The journey of Jephthah’s daughter: On spatial cognition, body and language in Judges 11:37

The traditional literal interpretation of the text in Judges 11:37 shows exceptional variation in topographic depiction. The literal interpretation of Driver, published in Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, is an example. From a linguistic perspective, no attention was paid whatsoever to the relation of interiority between an objective body and an objective space. This article proposes a cognitive semantic perspective and argues that the motion-path verb ירד (yrd) in Judges 11:37 carries a metaphorical meaning, and the linguistic processing, that is, the metaphorical mapping of the image schematic structure of CHANGE (up-down) as the source domain onto that of BEHAVIOUR as the target domain, involving activation of cultural spatial and bodily systems. With this background in mind, Judges 11:37 represents a new understanding for similar UP-DOWN image schemas applied in the Hebrew Bible.Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the apparent ‘inexact’ sense of the use of ירד (yrd) in Judges 11:37.

The heart’s downward path to happiness: cross-cultural diversity in spatial metaphors of affect

Spatial metaphors of affect display remarkable consistencies across languages in mapping sensorimotor experiences onto emotional states, reflecting a great degree of similarity in how our bodies register affect. At the same time, however, affect is complex and there is more than a single possible mapping from vertical spatial concepts to affective states. Here we consider a previously unreported case of spatial metaphors mapping down onto desirable, and up undesirable emotional experiences in Mlabri, an Austroasiatic language of Thailand and Laos, making a novel contribution to the study of metaphor and Cognitive Linguistics. Using first-hand corpus and elicitation data, we examine the metaphorical expressions: klol jur ‘heart going down’ and klol khɯn ‘heart going up’/klol kɔbɔ jur ‘heart not going down’. Though reflecting a metaphorical mapping opposite to the commonly reported happy is up metaphor, which is said to link to universal bodily correlates of emotion, the Mlabri metaphors are far from idiosyncratic. Rather, they are grounded in the bodily experience of positive low-arousal states, and in that reflect an emic view of ideal affect centered on contentment and tranquility. This underscores the complexity of bodily experience of affect, demonstrating that cultures draw on the available sensorimotor correlates of emotion in distinct ways.

METAPHOR POWER AND SOURCE DOMAIN CONTENT: METAPHOR FUNCTIONAL TYPOLOGY INDEX

This article examines the dependence of the metaphor power in communication and patterns of the metaphorical mapping as well as methods for quantitative analysis of metaphors in the text. Metaphor functional typology index (MfTI) is proposed and tested. This index is based on the division of metaphors into orientational, ontological and structural, which perform descriptive, identification and restructuring functions. The mathematical logic of calculating the index assumes that, based on the final numerical value, one can draw a conclusion about the predominant function played by the system of metaphorical models in the text or discourse, and, as a result, analyze the level of its speech impact. This method was tested in practice to solve two research problems: a descriptive analysis of the whole text’s metaphor power and a comparative analysis of metaphorical models with different source domains and one target domain. We analyzed the metaphorical nature of the texts of the New Year addresses of the political leaders of the Russian Federation, China and Great Britain, the public speeches of V...

A corpus study of English “nautical” idioms

We attempt to study nautical history influence on the phraseology of contemporary English. Britain’s geographical location and consequently its dependence on the surrounding seas greatly affected the language of all English-speaking countries. On the basis of criteria defined by J. Swales and ideas of W. Teubert, we identify the English-speaking discourse community of sea-farers. The assessment of historical and social conditions made it possible to determine the causes and the impact of the highly specialized language of this discourse community on the entire Eng-lish language. Following the study of two main approaches when working with language corpora (corpus-based and corpus-driven), we conducts corpus-driven research relying totally on the data obtained from the corpus. Using the material from the English language corpus NOW (News on the Web), we study the context and extent of distribution of seven phraseological units with com-ponents with the semantics of navigation in two main variants of the English language: British and American. The data obtained showed partial grammatical and syntactic discrepancies, as well as acceptable variations in the lexical structure of some units. The study of original nautical meanings allows us to understand the metaphorical mapping underlying the sense of the idioms.

The Construction of China’s Images through Multimodal Metaphor: A Case Study of China-related BBC Documentaries

Complementing three theoretical frameworks, conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980) and critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Musolff 2006, 2016) and multimodality from a cognitive viewpoint (Forceville and Urios-Aparisi 2009; Perez-Sobrina 2017), this study addresses the topic of China’s images unfolded in six BBC documentaries that are related to Chinese economy, social life, education, history, folklore, and cuisine respectively. This paper analyzes in detail how the theme metaphors are manifested multimodally through verbal, visual and aural modes and sub-modes with particular focus on how multimodal metaphors construct China’s images through the choice of source domains and metaphorical mapping. The significance of the study lies in showing how various modes and sub-modes are used in the source domains as an overall persuasive strategy to manipulate the public’s conceptualization of China. In addition, by examining the metaphorical entailments (Lakoff 2002; Johnson 1993, 1983), it illustrates how the media use of conceptual metaphors may become a powerful tool for conveying evaluative ideologies.

METAFORA KONSEPTUAL DALAM JUDUL BERITA KONTAN.CO.ID: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK KOGNITIF

The study is titled “Conceptual Metaphor in Kontan.co.id News Titles: A Study of Cognitive Semantics”. The selection of news title diction is not only explicitly delivered, but also implicitly that is by using metaphors. This research is included in qualitative research that is descriptive. The source of metaphoric data comes from online news site Kontan.co.id. The methods used in data collection are in the name of the method of simak with the technique of note as the basic technique and method of data analysis using the method of clay with advanced techniques for direct elements (BUL). The results of the study showed three types of metaphors that were found, namely structural metaphors as much as two data, orientational metaphors as many as two data, and ontological metaphors as many as two data. Based on metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain of the dominant image scheme formed is identity.

Kosakata Musik Sebagai Ranah Sumber Ungkapan Metaforis

<p>In Indonesian, music vocabulary is not only used to describe music but also used to express various non-musical concepts. That means music vocabulary has the potential to occupy the source domain in metaphorical mapping. The study aims at describing the vocabulary of music as the source domain of metaphorical expressions in Indonesian and explaining the relation of metaphorical meanings to the music field. The study was qualitative research. The data of the study was collected from the corpus of Indonesian in the Sketch Engine. The data was Indonesian sentences having the vocabulary of <em>nada</em>, <em>melodi, harmoni</em>, and <em>dinamika</em> in which the contexts of sentences were used to talk about anything in non-music field. The results of the study show that the vocabulary of music in Indonesian causes the metaphor of “LIFE IS MUSIC”. The use of music vocabulary as a source domain is mainly related to the characteristics of musical vocabulary concepts that underlie the formation of metaphorical expressions in Indonesian.</p>

Metaphors and Legal Language: a Few Comments on Ordinary, Specialised and Legal Meaning

The present text offers a few comments on the metaphorical dimension of legal language and the nature of legal language as such. The authors discuss selected metaphors in the context of the Polish legislation with the aim to show how the metaphorical dimension of language can be used and abused. It is also demonstrated that the metaphorical dimension of language can cross-cut the interface between language and law on different levels. There are metaphors in legal texts that can be deliberately used to emphasise or cover selected aspects of meaning, and others that can just happen to act irrespective of any premeditated action on the part of the legislator. Finally, in a wider perspective, it is shown that the relation between ordinary language and the language of the law, i.e. ordinary meaning and legal meaning, may itself be seen as a relation between two domains within which metaphorical mapping takes place. It is claimed that the divide between the realm of law and the “real world” goes beyond a trivial division relative to expertise in the law and expertise in legal discourse, but can be better understood as the division between the legal community and the non-legal community including the academia where linguists reside.