scholarly journals Acquired Facial, Maxillofacial, and Oral Asymmetries—A Review Highlighting Diagnosis and Management

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Janaki Iyer ◽  
Arvind Hariharan ◽  
Uyen Minh Nha Cao ◽  
Simon D. Tran

Facial asymmetry refers to the absence of, or the deviation from the regular mirror image of facial structures, relative to a referenced midline axis. It can be attributed to a wide spectrum of deformities, including congenital, developmental, or acquired conditions, which can originate either prenatally or postnatally. Though highly prevalent, asymmetry commonly goes undiagnosed due to its subtle or relative nature. Among the spectrum of conditions, acquired cases are triggered postnatally, in previously normal individuals, thus subjecting them to sudden, eventful psychological and psychosocial disharmony. When detected early, timely management may help intervene progressive growth of these conditions. This, therefore, emphasizes the need for a thorough diagnostic workup including medical/dental history, clinical examinations, study models, photographic and radiographic records for a case-by-case basis to prevent severe functional and aesthetic complications. Recently, advanced diagnostic procedures, such as stereophotogrammetry, 3D stereolithographic models, skeletal scintigraphy (radionucleotide scans), 3D computed tomographic scans, cone-beam computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, have provided innovative diagnostic instruments for numerous craniofacial defects. This descriptive review aims at focusing on the factors leading to frequently encountered conditions of acquired facial asymmetry and highlights their clinical evaluation, conservative and surgical interventions by a multi-disciplinary team of clinicians.

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Crocket ◽  
Eric YL Wong ◽  
Dale C Lien ◽  
Khanh Gia Nguyen ◽  
Michelle R Chaput ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the assessment of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: A university hospital.POPULATION STUDIED: Ninety-six patients referred for bronchoscopy with computed tomographic evidence of significant mediastinal or hilar adenopathy.RESULTS: Ninety-nine patient records were reviewed. Three patients had two separate bronchoscopy procedures. TBNA was positive in 42 patients (44%) and negative in 54 patients. Of the 42 patients with a positive aspirate, 40 had malignant cytology and two had cells consistent with benign disease. The positive TBNA result altered management in 22 of 40 patients with malignant disease and one of two patients with benign disease, thereby avoiding further diagnostic procedures. The cost of these subsequent procedures was estimated at $27,335. No complications related to TBNA were documented.CONCLUSIONS: TBNA is a high-yield, safe and cost effective procedure for the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic cancer.


2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kyu Lee ◽  
Pil-Kyo Jung ◽  
Cheol-Hyun Moon

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate discrepancies in results of facial asymmetry analysis using different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reorientation methods and the effectiveness of soft tissue as a reorientation reference for analysis of facial asymmetry. Materials and Methods: An asymmetric group of 30 patients with 4 mm or more of chin point (menton [Me]) deviation and a symmetric group of 30 patients with less than 4 mm of deviation of Me were chosen as study subjects. Three orientation methods were used to calculate and compare Me deviation values of the 60 subjects. Two methods used only skeletal landmarks for reference, and one method included the soft tissue landmarks around the eye. Preferences of an expert group for the facial midline as determined by each reorientation method were also examined. Results: The examinations showed significant discrepancies in Me deviation values between the three reorientation methods. The expert group showed the greatest preference for the facial midline reorientation method that incorporated soft tissue landmarks of the eye. Conclusions: These study findings suggest that the inclusion of soft tissue landmarks, especially those around the eyes, is effective for three-dimensional CBCT image reorientation for facial asymmetry analysis.


1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bologna ◽  
M.A. Blasi ◽  
G. Carlucci ◽  
L. Biordi ◽  
N. Biordi ◽  
...  

The majority of ocular infections in the industrialized countries arise after surgical interventions. An appropriate antibacterial prophylaxis is therefore highly desirable in eye surgery. We used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentrations reached by imipenem, a modern wide-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, in plasma and aqueous humor of 26 patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Even a single 500 mg dose of imipenem achieved therapeutic levels of the molecule for the most common ophthalmic pathogens (1μg/ml or above) in the aqueous humor within one to two hours after administration. This drug may therefore be suitable for antibacterial prophylaxis in eye surgery.


1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Millán ◽  
A. Lorenzo ◽  
P. Gallurt ◽  
P. Rodriguez ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
...  

Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures is made independent of diagnostic criteria by means of a receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curve. We performed ROC analysis for the major serum antiproteases: alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), in 99 cancer patients compared with 71 normal individuals. A1AT and A2M were significantly higher in cancer patients (p < 0.0005). By comparing true positive and false positive rates for different serum levels, ROC analysis showed that serum A1AT quantification seems more useful in clinical practice than serum A2M.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692096872
Author(s):  
Eleanor C Duffy ◽  
Sally Griffin ◽  
Erin M O’Connell ◽  
Jeremy R Mortier

Case series summary Two cats were presented for further investigation of respiratory signs. One cat had a history of a cough and the other, tachypnoea. In each case, thoracic CT was performed, which revealed a generalised marked reticular pattern in the first cat and focal consolidation of the right caudal lung lobe in the second cat. The first cat was euthanased following completion of the imaging study and a post-mortem examination was performed. The second cat underwent surgical excision of the abnormal lung lobe and survived for 4 years after diagnosis. Histopathology performed on lung tissue removed from each cat was consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. Relevance and novel information This small case series adds to the existing literature and highlights the heterogeneous clinical course and variable appearance of pulmonary fibrosis on CT of affected cats. These cases provide evidence that pulmonary fibrosis in cats incorporates a wide spectrum of fibrotic lung disease and demonstrates the possibility for prolonged survival following diagnosis where disease is localised and amenable to surgical resection.


Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Jiangran Zhao ◽  
Xidian Zheng

SUMMARYMany recent developments of surgical robots focus on less invasive paradigms, such as laparoscopic SPA (Single Port Access) surgery, NOTES (Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery), laryngoscopic MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery), etc. A configuration similarity shared by these surgical robots is that two or more manipulators are inserted through one access port (a laparoscope, an endoscope, or a laryngoscope) for surgical interventions. However, upon designing such a surgical robot, the structure of the inserted manipulators has not been thoroughly explored based on evaluation of their performances. This paper presents a comparison for kinematic performances among three different continuum manipulators. They all could be applied in the aforementioned surgical robots. The structural parameters of these continuum manipulators are firstly optimized to assure a more fair and consistent comparison. This study is conducted in a dimensionless manner and provides scalable results for a wide spectrum of continuum manipulator designs as long as their segments have a constant curvature. The results could serve as a design reference for future developments of surgical robots which use one access port and continuum mechanisms.


2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Ndububa ◽  
O S Ojo ◽  
A O Aladegbaiye ◽  
R A Adebayo ◽  
V A Adetiloye ◽  
...  

Child-Pugh grading is an important determinant of treatment options, surgical interventions and prognosis in chronic liver disease. Sixty-four liver cirrhosis patients (49 men, 15 women) seen at Ile-Ife, Nigeria were graded according to the Child-Pugh parameters. Only one (1.6%) was in Class A, while 21 (32.8%) and 42 (65.6%) were in Classes B and C, respectively. Thirty-four either had coagulopathy or were already in encephalopathy at the time of presentation. Hepatitis B virus-associated disease was present in 64% of the patients. Most Nigerian cirrhosis patients present with very advanced disease; they are thus poor-risk candidates for diagnostic procedures and surgery. Efforts should be intensified at making the diagnosis at a much earlier stage and universal immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine should be commenced to reduce the incidence of HBV-related chronic liver disease in Nigeria.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Padma Deskit ◽  
R. K. Srivastava

Background: The super speciality care is not available in remote places in India. But the service of the plastic surgery can be taken to the remote district hospital by arranging plastic surgery camps thereby resulting in service to the poor, capacity building of the local doctors and infrastructure development of the remote hospital.Methods: It is a retrospective study, in which the author analysed the feasibility, management, difficulties and achievement of week long, annual plastic surgery camp in remote set up of a district hospital of Ladakh over three year from 2017 to 2019.Results: A total of 341 patients were included in this study of which 108 underwent various surgical interventions. The youngest operated was 5 months old and oldest was 86 years. Wide spectrum of deformity were seen and operated upon. Complication developed in only six patients (5.5%) which were managed successfully at Leh only. The immediate and long term follow-up result show no difference in surgical result as compared to those compared operated outside with negligible financial burden.Conclusions: Keeping in view the positive outcome, it is argued through this paper that such camps should be replicated in other remote locations all over India.


2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Jonas Jurgaitis ◽  
Saulius Sologubovas ◽  
Viktor Asejev ◽  
Marius Paškonis ◽  
Vytautas Lipnickas ◽  
...  

Jonas Jurgaitis1, Saulius Sologubovas2, Viktor Asejev2, Marius Paškonis1, Vytautas Lipnickas1, Asta Dukštaitė3, Dileta Rutkauskaitė3, Kęstutis Strupas1, 2 1Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikos Pilvo chirurgijos centras, Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius2Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas3Vilniaus universiteto ligoninė Santariškių klinikos, Radiologijos ir branduolinės medicinos centras El. paštas: [email protected] Įvadas Žarnos invaginacija yra apibūdinama kaip proksimalinio žarnos segmento įsimovimas į distaliau esančią jos dalį. Žarnos invaginacija dažniausiai pasitaiko vaikų amžiuje. Suaugusiems asmenims žarnų invaginacija yra reta chirurginė liga, kurią paprastai sukelia jau esantis žarnos pažeidimas, veikiantis kaip invaginacijos viršūnė. Numanomas sergamumas – du trys atvejai iš milijono gyventojų per metus. Suaugusiems pacientams invaginacija pasireiškia įvairiais simptomais, kurie gali būti ūmūs, intermituojantys ar lėtiniai. Daugumai pacientų iki operacijos nustatoma žarnų obstrukcijos diagnozė (apie 50 proc.), o tikroji diagnozė paaiškėja tik operacijos metu. Klinikinis atvejis Pacientas atvyko turėdamas žarnyno nepraeinamumo kliniką. Atlikus pilvo organų echoskopiją, rasta gastrostazė ir pakitusi plonoji žarna. Diagnozei patikslinti buvo atliktas kompiuterinės tomografijos tyrimas, rasta tuščiosios žarnos invaginacija. Atlikta operacija, kurios metu reponavus invaginaciją rastas spindį užkemšantis 8 cm tumoras. Pašalintas 70 cm ilgio plonosios žarnos segmentas. Operacinės medžiagos patologinio tyrimo metu nustatytas navikas – lipoma. Šis atvejis pabrėžia neįprastą suaugusiųjų žarnos invaginacijos atvejį, sukeltą plonosios žarnos lipomos. Išvados Suaugusiųjų žarnos invaginacija yra reta chirurginė liga, kurią diagnozuoti palyginti sudėtinga dėl menkos klinikos, o tikroji invaginacijos priežastis paaiškėja tik operacijos metu. Reikšminiai žodžiai: žarnos invaginacija, lipoma. Bowel intussusception in adults: a case report and literature review Jonas Jurgaitis1, Saulius Sologubovas2, Viktor Asejev2, Marius Paškonis1, Vytautas Lipnickas1, Asta Dukštaitė3, Dileta Rutkauskaitė3, Kęstutis Strupas1, 2 1Vilnius University Hospital “Santariškių klinikos”, Center of Abdominal Surgery, Santariškių Str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania2Vilnius University, Medical Faculty3Vilnius University Hospital “Santariškių klinikos”, Center of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Santariškių Str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: [email protected] Background Intussusception occurs when a proximal segment of the bowel (intussusceptum) telescopes or invaginates into the lumen of the adjacent distal segment (intussuscipiens). Intussusception is usually found in children. The incidence of intussusception in adults is only 2–3 cases per million per year and is usually caused by a small bowel lesion acting as the apex of the intussusception. The clinical symptoms of intussusception in adults vary and may present as acute, intermittent or chronic. Usually, bowel obstruction is diagnosed, and the diagnosis of intussuception remains unclear preoperatively. Case report The patient presented with symptoms of bowel obstruction. She underwent several diagnostic procedures, including sonoscopy; finally, the possibility of intussusception was raised by a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen. The patient underwent a reduction on intussusception and resection of the intussuscepted intestine, which resulted in a long-lasting resolution of the symptoms. The resected specimen contained a tumour which was diagnosed histopathologically as an intestinal lipoma. This case highlights the uncommon causation of adult intussusception by an intestinal lipoma. Conclusion Unfortunately, the diagnostics of bowel intussusception in adults is still relatively difficult due to the lack of specific symptoms, and the real cause of intussusception is revealed only perioperatively. Key words: bowel intussusception, lipoma


Author(s):  
Lenore Manderson

A vast portion of the world’s population live with ill health following acute infection or disease and its emergency management. This reflects the increased capacity of technological innovations and pharmaceuticals to interrupt decline or complications, even when cure is unlikely. The authors in this Special Section illustrate how, in different localities, people live with risk for themselves or their offspring; with non-communicable, degenerative, autoimmune, and congenital conditions; with the after-effects of diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions; and with continued treatment and surveillance. We attend to the value of conceptualising this as ‘living under’ diagnosis or description. We illustrate how diagnostic labels overdetermine subsequent embodied states of being, structuring interactions and social relations with family, friends, and health professionals. Living under diagnosis, we argue, impacts on self-care, care for and by others, everyday lives, and anticipations of the future.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document