haq ◽  
Petri Välisuo ◽  
Seppo Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Network Connections

Industrial symbiosis networks conventionally provide economic and environmental benefits to participating industries. However, most studies have failed to quantify waste management solutions and identify network connections in addition to methodological variation of assessments. This study provides a comprehensive model to conduct sustainable study of industrial symbiosis, which includes identification of network connections, life cycle assessment of materials, economic assessment, and environmental performance using standard guidelines from the literature. Additionally, a case study of industrial symbiosis network from Sodankylä region of Finland is implemented. Results projected an estimated life cycle cost of €115.20 million. The symbiotic environment would save €6.42 million in waste management cost to the business participants in addition to the projected environmental impact of 0.95 million tonne of CO2, 339.80 tonne of CH4, and 18.20 tonne of N2O. The potential of further cost saving with presented optimal assessment in the current architecture is forecast at €0.63 million every year.

scholarly journals Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
José Manuel Salmerón Lissen ◽  
Cristina Isabel Jareño Escudero ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
Miriam Navarro Escudero ◽  
Theoni Karlessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Cost

The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.

scholarly journals AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Didik Ariwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

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