scholarly journals Is Face Age Mapped Asymmetrically onto Space? Insights from a SNARC-like Task

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Mario Dalmaso ◽  
Michele Vicovaro
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Face Stimulus ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
The Right

The magnitude associated with a stimulus can be spatially connoted, with relatively smaller and larger magnitudes that would be represented on the left and on the right side of space, respectively. According to recent evidence, this space–magnitude association could reflect specific brain asymmetries. In this study, we explored whether such an association can also emerge for face age, assuming that responders should represent relatively younger and older adult faces on the left and on the right, respectively. A sample of young adults performed a speeded binary classification task aimed at categorising the age of a centrally placed adult face stimulus as either younger or older than the age of a reference face. A left-side and a right-side response key were used to collect manual responses. Overall, older faces were categorised faster than younger faces, and response latencies decreased with the absolute difference between the age of the target stimulus and the age of the reference, in line with a distance effect. However, no evidence of a left-to-right spatial representation of face age emerged. Taken together, these results suggest that face age is mapped onto space differently from other magnitudes.

Aesthetic Preference and Lateral Dominance

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Valentino ◽  
James W. Brown ◽  
W. A. Cronan-Hillix
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Mode ◽  
Psychology Student ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Student Subjects ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

Aesthetic preferences for photographs with the main focal content either to the left or right of the photograph's center were examined in right- and left-handed subjects. Verbal responses or manual responses were required. In one experiment with 261 introductory psychology student-subjects, left-handers more often preferred photographs with the more important part on the left (“left-geared”) than did right-handers. Exp. 2, involving 84 right-handed student subjects, showed that left-geared photographs presented on the left side were preferred more often than left-geared photographs presented on the right side, and left-geared photographs presented on the left side were more often chosen when a left-handed manual response was required. Interactions between handedness, position of the stimulus, language hemisphere, and response mode make it extremely difficult to ascertain whether the right hemisphere is really more involved in aesthetic decisions.

scholarly journals Nursing process applied to an older adult with periprosthetic fracture on the right hip

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaí Arturo Medina Fernández ◽  
Perla Noemi Polanco Tinal ◽  
Reyna Torres Obregón ◽  
Sandra Cecilia Esparza González
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Periprosthetic Fracture ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
The Right

<p class="p1"><strong>Introducción: </strong>La fractura periprotésica es una complicación poco frecuente en adultos mayores de las artroplastias totales y revisión de cadera. Objetivo: Brindar cuidado integral mediante el proceso de atención de enfermería a un adulto mayor con fractura periprotésica de cadera derecha. <strong>Metodología: </strong>Proceso de atención de enfermería realizado en el área de reconstrucción articular de un hospital de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México, México; se aplicó una valoración con base a los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon y valoración geriátrica integral, se extrajeron datos del expediente clínico electrónico. Se aplicó el proceso de enfermería a los tres diagnósticos prioritarios según las taxonomías NANDA, NIC y NOC. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Durante la hospitalización, los principales diagnósticos enfermeros identificados fue dolor agudo, deterioro de la movilidad física y riesgo de disfunción neurovascular periférica, las intervenciones de enfermería fueron dirigidas al control de inmovilidad, actividad y ejercicio, así como manejo del dolor, precauciones en el embolismo y monitorización de extremidades inferiores. <strong>Conclusión: </strong>durante el periodo de intervención el adulto mayor tuvo una mejoría lenta, sin embargo, no se observaron cambios en la priorización de diagnósticos de enfermería.</p>

scholarly journals From Which Direction Does the Empire Strike (Back)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Theresa Halicki ◽  
Moritz Ingendahl ◽  
Maren Mayer ◽  
Melvin John ◽  
Marcel Raphael Schreiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Attack And Defense

In cultures with left-right-script, agentic behavior is mentally represented as following a left-to-right trajectory, an effect referred to as the Spatial Agency Bias (SAB, Suitner and Maass, 2016). In this research, we investigated whether spatial representations of activities are universal across activities by analyzing the opposite concepts of “attack” and “defense”. Both behaviors involve similar actions (e.g., fighting) but may differ in perceived agency. Moreover “defense” is necessarily always a response to an attack and may therefore be represented by a trajectory in the opposite direction. Two studies found the classic SAB for activities representing attacking but a reduction (Study 1) and reversal (Study 2) for activities involving defense. Although the spatial representation of defense on the right was much weaker and less unequivocal than that of attack on the left, the results suggest that the spatial representations of defense and attack are located in different positions. Apparently not all actors and all activities are spatially represented on the left with a left-to-right trajectory but position and direction depend on the perceived agency. Directions for future research and applications of our findings are discussed.

Tap and Swipe Activity Zones on Smartphones for Novice Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Paula Alexandra Silva ◽  
Roxanne Leitão ◽  
Maureen K Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Tactile Interaction ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
The Right

This article investigates tactile interaction on smartphones with adults aged 65 or older who were considered to have a novice level of skill with technology. Two experiments with two different groups of 40 Portuguese adults adds empirical evidence to the field and shows that older adult performance for tapping is best toward the center, right edge, and bottom right corner of the smartphone display. Results also show that a participant's performance of horizontal swipes is better with targets toward the bottom half of the display, while participant's performance of vertical swipes is better with targets toward the right half of the display. This article contributes to the body of research on the design of user interfaces for smartphones and mobile applications targeted at older adults, as well as providing practical information for designers and practitioners developing products that are more universally accessible.

Backward Contralateral Masking by Light and by Random Pattern

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Bart Jarvis ◽  
Julia Vormbrock ◽  
Dennis P. Saccuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Pattern Mask ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contralateral Masking

Letter-stimuli as targets were presented to the right or left visual fields and followed either by a flash of light or by a flash of light plus a patterned mask. The patterned mask always appeared in the opposite visual field of the letter targets. Analysis showed that masking occurred for both types of masks but that subjects produced more errors at each of five intervals between onset of the target and onset of the mask for the flash of light plus a patterned mask in the opposite visual field than for the flash of light alone. A pattern mask, when presented to the opposite visual field of a target stimulus, interferes with target processing at short target-mask intervals. These findings suggest that central backward masking may involve target-mask interactions beyond the visual cortex (Area 17).

scholarly journals Conceptual metaphorical mapping in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph D Dahl ◽  
Ikuma Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metaphorical Mapping

Conceptual metaphors are linguistic constructions. Such a metaphor is humans’ mental representation of social rank as a pyramidal-like structure. High-ranked individuals are represented in higher positions than low-ranked individuals. We show that conceptual metaphorical mapping between social rank and the representational domain exists in our closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees. Chimpanzee participants were requested to discriminate face identities in a vertical arrangement. We found a modulation of response latencies by the rank of the presented individual and the position on the display: a high-ranked individual presented in the higher and a low-ranked individual in the lower position led to quicker identity discrimination than a high-ranked individual in the lower and a low-ranked individual in the higher position. Such a spatial representation of dominance hierarchy in chimpanzees suggests that a natural tendency to systematically map an abstract dimension exists in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.

scholarly journals Transcranial Sonographic Assessment of the Third Ventricle in Neuro-ICU Patients to Detect Hydrocephalus: A Diagnostic Reliability Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy WIDEHEM ◽  
Paul Bory ◽  
Frederic Greco ◽  
Frederique Pavillard ◽  
Kevin Challard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND: Transcranial sonography is a point of care tool recommended in intensive care units (ICU) to monitor brain injured patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility and reliability of the third ventricle (V3) diameter measurement using transcranial sonography (TCS) compared to brain computedtomography (CT), the gold standard measurement, and to measure the TCS learning curve. METHODS: prospective study, in a 16-bed neurological ICU in an academic hospital. We included consecutive brain injured adult patient, who required a brain CT and TCS monitoring. V3 diameter was blindly measured by TCS and CT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: V3 diameter measured by TCS and CT: Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess the reliability and agreement between V3 measurements. Diagnosis performance of the V3 diameter using TCS to detect hydrocephalus was measured. Absolute difference between V3 measurement by residents and experts was measured consecutively to assess the learning curve. RESULTS: Among the 100 patients included in the study, V3 diameter could be assessed in 87 patients from at least one side of the skull. Both temporal windows were available in 70 patients. The ICC between V3 diameter measured by TCS and CT was 0.90 [95% Confidence-Interval 0.84-0.93] on the right side, and 0.92 [0.880.95] on the left side. In Bland-Altman analysis, mean difference, standard deviation, 95% limits of agreement were 0.36, 1.52, -2.71 to 3.45 mm, respectively, on the right side; 0.25, 1.47, -2.71 to 3.21 mm, respectively, on the left side. Among the 35 patients with hydrocephalus, V3 diameters could be measured by TCS in 31 patients from at least one side. Hydrocephalus was respectively excluded, confirmed, or inconclusive using TCS in 40, 29 and 31% of the 87 assessable patients. After 5 measurements, every resident reached a satisfactory measurement compared to the expert operator, defined by a mean absolute difference < 1 mm. CONCLUSION: TCS allows rapid, simple and reliable V3 diameter measurement compared with the gold standard in neuro-ICU patients. Aside from sparing irradiating procedures and transfers to the radiology department, it may especially increase close patient monitoring to detect clinically occult hydrocephalus earlier. Further studies are needed to measure potential clinical benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02830269. Registered 17 July 2016, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02830269?term=NCT02830269&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Numerical cognition in action: Reaching behavior reveals numerical distance effects in 5- to 6-year-olds

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Erb ◽  
Jeff Moher ◽  
Joo-Hyun Song ◽  
David M. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Numerical Cognition ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Digital Display ◽  
Numerical Distance ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trial Participants

This study investigates how children’s numerical cognition is reflected in their unfolding actions. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 34) completed a numerical comparison task by reaching to touch one of three rectangles arranged horizontally on a digital display. A number from 1 to 9 appeared in the center rectangle on each trial. Participants were instructed to touch the left rectangle for numbers 1-4, the center rectangle for 5, and the right rectangle for 6-9. Reach trajectories were more curved toward the center rectangle for numbers closer to 5 (e.g., 4) than numbers further from 5 (e.g., 1). This finding indicates that a tight coupling exists between numerical and spatial information in children’s cognition and action as early as the preschool years. In addition to shedding new light on the spatial representation of numbers during childhood, our results highlight the promise of incorporating measures of manual dynamics into developmental research.

scholarly journals HGMAN: Multi-Hop and Multi-Answer Question Answering Based on Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13953-13954
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Bo Cheng ◽  
Jiale Han ◽  
Yingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ranking Method ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Knowledge

Multi-hop question answering models based on knowledge graph have been extensively studied. Most existing models predict a single answer with the highest probability by ranking candidate answers. However, they are stuck in predicting all the right answers caused by the ranking method. In this paper, we propose a novel model that converts the ranking of candidate answers into individual predictions for each candidate, named heterogeneous knowledge graph based multi-hop and multi-answer model (HGMAN). HGMAN is capable of capturing more informative representations for relations assisted by our heterogeneous graph, which consists of multiple entity nodes and relation nodes. We rely on graph convolutional network for multi-hop reasoning and then binary classification for each node to get multiple answers. Experimental results on MetaQA dataset show the performance of our proposed model over all baselines.

Visual Masking with Presentations in Same and opposite Visual Fields: Evidence for Contralateral Masking

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Saccuzzo ◽  
Brad E. Michael ◽  
Robert Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Masking Stimulus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contralateral Masking

Three experiments were conducted in a preliminary attempt to study the effects of presentations of an informational target stimulus to the right or left visual fields when the target was either preceded or followed by a non-informational masking stimulus and when the mask was presented to the same or opposite visual field of the target. Results indicated that masking was more effective in the same than in the opposite visual field but that masking of the opposite visual field was feasible for both forward and backward masking. Laterality effects were also found for forward and backward masking, with a modest advantage of the right visual field (left hemisphere) in both cases. Limitations of the data and directions for future research were discussed.

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