scholarly journals Identification of 2C-B in Hair by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. A Real Forensic Case

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
José Manuel Matey ◽  
Adrián López-Fernández ◽  
Carmen García-Ruiz ◽  
Gemma Montalvo ◽  
Félix Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Hair Matrix ◽  
Forensic Case

The analysis of drugs of abuse in hair and other biological matrices of forensic interest requires great selectivity and sensitivity. This has been traditionally achieved through target analysis, using one or more analytical methods that include different preanalytical stages, and more complex procedures followed by toxicological laboratories. There is no exception with 2C-series drugs, such as 2C-B, a new psychoactive substance (NPS), which use has emerged and significantly increased, year by year, in the last decades. Continuously new analytical methods are required to selectively detect and identify these new marketed substances at very low concentrations. In this case report, one former case of a polydrug consumer (charged of a crime against public health in Spain) was reanalyzed in hair matrix. In this reanalysis, 2C-B has been positively detected and identified using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). The most selective analytical UHPLC-HRMS/MS method alongside a universal and simpler pretreatment methodology has opened up more possibilities for the detection of substances of different chemical structure and optimization of different HRMS/MS detection approaches allowing the identification of 2-CB in the hair of a real forensic case.

Potential of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Drugs and Metabolites in Hair: Methoxetamine in a Real Forensic Case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Matey ◽  
Adrián López-Fernández ◽  
Carmen García-Ruiz ◽  
Gemma Montalvo ◽  
M D Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Forensic Case ◽  
High Resolution Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
Resolution Mass

Abstract The analysis of drugs of abuse in hair and other biological matrices of forensic interest requires great selectivity and sensitivity. This is done traditionally through target analysis, with one or more analytical methods, or with different and specific preanalytical phases, and complex procedures performed by the toxicological laboratories, and there is no exception with ketamine-like compounds, such as methoxetamine, a new psychoactive substance whose use has increased in the last decades, and continues to grow quickly year by year. More validated methods of analysis are needed to detect these substances in low concentrations selectively. Reanalyzing the samples of a former case of a polydrug consumer accused of a crime against public health in Spain, five metabolites of methoxetamine (normethoxetamine, O-desmethylmethoxetamine, dehydromethoxetamine, dihydronormethoxetamine and hydroxynormethoxetamine) were tentatively detected using a high-resolution technique, i.e., liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HR-MS-MS). The highest analytical selectivity of LC–HR-MS-MS method together a universal and simpler pretreatment stages has demonstrated to allow faster analysis and more sensitivity than the one performed traditionally at the INTCF laboratories, which was gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals 9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalene HY Tang ◽  
LY Hung ◽  
CK Lai ◽  
CK Ching ◽  
Tony Wing Lai Mak
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: New psychoactive substances are constantly evolving structural analogues of traditional drugs of abuse that have become a threat to public health worldwide and within our locality. An understanding of the local pattern of new psychoactive substance use will help guide frontline clinical management. Objectives: This study was conducted to review the new psychoactive substances detected in cases referred to the authors’ laboratory (a tertiary clinical toxicology centre), as well as the associated clinical features and toxicological findings. Methods: All cases referred to the laboratory for toxicology analysis between January 2009 and December 2017, and which were analytically confirmed to involve new psychoactive substance use, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features and toxicology findings were studied. Results: A total of 111 cases involving 104 patients and 22 types of new psychoactive substances were identified, with an increasing trend in the number of cases and subclass of new psychoactive substances detected. Up to half of the cases (n = 64) were related to the use of 2-phenyl-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone (2-oxo-PCE, a ketamine analogue); other new psychoactive substances detected included para-methoxymethamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, phenazepam, 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, 2-diphenylmethylpyrrolidine, methoxyphenidine, the N-methoxybenzyl drugs, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and opioids. Among the acute poisoning cases attributable to new psychoactive substance use, the severity was fatal (n = 3), severe (n = 17), moderate (n = 67) and minor (n = 17). And 11 patients required intensive care unit admission. All three fatal cases were associated with para-methoxymethamphetamine use. Conclusion: A rising trend of new psychoactive substance use is observed locally, which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Continued vigilance from frontline clinicians and medical professionals is imperative in the combat against new psychoactive substance use.

Detection of psychotropic substances in the blood by LC/MS/MS

2014 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Mariola Wicka ◽  
◽  
Piotr Chołbiński ◽  
Dorota Kwiatkowska ◽  
Andrzej Pokrywka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Proper Interpretation

Year on year, one can observe an increase in the use of addictive substances. This leads to occurring the problem of addiction as well as the use of psychoactive substances as a serious hazard to road users. The Regulation of the Minister of Health on agents acting similarly to alcohol and the conditions and manner of conducting research on their presence in the human body, requires adequate benchmarks for performing these tests. An importantfactor, from consultative point of view, is the knowledge of the chemical structure of substances belonging to different groups of drugs of abuse, their metabolic transformations that occur in the body as well as their influence on the body. This is to aid in the proper interpretation of the results of the analytical tests.

scholarly journals METHYL 10-EPI-PHEOPHORBIDE A FROM MCF-7 CELLS ACTIVE LAYER OF THE INDONESIAN FICUS DELTOIDEA JACK LEAVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggia Murni ◽  
Novriyandi Hanif ◽  
Masaki Kita ◽  
Latifah K. Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Mcf 7

Objective: To isolate and elucidate a cytotoxic principle against breast tumor MCF-7 cells of the Indonesian terrestrial plant Ficus deltoidea Jack leaves.Methods: F. deltoidea leaves collected at National Park of mount Gede-Pangrango, Indonesia have been subjected to chemical and biological work. F. deltoidea leaves were extracted with 96% aqueous ethanol (EtOH) and was then partitioned into three layers n-hexane, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). All layers were checked for their activity against breast tumor MCF-7 cells using MTT assay method. A portion of the most active layer was purified using open column chromatography to give fraction that has toxicity against zebra fish embryos. Based on the assay-guided isolation, compound 1 was isolated. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data as well as comparing data with literature.Results: The CH2Cl2 layer of F. deltoidea leaves was found to inhibit breast tumor MCF-7 cells with IC50 10 µg/ml which was the most toxic among the layers. A portion of the most active layer was purified using open column chromatography to give 7 fractions. The fraction 5 showed toxicity against zebrafish embryos (LC50 35 µg/ml, 48 hpf). This fraction was purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) octadecylsilyl (ODS) column with gradient elution 70% aqueous acetonitrile (MeCN) to 100% MeCN (linear gradient) for 40 min with UV detection at 254 nm (tR = 30.99 min) to give compound 1. The chemical structure of 1 was revealed as a chlorin-type compound named methyl 10-epi-pheophorbide A.Conclusion: Methyl 10-epi-pheophorbide A was isolated for the first time from the active fraction of the Indonesian F. deltoidea leaves or tabat barito. The chemical structure including absolute stereo chemistry was elucidated using NMR and HRMS data as well as by comparison with the literature values. The 13C NMR data has been added to complete the previous report.

Effect of Unobserved Contextual Factors on the Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substance Use in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Environment ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To explore the associations of characteristics of the cluster environment with new psychoactive substances (NPS) use in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 30,411 Thai people, stratified in multi-stage cluster sampling. Trained interviewers conducted a semi-structured interview in 2016. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the effects of the cluster environment on the NPS use. Results: NPS was widely used. The past month prevalence was 13.6%, and habitual use was 4.4%. Clustering significantly affects the spread of NPS use. Controlling for cluster effects, a likelihood of current NPS use was associated with elementary education, occupation, and reported health problems. While a higher likelihood of habitual NPS use was associated with elementary education, employed, and perceived mental health problem. Conclusion: NPS use was influenced by characteristics of the cluster environment. Therefore, demand reduction strategies should be designed based on a consideration of the impact of cluster context on NPS use behaviors. Keywords: Cluster effect, New psychoactive substance, NPS, Thailand

Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Melamed ◽  
Roy Gerona ◽  
Paul D Blanc ◽  
Paul Takamoto ◽  
Stephanie Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is misused as an intoxicant, either alone or concurrently with other substances. Because GHB is illegal, the precursor chemicals 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone are also misused for the same effect, either through pre-ingestion alteration or endogenous metabolism to GHB. We describe a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of polysubstance misuse who experienced an overdose of GHB from gamma-butyrolactone ingestion. The patient also co-ingested a common industrial solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This co-ingested substance raised theoretical concern of metabolism to a GHB congener, underscoring that the emergence of new psychoactive substance use patterns requires ongoing vigilance and toxicologic confirmation.

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