A Review on Tough Soft Composites at Different Length Scales

Soft composites are widely employed in industrial and biomedical fields, which often serve as load-bearing structural materials by virtue of a special combination of high strength, high toughness, and low flexural stiffness. Understanding the toughening mechanism of such composites is crucial for designing the next-generation soft materials. In this review, we give an overview of recent progress in soft composites, focusing on the design strategy, mechanical properties, toughening mechanisms, and relevant applications. Fundamental design strategies for soft composites that dissipate energy at different length scales are firstly described. By subsequently elucidating the synergistic effects of combining soft and hard phases, we show how a resulting composite can achieve unprecedented mechanical performance by optimizing the energy dissipation. Relevant toughening models are discussed to interpret the superior strength and fracture toughness of such soft composites. We also highlight relevant applications of these soft composites by taking advantage of their special mechanical responses.

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UGI 4418 AIR

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ss1296 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

High Toughness

Abstract UGI 4418 AIR is a martensitic stainless steel with strong corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. It is used for parts requiring a combination of high strength and high toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-1296. Producer or source: Schmolz + Bickenbach USA Inc..

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Design Strategies for the Development of High Strength Coupling Elements from Requirement Optimized Composite Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.22.127 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

A. Lohrengel ◽

Günter Schäfer ◽

Volker Wesling

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Material Properties ◽

High Strength ◽

Design Strategy ◽

Construction Process ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Local Configuration ◽

Early Survey ◽

Manufacturing Technologies ◽

Maximum Utilization

New interdisciplinary material and manufacturing technologies make local configuration of material properties possible. The availability of material property information in the early construction process and adequate welding technologies are essential needs to realize a maximum utilization of material. The research objective of two cooperating institutes at the Technical University of Clausthal is to develop a design strategy with related design rules in order to engineer high strength coupling elements of requirement optimized composite materials. Special attention is paid to the usage of future welding technologies and their influence on material properties of locally altered materials. Further objective is an early survey of the consequences caused by the usage of locally altered materials in mixed architecture design projects to the whole production process.

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Tough Hydrogels Based on Macromicelles as Crosslinkers with pH and Ion Sensitive Properties

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 944 ◽

pp. 537-542

Author(s):

Rui Jia Yan ◽

Yan Zi Yan ◽

Jing Hong Ma ◽

Jing Hua Gong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fracture Stress ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

High Strength ◽

Radical Copolymerization ◽

Pluronic F127 ◽

Free Radical Copolymerization ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

High Toughness ◽

Stimuli Sensitive

Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels crosslinked by macromolecular micelles usually present good mechanical properties. In this paper, a novel kind of pH and ion sensitive hydrogels with high toughness and strength were prepared using Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) as crosslinking centers for the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methacrylate (MA) monomers. These hydrogels showed high strength and tensibility with elongation at break of 1208%, fracture stress of 328 kPa and toughness of 1.80 MJ/m-3. The hydrogels not only exhibited enhancement of mechanical performance, but also achieved sensitive response to changes of pH and ionic strength, making an approach for the development of applications in drug delivery and sensors.

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Improving the strength and toughness of macroscale double networks by exploiting Poisson’s ratio mismatch

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92773-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Okumura ◽

Riku Takahashi ◽

Katsumi Hagita ◽

Daniel R. King ◽

Jian Ping Gong

Keyword(s):

Poisson’S Ratio ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

High Strength ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Strengthening Mechanism ◽

Poisson's Ratio ◽

Uniaxial Tensile ◽

The Matrix ◽

The Difference ◽

Strength And Toughness

AbstractWe propose a new concept that utilizes the difference in Poisson's ratio between component materials as a strengthening mechanism that increases the effectiveness of the sacrificial bond toughening mechanism in macroscale double-network (Macro-DN) materials. These Macro-DN composites consist of a macroscopic skeleton imbedded within a soft elastic matrix. We varied the Poisson's ratio of the reinforcing skeleton by introducing auxetic or honeycomb functional structures that results in Poisson’s ratio mismatch between the skeleton and matrix. During uniaxial tensile experiments, high strength and toughness were achieved due to two events: (1) multiple internal bond fractures of the skeleton (like sacrificial bonds in classic DN gels) and (2) significant, biaxial deformation of the matrix imposed by the functional skeleton. The Macro-DN composite with auxetic skeleton exhibits up to 4.2 times higher stiffness and 4.4 times higher yield force than the sum of the component materials. The significant improvement in mechanical performance is correlated to the large mismatch in Poisson's ratio between component materials, and the enhancement is especially noticeable in the low-stretch regime. The strengthening mechanism reported here based on Poisson's ratio mismatch can be widely used for soft materials regardless of chemical composition and will improve the mechanical properties of elastomer and hydrogel systems.

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Phase separation in sol gel-derived ceramic films of silica-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, and titania-zirconia system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100170967 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 646-647

Author(s):

J. Tong ◽

L. Eyring

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Great Influence ◽

High Strength ◽

Chemical Durability ◽

Separation Method ◽

Toughening Mechanism ◽

Ceramic Films ◽

Zirconia Toughened Alumina

There is increasing interest in composites containing zirconia because of their high strength, fracture toughness, and its great influence on the chemical durability in glass. For the zirconia-silica system, monolithic glasses, fibers and coatings have been obtained. There is currently a great interest in designing zirconia-toughened alumina including exploration of the processing methods and the toughening mechanism.The possibility of forming nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method has been investigated in three systems: zirconia-alumina, zirconia-silica and zirconia-titania using HREM. The morphological observations initially suggest that the formation of nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method is possible in the zirconia-alumina and zirconia-silica systems, but impossible in the zirconia-titania system. The separation-produced grain size in silica-zirconia system is around 5 nm and is more uniform than that in the alumina-zirconia system in which the sizes of the small polyhedron grains are around 10 nm. In the titania-zirconia system, there is no obvious separation as was observed in die alumina-zirconia and silica-zirconia system.

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DILLIMAX 500

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0645 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Structural Steel ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Fine Grained ◽

High Toughness ◽

Minimum Yield

Abstract Dillimax 500 is a high-strength quenched and tempered, fine-grained structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 500 MPa (72 ksi). Plate is delivered in three qualities: basic, high toughness, and extra tough. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on surface qualities as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-645. Producer or source: Dillinger Hütte GTS.

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SPARTAN II

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Yield Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

High Strength ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Copper Precipitation ◽

High Toughness ◽

The Family ◽

Alloy Steels ◽

Minimum Yield

Abstract SPARTAN II (HSLA-100) is one of the family of Spartan high strength (>690 MPa, or >100 ksi, minimum yield strength), high toughness, improved weldability steels, which are alternatives to traditional quenched and tempered alloy steels. The Spartan family of steels are low carbon, copper precipitation hardened steels. Spartan II has improved yield strength compared to Spartan I. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, tensile properties. It also includes information on forming and joining. Filing Code: SA-738. Producer or source: ArcelorMittal USA.

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TLS S1

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0655 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Carbon Content ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

High Toughness

Abstract The carbon content in TLS S1, about 0.5%, produces a combination of high strength and high toughness with medium wear resistance. Chisels and rivet sets are typical applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-655. Producer or source: Timken Latrobe Steel.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Resistance Spot Welded Martensitic Advanced High Strength Steel

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9061021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1021

Author(s):

Yunzhao Li ◽

Huaping Tang ◽

Ruilin Lai

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

High Strength ◽

Weld Nugget ◽

Resistance Spot ◽

Pull Out ◽

Cross Tension ◽

Spot Welded

Resistance spot welded 1.2 mm (t)-thick 1400 MPa martensitic steel (MS1400) samples are fabricated and their microstructure, mechanical properties are investigated thoroughly. The mechanical performance and failure modes exhibit a strong dependence on weld-nugget size. The pull-out failure mode for MS1400 steel resistance spot welds does not follow the conventional weld-nugget size recommendation criteria of 4t0.5. Significant softening was observed due to dual phase microstructure of ferrite and martensite in the inter-critical heat affected zone (HAZ) and tempered martensite (TM) structure in sub-critical HAZ. However, the upper-critical HAZ exhibits obvious higher hardness than the nugget zone (NZ). In addition, the mechanical properties show that the cross-tension strength (CTS) is about one quarter of the tension-shear strength (TSS) of MS1400 weld joints, whilst the absorbed energy of cross-tension and tension-shear are almost identical.

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