scholarly journals Food Waste Digestate-Based Biorefinery Approach for Rhamnolipids Production: A Techno-Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-253
Author(s):  
Raffel Dharma Patria ◽  
Jonathan WC Wong ◽  
Davidraj Johnravindar ◽  
Kristiadi Uisan ◽  
Rajat Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Payback Time

The present work evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a rhamnolipids production process that utilizes digestate from anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. Technical feasibility, profitability and extent of investment risks between fermenter scale and its operating strategy for rhamnolipids production was investigated in the present study. Three scenarios were generated and compared: production using a single large fermenter (Scenario I), using two small fermenters operated alternately (Scenario II) or simultaneously (Scenario III). It was found that all the scenarios were economically feasible, and Scenario III was the most profitable since it allowed the most optimum fermenter operation with utilization of multiple small-scale equipment to reduce the downtime of each equipment and increase the production capacity and overall productivity. It had the highest net present value, internal rate of return and shortest payback time at a discount rate of 7%. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to indicate how the variation in factors such as feedstock (digestate) cost, rhamnolipids selling price, extractant recyclability and process capacity influenced the process economics. The work provides important insights on techno-economic performance of a food waste digestate valorization process which would be useful to guide its sustainable scale-up.

scholarly journals Sustainable Second-Generation Bioethanol Production from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Domestic Food Waste Using Pichia anomala as Biocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ioanna Ntaikou ◽  
Georgia Antonopoulou ◽  
Gerasimos Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pichia Anomala ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Saccharification Efficiency ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Domestic Food

In the current study, a domestic food waste containing more than 50% of carbohydrates was assessed as feedstock to produce second-generation bioethanol. Aiming to the maximum exploitation of the carbohydrate fraction of the waste, its hydrolysis via cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymatic blends was investigated and the saccharification efficiency was assessed in each case. Fermentation experiments were performed using the non-conventional yeast Pichia anomala (Wickerhamomyces anomalus) under both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) modes to evaluate the conversion efficiencies and ethanol yields for different enzymatic loadings. It was shown that the fermentation efficiency of the yeast was not affected by the fermentation mode and was high for all handlings, reaching 83%, whereas the enzymatic blend containing the highest amount of both cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes led to almost complete liquefaction of the waste, resulting also in ethanol yields reaching 141.06 ± 6.81 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates). In the sequel, a scale-up fermentation experiment was performed with the highest loading of enzymes in SHF mode, from which the maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and the biomass yield, Yx/s, of the yeast from the hydrolyzed waste were estimated. The ethanol yields that were achieved were similar to those of the respective small scale experiments reaching 138.67 ± 5.69 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.01 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates).

scholarly journals Studi Kelayakan Ekonomis Rencana Pembangunan Pelabuhan Sungai Liong Desa Berancah Kabupaten Bengkalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nur Rahmani ◽  
Akmal Lazuardy
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The fish shelter port (TPI) is a need that needs to be prepared by local village officials and the government for every coastal village in Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted in the Berancah village of Bantan District. The analysis in this study describes the economic feasibility mathematically for the construction of a fish storage port (TPI) by calculating the cost ratio (B / C ratio) benefit analysis, payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return ( IRR). The results obtained from the NPV value (3,661,267,645), BCR value (0.943), IRR value of 10.01%, and PP are in the period of 30 years. Taken as a whole by standardizing the calculations, it can be concluded that the planned construction of a fish shelter in Berancah village is considered not economically feasible, but economic analysis is not merely a benchmark for feasibility, reviewed for the future many benefits will be received by the community around the location of the development plan so that it can improve the welfare of the community in Berancah village.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KRITERIA INVESTASI KONVENSIONAL DAN LINGKUNGAN PETERNAKAN BABI DI KOTA TOMOHON

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Franky N.S Oroh ◽  
S A.E Moningkey ◽  
I D.R Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Investment Plan ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTSTUDY OF CONVENTIONAL INVESTMENT CRITERIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL OF PIG FARMING IN TOMOHON CITY. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of conventional (private) and environment (externalities) investment criteria, which determine the extent of the economic feasibility of the externalities investment criteria taking into account the private costs (conventional costs) and externalities costs (environmental costs) in the pig farm agribusiness. This research was conducted in Tomohon, where the sample pig farms that have business scale criterion of <1,000, 1,000-5,000, and > 5,000 heads. The analysis used the analysis of investment criteria to look at the externalities economic feasibility of the pig farms, with the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). NPV of conventionally and externalities was greater than zero or positive, these results suggest that the companies have been conventionally sampled financially feasibility, as well as the investment plan of externalities. IRR conventional and externalities is greater than one, these results indicate that the samples with conventional and externalities investment companies are still profitable, especially if the investment is viewed in the environment, it would be beneficial as it will reduce the environmental impact. BC ratio values conventionally and externalities is greater than one, these results suggest that the externalities investment is feasible for conducting.Keywords :Economy, Environment, Pig Farms, Tomohon

scholarly journals Economical assessment of an investment related to the establishment of a new farrowing place and pig-rearing building

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Brigitta Zsótér ◽  
Ágnes Milojev
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
The Given

In our research work we aimed at carrying out an economical assessment of an investment and development of substantial volume. The examined project was completed at a pig-farm during which a new farrowing place and pig rearing building were built, as well as the renovation of the existing pig-farm. All of them were financed partly from the firm’s own source, partly from a non-repayable aid granted by the state, and finally from a credit granted by a commercial bank. The term of the credit is 10 years and the return of the investment expected by the investors is 8%, so we carried out our calculations according to these data. We examined the three possible ways of financing the investment from the economical point of view, as a result we proposed three hypotheses. Our hypotheses are: Hypothesis 1 (Case „A”): The investment will be financially recovered within the examined period of 10 years if it is financed from the firm’s own source, the state grant and the bank credit. Hypothesis 2 (Case „B”): The investment can be economically completed within the given period of time if the project meets the costs from the firm’s own source and the credit. Hypothesis 3 (Case „C”): The investment will be economically accomplished within the examined 10 years provided the firm finances the project from their own source and the state grant. In our calculations we used the net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR), the payback time (PB), the discounted payback time (DPB) and the profitability index (PI) as economy indicators. We carried out our calculations regarding 10 years to be able to compare the results since the term of the granted credit is 10 years, too.  

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Jamur Tiram (pleurotus ostreatus) Kasus: Petani Jamur Tiram di Desa Peguyangan Kaja Kecamatan Denpasar Utara

2019 ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
IDA BAGUS SAHADEWA ◽  
RATNA KOMALA DEWI ◽  
IDA AYU LISTIA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Village

Analysis of Oyster Mushroom (pleurotusostreatus)(The Case of Oyster Mushroom Farmers in Peguyangan KajaVillage,North Denpasar Sub-District)The development of oyster mushrooms (pleurotusostreatus) is enough to encouragemushroom farming in Indonesia. The same thing was done by the farmers ofPeguyanganKaja Village, North Denpasar Sub-District, who were involved in oystermushroom farming. This research was conducted in August 2017 through December2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of oyster mushroombusiness, analyzed using Net Present Value (NPV) investment criteria, Net benefit costratio (Net B / C), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Sensitivityanalysis and knowing the constraints experienced by farmers in cultivating oystermushrooms.Based on the research and the results of the analysis that has been done, the followingconclusion can be arrived at. Oyster Mushroom Farming with a capacity of 1.000,2.500, 3.000, 5.000 and 6.000 baglogs worthy of being farmed with an interest rate of12%, this is aimed at NPV> 0 (positive), Net B / C> 0 (positive), IRR> i that is 12%,and PP <Economic age of mushroom media (5 years) and, sensitivity analysis based onthe three sensitivity analyses, oyster mushroom farming at media mushroom capacity5,000 baglogs is not sensitive to, increases in operational costs, decreases in productionquantity and decreases the selling price of 10%. Constraints faced in the cultivation ofoyster mushrooms in the village of PeguyanganKaja, which is lowland, are that it isdifficult to obtain a level of humidity between 80% and 100%, which of course is easierto do if it is in the highland.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility study of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farming: nanobubble investment in increasing harvest productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Syifa Mauladani ◽  
Asri Ifani Rahmawati ◽  
Muhammad Fahrurrozi Absirin ◽  
Rizki Nugraha Saputra ◽  
Aprian Fajar Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared at 400 shrimp/m2 in 56 days of culture. The experimental design was set in an 800 m2 HDPE pond installed with nanobubble and non-nanobubble. Shrimp survival and total harvest in nanobubble treatment was increased to 92% and 2,255 kg, respectively. Economic parameters calculated in this study were Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), Break Even Point (BEP), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Sensitivity Analysis (SA). The total investment required to run this farming practice is IDR 182,887,700. Total revenue per cycle is estimated at IDR 157,850,000 with the selling price of IDR 70,000/kg of shrimp. The estimated PP is 4 cycles, with an NPV of IDR 172,329,247 projected in 10 cycles. IRR is estimated at 18% and BEP is reached after 7,058 kg production of shrimp. B/C Ratio is estimated to be 1.26 and SA showed that productivity is the most affecting parameters in the present analysis. Based on the economic study, vannamei shrimp farming associated with nanobubble system is feasible to be realized.

scholarly journals Impact of Module Degradation on the Viability of On-Grid Photovoltaic Systems in Mediterranean Climate: The Case of Shymkent Airport

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Zhalgas Smagulov ◽  
Adil Anapiya ◽  
Dinara Dikhanbayeva ◽  
Luis Rojas-Solorzano
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Expected Performance

This paper presents the techno-economic feasibility analysis of an on-grid Photovoltaic Solar System (PVSS) subject to Mediterranean climate aging effects. The PVSS under study is considered installed on the roof of Shymkent airport, located in southern Kazakhstan. A PVSS performance degradation rate of 1.48%-per-annun was considered according to the Mediterranean climate prevailing in the location. A 25-year life-cycle cost analysis comparing the rated vs. de-rated on-grid PVSS led to a positive Net Present Value (NPV), a less than 9-year equity payback, and favorable internal rate of return (IRR) and Benefit-to-Cost (B-C) ratio in both conditions. However, the de-rated PVSS system underperformed in 16.2%, 43.5% and 20% the IRR, NPV and B-C ratio, respectively. The analysis demonstrates that despite the expected performance degradation associated to climatic aging, a convenient feed-in tariff (FIT) and attractive financial conditions, such as those present in Kazakhstan, conform a robust setting to promote on-grid PVSS in the country.

scholarly journals Study on the Investment Feasibility of the Fishing Boat Considering the Local Wisdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Syamsul Alam Muchlis ◽  
Suandar Baso ◽  
Sitti Chairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Ship Operation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Indonesia Government through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is holding a fishery boat procurement assistance program of gross tonnage (GT) 5 to 30. In order to be effective investment for the program, a comprehensive study on fishing boat is emphasized to be carried out. This study aims to determine the investment components of a fishing boat with GT of 12, 21 and 30 based on the consideration of the local content, determine the feasibility of fishing boats investment including the local content aspect, and determine the weight of local content for the investment of fishing boat. The investment feasibilty was analysed by using Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). In the present results, the three fishing boat sizes of GT 12, 21, and 30 were economic feasibility and suitable in order to support the welfare of fishermen in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The NPV and IRR within 10 years for the fishing boat size of GT 12 are approximately 823 million rupiahs and 77% respectively, 988 million rupiahs and IRR of 54% for GT 21, and 979 million rupiahs and 38% for GT 29. The weight of the local content aspect contributes in average of 81.47% on the investment of the fishing boat wherein the local content includes boat hull buliding, fishing equipment, and labor cost. In addition, the weight of the local content aspect for ship operation is average of 61.88% wherein the local content includes fishermen salary and fishing aggregating device.

scholarly journals A Novel 10 kW Vertical Axis Wind Tree Design: Economic Feasibility Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12720
Author(s):  
Duong Minh Ngoc ◽  
Kuaanan Techato ◽  
Le Duc Niem ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Nguyen Van Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity

A novel, small-scale vertical axis wind turbine tree was designed using turbines combining both Darrieus and Savonius blades. We tested for economic viability using wind data collected at a site in Surat Thani, Thailand. The Weibull distribution and Monte Carlo modeling with financial indices (Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Simple Payback Period (SPP)) were used to analyze data. We found that monthly mean wind speeds varied from 2.35 m/s in October to 2.84 m/s in February, corresponding to a wind power of 28.43 W/m2 and 42.68 W/m2. The average annual power output was 1446.1 kWh for May 2019 to April 2021. Results show that for turbine cut-in to cut-out speeds (2 m/s to 15 m/s), the prototype has potential economic feasibility (NPV > 0 for 64.93%), although the small capacity of the wind tree, in combination with the low average wind speed at the Surat Thani test site, showed a lack of economic viability at this specific location (NPV = USD − 20,946.29). A higher-wind-speed location (Chiang Mai) showed viability, especially at a 10 m height (NPV > 0 for 84.83%). We discuss potential conditions that would make broader use of the prototype feasible.

scholarly journals Economic Studies on the Production of Fruit Juice from a Locally Sourced Fruit ‘African Star Apple’

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Oseni Kadiri ◽  
John Temitope Kolawole ◽  
Babatunde Olawoye ◽  
Alasa Paul Kadiri
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Production Schedule ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Plant Capacity

The economic evaluation for the production of fruit juice from the Africa star apple otherwise known as ‘Agbalumo’ in the south western part of Nigeria was evaluated using the NPV (Net Present value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) methods assuming a uniform cash flow over a 10-year plant life. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the number of production days (330, 300 and 250 days) at 100% plant capacity and varying the plant capacity (100, 85 and 70%) for a 330-day production schedule. Some components of the operating cost reduced with number of days and plant capacities. The production cost and product cost per unit increased with either plant capacity utilization or the number of days. It was observed that product cost/ 500ml Tetra Pak of Agbalumo juice at 85% and 70% stood at ₦37.48 while payback time/profitability percent had better index at 300 and 250 days compared to 330 days of plant operation. The results further indicated that the plant should not be operated for less than 250 days and plant capacity utilization of 70% in the year. Flexibility in the plant capacity utilization in the range of 70%-85% for 330 days shows a good economic performance as well as result of the NPV and IRR for this operating condition.

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