scholarly journals Nutrient Analysis and Species Diversity of Alpine Grasslands: A Comparative Analysis of Less Studied Biodiversity Hotspots

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Susheel Verma ◽  
Renu Gupta ◽  
Masood Majaz Ganaie ◽  
Gaurav Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Nutrient Analysis

The alpine grasslands of Kashmir Himalaya act as a treasure house of floristic biodiversity. They have remained largely unstudied because of their remoteness and inaccessibility. It is imperative to have quantitative studies of these areas to allow the long-term monitoring of flora in these fragile ecosystems. During the present study, nutrient analysis and species diversity of some alpine grasslands were investigated. Electroconductivity (EC) of the soils ranged between 0.12 and 0.33 (dSm−1). With an increase in altitude and precipitation and a decrease in temperature, soil pH and available macro-nutrients (OC, N, P, K) show a considerable decrease. Sixty-six plant species belonging to twenty-nine families and fifty-one genera were reported with members predominantly from the Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae families. Seven species were common to all study areas and Renyi diversity profiles showed that Kongwattan was the most diverse followed by Poshpathri and Yousmarg. The results of the Sorensen β diversity index showed a relatively lower dissimilarity index among the three studied alpine sites. In the majority of the growth forms, growth initiation was recorded in April, whereas senescence occurred in September. The highest bloom was seen in June-July. The plant species exhibited a greater variability in their phenophases under different environmental conditions and altitudinal gradients. Plants were more vigorous at lower altitudes and showed rapid response to the prevailing conditions. Stoloniferous forbs and tussock forming graminoids such as Sibbaldia cuneata, Trifolium repens, Plantago major, Trifolium pratense, Poa compressa, Poa angustifolia, and Plantago lanceolata showed a greater importance value index (IVI). The sedentary system of livestock rearing at Yousmarg resulted in the decreased density of the palatable species. This study allowed us to conclude that direct knowledge of soil nutrient composition and species diversity in alpine ecosystems can enhance conservation and ensure better management practices over a period of time.

Plant Diversity and Vegetation Structure in Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) Dominated Forest of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Hari Shankar Lal ◽  
◽  
Sharmistha Ganguly ◽  
Kartik Pramanik ◽  
P.V. Prasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Shorea Robusta

The Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated forest vegetation of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, West Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India was explored to evaluate the diversity and vegetation structure through different phyto-sociological attributes. The knowledge of the structure and composition of the plant communities has enormous significance in conservation of managed forests, therefore, the plant species diversity, structure and importance value index (IVI) at various levels, viz., trees, shrubs and herbs were studied. A total of 153 plant species (66 trees, 30 shrubs and 57 herbs) belonging to 124 genera of 51 families were recorded from the 30 random plots marked for sampling within the sanctuary. The IVI was highest in Shorea robusta (40.87) and lowest in Syzygium salicifolium (1.08). Shannon-Weaver’s diversity index was recorded highest in herbaceous species (3.66) than in trees (3.08) and shrubs (2.66). Simpson’s index was highest in trees (0.106) than in shrubs (0.035) and herbs (0.028). Pielou’s index was found highest in herbs (0.064) than in shrubs (0.048) and trees (0.046) which was within the range reported for different Indian forests and also which indicates that the sanctuary exhibits species diverse forest. The result of plant species diversity and their quantitative features reveal that the overall community is heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Forest Range, Rajouri, J&K, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Jyoti Sharma ◽  
Anil K. Raina
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Woody Plant Species

Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Range of Rajouri Forest division, J&K, has been carried out by laying 50 quadrats (10m X 10m size) for trees and 100 quadrats (5m X 5m size) for shrubs. Various phytosociological parameters like frequency, density, abundance, importance value index IVI and diversity indices for trees and shrubs has been used to reveal the plant community structure of the area. The abundance to frequency ratio (A/F) for different species was determined to assess the distribution pattern of the species (regular <0.025, random 0.025-0.05 and contagious >0.05) which indicated the contagious distribution for all the species. Survey of the area revealed presence of 63 woody plant species from the study area comprising of 43 trees and 20 shrubs. Pinus roxburghii (IVI 49.7, Abundance 81.1) and Carissa opaca (IVI 81.12 abundance 7.05) have been recorded as the dominant tree and shrub, respectively, of the area. The computation of diversity indices showed that species richness and evenness i.e Shannon- Weiner’s, Margalef’s and Menhinick’s remained high for trees and low for shrubs. Simpson’s index of dominance was also high for trees. Species which needs priorities for conservation and protection and also required to be monitored have also been highlighted.

scholarly journals Komposisi Jenis, Struktur Komunitas, dan Keanekaragaman Mangrove Asosiasi Langge Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara-Provinsi Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Sukirman Rahim ◽  
Dewi Wahyuni K Baderan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Nypa Fruticans

Hutan mangrove Langge yang terdapat di Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara memiliki keunikan dari pola zonasi dan keanekaragaman jenis. Hal ini yang menjadikan hutan mangrove di kawasan tersebut sebagai objek wisata tracking mangrove yang dikenal dengan nama “mangrove in love. Hutan mangrove memiliki berbagai fungsi ekologis yang sangat kompleks yakni sebagai daerah pemijahan  (spawing ground), tempat asuhan (nursery ground), dan tempat mencari makan (feeding ground) biota laut yang beraneka jenis dan memiliki fungsi ekonomis diantaranya buah mangrove dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk kue dan sumber pangan alternatif pengganti beras. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis mangrove asosiasi; 2) untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dari hutan mangrove Langge; dan 3) nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode jalur berpetak (kombinasi plot dan transek). Jumlah spesies yang ditemukan akan dilihat untuk menjadi dasar penentuan komposisi jenis. Untuk pengkuran struktur komunitas mangrove dengan melakukan perhitungan terhadap Kerapatan Relatif (KR) dan Frekuensi Relatif (FR). Selanjutnya data yang didapatkan ditabulasikan untuk memperoleh nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Perhitungan keanekaragaman jenis menggunakan rumus (Sannon-wienner). Hasil penelitian menemukan 12 spesies tumbuhan mangrove asosiasi yakni Acanthus spinosus, Chromolaena odorata, Crassocephalum sp, Calotropis gigantean, Ipomea pes-caprae, Ricinus communis Excoecaria agallocha, Scaevola taccada, Spinifex littoreus, Terminalia catappa, Derris trifoliate dan Nypa fruticans. Struktur komunitas menunjukkan Chromolaena odorata memiliki nilai INP sebesar 33,2%, Kerapatan Relatif sebesar 24,91%, dan Frekuensi Relatif sebesar 8,33%.  Spesies dengan nilai INP terendah dimiliki oleh Nypa fruticans yaitu sebesar 9,14%, Kerapatan Relatif sebesar 0,81%, dan Frekuensi Relatif sebesar 8,33%. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) mangrove asosiasi sebesar 2,175 dan termasuk dalam kriteria tingkat keanekaragaman sedang. Data yang diperoleh ini dapat digunakan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Gorontalo Utara serta dapat menjadi database dalam usaha konservasi mangrove guna mengurangi efek pemanasan global.Langge mangrove forest located in the District of North Gorontalo District Orchid has a uniqueness of zoning patterns and keanekragaman types. This is what makes the mangrove forests in the region as a tourist attraction tracking mangrove known as the "mangrove in love. Mangrove forests have a variety of ecological functions is very complex which is a spawning area (spawing ground), point of care (nursery grounds), and foraging (feeding ground) various types of marine life and has the economic function of which pieces of mangrove can be processed into various products cake and alternative food sources instead of rice. This study aims to: 1) to determine the association of mangrove species composition; 2) to determine the community structure of mangrove forests Langge; and 3) the value of diversity index. The method used in this study is a terraced path method (combination of plots and transects). The composition of the types of views based on the number of species found. For sizing mangrove community structure by calculating the Relative Density (KR) and Relative Frequency (FR). Then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of twelve species of mangrove plants and the relative dominance (DR), then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of eight species of mangrove plants and the relative dominance (DR), then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of twelve species of mangrove plantsnamely Acanthus spinosus, Chromolaena odorata, Crassocephalum sp, Calotropis gigantean, Ipomea pes-caprae, Ricinus communis Excoecaria agallocha, Scaevola taccada, Spinifex littoreus, Terminalia catappa, Derris trifoliate dan Nypa fruticans. Community structure showed Chromolaena odorata has a value of IVI of 33,2%, amounting to 24,91% Relative Density and Relative Frequency of 8,33%. The species with the lowest IVI owned by Nypa fruticans that is equal to 9,14%, 0,81% Relative Density and Relative Frequency of 8,33%. Values Diversity Index (H ') at 2.175 and mangrove associates included in the criteria for a medium level of diversity. The data obtained can be used in the management of mangrove forests in North Gorontalo and can be a database of mangrove conservation efforts to reduce the effects of global warming.

scholarly journals The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽  
HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT ◽  
DENI ELFIATI ◽  
M. HABIBI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
North Sumatra

Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Hasibuan MH. 2019. The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 413-418. Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Indonesia. Currently, E. longifolia is being over-exploited due to its potential and popularity as herbal medicine and its high value in the market. Therefore, the study on the population structure of the species and habitat characterization is required to ensure successfulness of conservation of this species. The study was carried out in lowland forest, located in Limited Production Forest within the Register Number 40, situated administratively in Papaso Village, Sub-District of Batang Lubu Sutam-Padang Lawas, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Batang Lubu Sutam forest is known as a source of pasak bumi material in North Sumatra. Every year tons of pasak bumi are collected from this forest and exported to Malaysia and surrounding countries. Due to illegal harvesting for its roots, pasak bumi has been seriously depleted in some areas in Batang Lubu Sutam forest. Therefore, current data on its population are needed for conservation effort of Batang Lubu Sutam's pasak bumi. The objectives of this study were to assess the structure of forest where pasak bumi grows and to determine the correct management for sustainability the future stocks. Vegetation analysis was carried out purposively in four transect belts, each consisting of five quadrats or plots. The results showed that the Importance Value Index of pasak bumi at seedling, sapling, pole and tree stages was 21.26%, 9.147%, 0, and 0 respectively. The Shannon Diversity Index (H) ranged between 3.050 and 3.220 and was inside its common value distribution. The evenness index was high, more than 0.85, at all stages of plant growth. The disappearance of pasak bumi at pole and tree stages indicates threatening condition for the sustainability of pasak bumi in the study sites because of excessive harvesting.

scholarly journals KAJIAN EKOLOGI, KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN POTENSI POHON DI PEKARANGAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KEBAK, JUMANTONO, KARANGANYAR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Arief Susanto ◽  
Endang Setya Muliawati ◽  
Djoko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Canopy Area

<p><em>Homegarden is one alternative that multipurpose agricultural land to cope with reduced land resources. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the ecology, species diversity and potential of trees in the homegarden that is useful in further development. The research </em><em>had been </em><em>conducted </em><em>in </em><em>June</em><em> to August 2011 in the Kebak Village, Jumantono District, Karanganyar Regency</em><em> </em><em>with a </em><em>altitude of </em><em>330</em><em> meters above sea level and soil type alvisol. </em><em>This</em><em> experiment </em><em>used</em><em> survey methods with observation unit is divided into three categories based on the size of the homegarden: narrow (&lt;700 m<sup>2</sup>), medium (700-900 m<sup>2</sup>) and large (&gt; 900 m<sup>2</sup>). Observed variables include three aspects: biological variables (type and number of trees, tree height, trunk diameter and canopy area), physical variables (analysis of soil, microclimate homegarden, macroclimate and physiographic land) and analysis of the vegetation (density, frequency, dominance, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value index and the index of species diversity). Kebak village had been 40 species of trees are divided into fruit trees, timber, vegetable producers, growers and others. The results showed indicate that the type of fruit tree had the largest of 20 species by the reached 142 tree to rambutan tree. Spacious homegarden area had the highest type and number of trees as well as the highest species diversity index.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN SPESIES HERBA DAN KEMIRIPAN KOMUNITAS TUMBUHAN PADA DUA PERIODE PEMANTAUAN BERURUTAN DI AREA REKLAMASI PT ADARO INDONESIA, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Yoga Bayu Santoso ◽  
Mochamad Arief Soendjoto ◽  
Daniel Itta ◽  
Fazlul Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The development of herbaceous species according to the time of monitoring at certain sample locations in the PT Adaro Indonesia reclamation area has never been published. The purpose of the study was to compare the diversity of species and the similarity of plant communities growing in certain locations in two consecutive monitoring periods. Four locations that have been revegetated were sampled. At each location, 13 measuring plots (20 m x 20 m) were made and placed systematically. In each of these plots, 2 sub-plots (5 m x 5 m) were placed in 2 angles in opposite positions. From each sub-plot data in the form of herbaceous species names and number of individuals were collected. In one location, the number of plots changed because part of this location turned out to be active mining areas. The number of remaining plots (6 plots) was considered to not affect the results. Data is processed to obtain the density of each species at a certain location (Ki), the relative density of certain species (KRi), the frequency of each species at a certain location (Fi), the relative frequency of certain species (FRi), the importance value index (IVI), the index of species diversity Shannon-Wienner (H'), and the similarity index of the Dice community (IS). The number of species varies at each sample location and shows an increase from first monitoring to second monitoring. The species diversity index also increases. Community similarity index varies, both with calculations based on the presence or absence of species and based on the IVI. Both methods of calculation can be used but it is recommended to use calculations based on IVI.Keywords: Diversity, Monitoring period, Reclamation area, Similarity

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN BAWAH HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DI KABUPATEN BANJAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Dina Naemah ◽  
Normela Rachmawati ◽  
Eny Dwi Pujawati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Differences in plant species are determined by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors are influenced by humans, so if environmental factors change, it can cause the diversity of growing species to change. Some of the characteristics of peat swamp forest are that it is always wet, has a layer of peat and has a more distinctive plant species because the soil is acidic. This research was conducted in peat swamp forest in Banjar district. This study aims to analyze the structure, composition and diversity index of undergrowth species in peat swamp forests.This research uses the compartmental path method, then analyzed by calculating the INP (Importance Value Index) based on the values of density, frequency and dominance. The study also calculates its diversity index. The results showed 24 species of undergrowth from 14 families. The highest Importance Value index was Papisangan (Ludwigia octovalis) from the Ongraceae family of 41.537%. The distribution value of the species is Banta (Megathyrsus sp) with the density value per hectare is 15.432%, the frequency value of Megathyrsus sp is 14.061% and the largest species dominance value is L. octovalis which is 14.513%. The diversity index for undergrowth was 2.79, meaning that the vegetation in the peat swamp forest had moderate diversity

scholarly journals TIPE KOMUNITAS HUTAN LAHAN KERING DI HUTAN LINDUNG SENTAJO, KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI, RIAU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pebriandi ◽  
Omo Rusdiana ◽  
Muhammad Buce Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Evenness Index

Sentajo Protected Forest located in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. There is no information aboutvegetation diversity in this location. Therefore this study was conducted. This study aimed to determine the diversity ofvegetation, structure, and composition of each community in Sentajo Protected Forest. The study was conducted in AprilSeptember2016. A sampling design was determined using systematic sampling with random start. The sampling intensityused was 5%. The parameters measured in this study were the importance value index, similarity index betweencommunities, species diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, regeneration, as well as horizontal and verticalstructures. Based on the type of soil, elevation, and slope, 6 communities were grouped from the dense coverage area(forested). The results showed that the Sentajo Protected Forest had 424 flora consisted of 254 species, and 102 families.Sentajo Protected Forest had similarity index between 18 - 64%, species diversity index of 2.62 - 4.15, evenness index of0.59 - 0.86, dominance index of 0.02 - 0.08. The larger the diameter of the tree, the smaller the number of individuals.The stratification of the canopy had 5 layers of canopy. Sentajo Protected Forest regeneration was relatively good as thenumber of seedlings&gt; saplings&gt; mature trees.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI MANGROVE DI DESA DUSUN BESAR KECAMATAN PULAU MAYA KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cici Khairunnisa ◽  
Eddy Thamrin ◽  
Hari Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Species

The diversity of mangrove vegetation is a community that has different characteristics from other communities. Diversity is an important component in mangrove management, but so far the availability of data related to mangroves is still very minimal, including those related to the species diversity of mangrove forest vegetation in the region. This study aims to obtain data on species diversity of vegetation found in the mangrove forest area of Dusun Besar Village, Pulau Maya District, Kayong Utara Regency. Method used was a combination of path and plot method, and the determination of the location and research path location were carried out using purposive sampling. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the dominant vegetation species with the highest importance value index (INP) for seedlings, saplings and trees was the Avicennia marina, namely the INP value of seedlings 37.04%, the INP values of sapling 65.24%, and the value of INP a tree rate of 65. Based on the results of the most dominant analysis found the species of  Avicennia marina with a value of C = 0.03430 for seedling, C = 0.04729 for sapling, and C = 0.04736 for tree level. The diversity of mangrove forest vegetation species in Dusun Besar Village for seedlings, saplings and trees is low because it has an H 'value <1, and the abundance of mangrove vegetation species was not evenly distributed in each forest area because it only has an e value <1.Keywords: Dusun Besar Village, Mangrove Forest, Species Diversity

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