scholarly journals Presence of a Novel Subtype of Bovine Hepacivirus in China and Expanded Classification of Bovine Hepacivirus Strains Worldwide into 7 Subtypes

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Lu ◽  
Jiajun Ou ◽  
Jiawei Zhao ◽  
Shoujun Li
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Unique Genotype ◽  
Individual Donor

The newest member of the Hepacivirus genus, bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV), was first identified in cattle in 2015 and is a novel hepacivirus C virus (HCV)-like virus. This virus has been detected in five countries so far and is classified into four subtypes. Bovine serum is commonly used for cell cultures and is considered the major source of viral contamination of pharmaceutical products. In this study, bovine serum samples were collected from seven countries located in Asia, America, Oceania, and Europe and were tested for BovHepV RNA using nested PCR, in order to: (i) obtain more knowledge on the geographical distribution and subtypes of BovHepV; and (ii) detect the potential contamination of BovHepV in commercial bovine serum samples used for cell culture propagation. The results demonstrated that bovine serum samples from individual donor cattle in China contained BovHepV RNA. After PCR, sequencing, and assembly, the genomes of the Chinese BovHepV strains were obtained. Genetic analysis of the polyprotein gene revealed a protein identity of <77% and a nucleotide identity of <85% between the Chinese BovHepV strains and all other previously reported BovHepV strains. Using cut-off values for determination of HCV genotypes and subtypes, BovHepV strains worldwide were classified into one unique genotype and seven subtypes. The BovHepV strains identified in the present study were classified into a novel subtype, which was provisionally designated subtype G. The genetic relationships among the different BovHepV subtypes were further confirmed through phylogenetic analysis. The present study provides critical insights into BovHepV’s geographical distribution and genetic variability.

Development of a very sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of 17β-estradiol in bovine serum samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Jimena Monerris ◽  
Fernando Javier Arévalo ◽  
Héctor Fernández ◽  
María Alicia Zon ◽  
Patricia Gabriela Molina
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Effect of urine storage on urinary uric acid concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Yamakita ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yuji Moriwaki ◽  
Sumio Takahashi ◽  
Zenta Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Urine Storage

Accurate determination of serum and urinary uric acid concentrations is essential for the diagnosis and classification of gout according to uric acid metabolism derangement. Urine and/or serum samples are often kept at either 4°C or 20°C until assayed, when a large number of samples are handled simultaneously. Our preliminary study indicated a significant decrease in urinary uric acid concentration after preservation, regardless of the storage temperature. Uric acid crystals were often observed in these cases which showed a marked decrease in urinary uric acid concentration after storage. In the present study, we sought the factor(s) that might cause this decrease in urinary uric acid concentration, as well as measures to overcome the problem. High urinary uric acid concentration and low pH proved to play major roles in the decrease in urinary uric acid concentration after storage. In contrast, dilution of the urine samples before storage resulted in no significant change in urinary uric acid concentration. Based on these results, we recommend diluting urine before storage for determination of uric acid concentration and avoiding underestimation.

Determination of the Fructosamine Concentration in Bovine Serum Samples

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. JENSEN ◽  
M.B. PETERSEN ◽  
H. HOUE
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Serum Samples

scholarly journals Determination of Haptoglobin in Bovine Serum using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Anti-human Haptoglobin Antibodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Jawor ◽  
Tadeusz Stefaniak ◽  
Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Short Time

Two ELISA procedures to determine haptoglobin (Hp) in bovine serum were developed. Equine haemoglobin was used as the solid phase. Self-developed goat polyclonal antibody (variant I) and monoclonal antibody (variant II) raised against human Hp were used. The results were compared with the guaiacol method. High correlation was found (r = 0.96 and r = 0.90, respectively) based on the results of 548 bovine serum samples, of which 357 were from clinically healthy cows and 191 from cows and calves monitored during treatment for the most common diseases. The Hp detection limit of ELISA using polyclonal Ab was 0.1 mg/l and using MoAb 0.21 mg/l. The addition of 2% PEG 6000 at the antibody-binding steps enabled major shortening of the incubation periods. The relatively short time, low cost of reagents, and high correlation with the reference method support the use of these ELISA variants in bovine diagnostics.

Determination of progesterone (P4) from bovine serum samples using a microfluidic immunosensor system

Talanta ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1986-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Javier Arévalo ◽  
Germán Alejandro Messina ◽  
Patricia Gabriela Molina ◽  
María Alicia Zón ◽  
Julio Raba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Serum Samples

THE ESSENCE, THE NEED FOR EVALUATION AND TYPES OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
State Of The Environment

The formation of business strategies of enterprises should be based on a preliminary assessment of their current and future economic opportunities. Such an assessment is to establish the value of the total economic potential of enterprises and its individual varieties. The purpose of this study was to clarify the essence of the economic potential of enterprises, justify the need for its evaluation and selection of its types. The main approaches to interpreting the terms "potential" and "enterprise potential" are identified. These include resource, result, resource-result, resource-target, and result-target concepts. It is established that the potential of any object, including the enterprise, can be interpreted as a set of its external functional properties, which this object shows or can show in a certain state of the environment in which it is located. Accordingly, the assessment of the potential of an object should be based on the identification and determination of its external properties, taking into account the environment in which the object is located. The main situations in which there is a need for information about certain components of the economic potential of the enterprise are identified, and the types of this potential and the consumers of the information about their level, corresponding to these situations, are determined. In particular, such situations include management of production and sales, management of financial and economic results of the enterprise, management of enterprise development, assessment of the company's need for various types of resources, assessment of enterprise value, assessment of current and future impact of the enterprise on the economy of the country (region), etc. The features of classification of types of enterprise potential existing in the scientific literature are supplemented by the following ones: by the main types of economic activity, by the dynamics of changes in the economic and production system of the enterprise, by consequences for the subject of enterprise potential assessment, by the stages of economic activity, enterprise potential, etc. The obtained results make it possible to improve the understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the formation of the economic potential of enterprises.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

Review of species of the Stachys section Satureoides (Lamiaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
T. V. Krestovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

On the base of a critical review of the material kept in the most of main European and some Asian Herbaria, a synopsis of the genus Stachys L. section Satureoides R. Bhattacharjee is given. The description of the section is enlarged (calyx 5–10(15)-veined, upper floral leaves often with short spinescent tip, stamens slightly exserted from the corolla tube). The section is represented by 4 species distributed in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. The keys for determination of its species and infraspecific taxa are compiled. The data on main synonyms, ecology, geographical distribution and types are given. The lectotypes of S. satureioides Montbret et Aucher ex Benth., S. ramosissima Montbret et Aucher ex Benth., S. burgsdorffioides (Benth.) Boiss. and S. burgsdorffioides subsp. ladanoides Hand.-Mazz. are designated.

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