scholarly journals Electromagnetic Safety of Remote Communication Devices—Videoconference

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Artur Przybysz ◽  
Krystian Grzesiak ◽  
Ireneusz Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Radio Receivers ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Audio Data

Devices powered by electricity become sources of electromagnetic emissions in the course of their operation. In the case of devices oriented to process information, these emissions can have a character of revealing emissions, i.e., those whose reception and analysis allow for remote reconstruction of related data. The best known example of this phenomenon is the formation of revealing emissions during the operation of imaging devices: monitors, projectors or printers. Increasingly more often, these components are used for communication in the form of videoconferences with other network users. The article presents the result of tests and analyses of threats related to the use of such solutions (monitors, personal computers, VoIP terminals) for the confidentiality of conversations and the data presented during them. The focus is on video signals; however, the potential possibilities of revealing speech signals were also indicated. Such phenomenon causes a huge threat to data confidentiality because the combination of graphics and sound can undoubtedly contain much more information about the protected data than just graphics or sound separately. The presented results of analyses apply to graphic data, possibilities of non-invasive acquisition of such data, similarity of images and of patterns and reconstructed image and image recognition. The results indicate that there is still a risk of loss of data confidentiality due to a phenomenon of an electromagnetic leakage, and specialized instrumentation is not required for its interception under favorable circumstances. This may particularly apply to audio data that may be accidentally received by home radio receivers. In particular, the presented results of analyses apply to a Special Issue of Symmetry which is characterized by security and privacy in communication systems and networks, signal processing, video and image processing, multimedia communications and electromagnetic compatibility. All these scientific and technical areas have either symmetrical or asymmetrical approaches, and they have to be taken into consideration as a whole in order to choose the best combinations to protect processed information.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Parameters of Land Mobile Service Units Necessary for EMC Analysis in Shared Frequency Bands: Analytical Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
B. Antipin ◽  
E. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Land Mobile Service ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Radio Receivers ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Basic Parameters

The analysis of frequency bands allocated among radio services in the Table of frequency allocations reveals that every band is utilized by several different radio services. The sharing of frequency bands by radio services requires that electromagnetic compatibility of the radio electronic equipment belonging to these services shouldbe ensured. Currently there is a rapid development of land mobile radio communication systems. There are concidered the basic parameters of radio transmitters and radio receivers belonging to ATP systems, which are necessary for the electromagnetic compatibility analyzing of such systems between themselves and with other systems sharing a certain frequency band. We can observe ways of using some characteristics.

EXPERIENCES, FRUSTRATIONS, AND BARRIERS, OF IPAD USAGE IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION: LIFE SKILLS CLASSROOM FROM EDUCATORS PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
D. J. Sullivan ◽  
S. Labby ◽  
A. Koptelov ◽  
S. L. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Special Educator ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Communication Devices

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the barriers that special educator teachers encounter when using iPads within the Life Skills classroom. The research investigates the experiences, frustrations, and barriers through educators’ perceptions of iPad implementation. The influence of these issues suggests why iPad usage is not a device that special education classrooms are using in a widespread daily manner. Exploration of iPads as an educational tool and as a communication device is also discussed, along with considerations of other communications systems such as Picture Exchange Communication Systems and Alternative and Augmented Communication Devices is considered. Recommendations for further possible research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Aircraft Power Electronics Processing on Backup VHF Radio Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Jan Leuchter ◽  
Radim Bloudicek ◽  
Jan Boril ◽  
Josef Bajer ◽  
Erik Blasch
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Switching Power ◽  
Radio Systems ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes the influence of power electronics, energy processing, and emergency radio systems (ERS) immunity testing on onboard aircraft equipment and ground stations providing air traffic services. The implementation of next-generation power electronics introduces potential hazards for the safety and reliability of aircraft systems, especially the interferences from power electronics with high-power processing. The paper focuses on clearly identifying, experimentally verifying, and quantifiably measuring the effects of power electronics processing using switching modes versus the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of emergency radio systems with electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be very critical when switching power radios utilize backup receivers, which are used as aircraft backup systems or airport last-resort systems. The switching power electronics process produces interfering electromagnetic energy to create problems with onboard aircraft radios or instrument landing system (ILS) avionics services. Analyses demonstrate significant threats and risks resulting from interferences between radio and power electronics in airborne systems. Results demonstrate the impact of interferences on intermediate-frequency processing, namely, for very high frequency (VHF) radios. The paper also describes the methodology of testing radio immunity against both weak and strong signals in accordance with recent aviation standards and guidance for military radio communication systems in the VHF band.

scholarly journals Critical Review of EMC Standards for the Measurement of Radiated Electromagnetic Emissions from Transit Line and Rolling Stock

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariscotti
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions

Accurate and comprehensive methods for the assessment of radiated electromagnetic emissions in modern electric transportation systems are a necessity. The characteristics and susceptibility of modern victim signaling and communication radio services, operating within and outside the right-of-way, require an update of the measurement methods integrating or replacing the swept frequency technique with time domain approaches. Applicable standards are the EN 50121 (equivalent to the IEC 62236) and Urban Mass Transport Association (UMTA) with additional specifications from project contracts. This work discusses the standardized methods and settings, and the representative operating conditions, highlighting areas where improvements are possible and opportune (statistical characterization of measurement results, identification and distinction of emissions and line resonances, and narrowband and broadband phenomena). In particular for the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) assessment with new Digital Communication Systems, the characterization of time distribution of spectral properties is discussed, e.g., by means of Amplitude Probability Distribution and including time distribution information. The problem of determination of site and setup uncertainty and repeatability is also discussed, observing on one hand the lack of clear indications in standards and, on the other hand, the non-ideality and intrinsic variability of measurement conditions (e.g., rolling stock operating conditions, synchronization issues, and electric arc intermittence).

Radio Frequency Support for Space Systems Based on Multi-Satellite Constellations Taking into Account the ITU-R Requirements and the WRC-19 Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
А. А. Talanov ◽  
◽  
S. А. Fedotov ◽  
А. М. Stepanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Satellite Constellations ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum

Deployment of space systems based on multi-satellite constellations to provide broadband Internet access and communication services acutely raises the question of their radio frequency support including issues of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between competing space systems using multi-satellite constellations (StarLink, OneWeb, Kuiper, etc.), their EMC with traditional space systems (satellite communication systems that employ spacecraft in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits, space systems of other services), as well as regulatory issues of entering into service and staged deployment of space systems. The article formulates the problematic issues of radio frequency support of modern space systems taking into account the trends of satellite constellations deployment and proposes the solutions with consideration to international and national requirements in the regulation of radio frequency spectrum including the ITU requirements and the requirements of Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies. The paper shows the ways to share the radio frequency spectrum to meet new requirements of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19).

scholarly journals Adaptive algorithm based on antenna arrays for radio communication systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Fedosov ◽  
Andrey Legin ◽  
Anna Lomakina
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Adaptive Antenna ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Multiple Input

Trends in the modern world increasingly lead to the growing popularity of wireless technologies. This is possible due to the rapid development of mobile communications, the Internet gaining high popularity, using wireless networks at enterprises, offices, buildings, etc. It requires advanced network technologies with high throughput capacity to meet the needs of users. To date, a popular destination is the development of spatial signal processing techniques allowing to increase spatial bandwidth of communication channels. The most popular method is spatial coding MIMO to increase data transmission speed which is carried out due to several spatial streams emitted by several antennas. Another advantage of this technology is the bandwidth increase to be achieved without expanding the specified frequency range. Spatial coding methods are even more attractive due to a limited frequency resource. Currently, there is an increasing use of wireless communications (for example, WiFi and WiMAX) in information transmission networks. One of the main problems of evolving wireless systems is the need to increase bandwidth and improve the quality of service (reducing the error probability). Bandwidth can be increased by expanding the bandwidth or increasing the radiated power. Nevertheless, the application of these methods has some drawbacks, due to the requirements of biological protection and electromagnetic compatibility, the increase of power and the expansion of the frequency band is limited. This problem is especially relevant in mobile (cellular) communication systems and wireless networks operating in difficult signal propagation conditions. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to use adaptive antenna arrays with weakly correlated antenna elements. Communication systems using such antennas are called MIMO systems (Multiple Input Multiple Output multiple input - multiple outputs). At the moment, existing MIMO-idea implementations do not always noticeably accelerate traffic at short distances from the access point, but, they are very effective at long distances. The MIMO principle allows reducing the number of errors in radio data interchange (BER) without reducing the transmission rate under conditions of multiple signal re-reflections. The work aims at developing an adaptive space-time signal algorithm for a wireless data transmission system designed to improve the efficiency of this system, as well as to study the efficiency of the algorithm to minimizing the error bit probability and maximizing the channel capacity.

scholarly journals Microwave Bandpass Filter Integrated with Notch Response for Wide-band Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Mussa Mabrok ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Nurhana Abu Hussin ◽  
Mohamad Ariffin Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Design System ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Notch Band ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Advance Design System ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents the design of wide-band bandpass filter using microstrip structure at 3-6GHz with fractional bandwidth of 66.67% based upon short-circuited stubs structure of 5th degree. In order to avoid the interference from existing system that operates in the frequency band, the folded stepped impedance resonator (SIR) was introduced to generate a narrow notch band at 5.2GHz. Pin diode is employ as switching mechanism for the notch response. This design is simulated by Advance Design System (ADS) software and using Roger Duroid 4350B with a dielectric constant of 3.48, substrate thickness 0.508mm and loss tangent 0.0019.The achieved return loss is better than 15dB and insertion loss is less than 1dB.The designed filter can be used in microwave communication systems such as wireless communication devices and military applications (radar system).

Prospects for the Application of the Global High-speed, Low Latency Broadband Satellite Internet in the Field of Road Transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Soltus ◽  
◽  
Maksym Rud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Current State

The article examines the problems of navigation and communication with the use of satellite technologies in road transport in the context of the growth of globalization processes in the world economy and the transformations of freight transport technologies caused by a large-scale transition to transport with zero emissions and the development of unmanned vehicles. The paper discusses the principles of building a global high-speed broadband satellite Internet with low latency. Potential capabilities of technologies such as digital antenna arrays and laser communication channels used in such systems are analyzed. Also considered are the existing and potential problems, both technical with electromagnetic compatibility with existing satellite communication systems and between systems under construction or planning, and legal caused by changes in the principles of information transfer at the interstate level. The main players in the emerging market of high-speed satellite communications are considered and the parameters of the systems declared by them are described. The comparison of the current state of building satellite constellations of individual projects is carried out and the ability to implement the announced plans by individual companies is analyzed. The disadvantages that create obstacles for the introduction of high-speed satellite communications in road transport at the moment and the directions of their overcoming are highlighted. Considering the potential of satellite Internet systems, the current state of construction, as well as existing technical and legal restrictions, the introduction of reliable satellite communications will significantly speed up the transition to autonomous unmanned vehicles. In this regard, the most successful opportunities for the new communication technology will be able to realize the transport companies, which will simultaneously update the fleet of vehicles towards zero emissions and with unmanned technologies.

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