scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Chickens in Tanzania and Ghana

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. da Silva ◽  
Emily J. Aston ◽  
Gaspar H. Chiwanga ◽  
Ashley Birakos ◽  
Amandus P. Muhairwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
West And Central Africa

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most challenging infectious diseases affecting poultry production in Africa, causing major economic losses. To date, Newcastle disease virus isolates from several African countries have been grouped into class II NDV genotypes I, IV, V, VI, VII, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, XVIII and XXI. Although ND is endemic in many African countries, information on circulating genotypes is still scarce. In Tanzania, outbreaks with genotypes V and XIII have been reported. In West and Central Africa, genotypes XIV, XVII, and XVIII are the most predominant. To investigate other genotypes circulating in Tanzania and Ghana, we performed molecular genotyping on isolates from Tanzania and Ghana using the MinION, a third-generation portable sequencing device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Using the MinION, we successfully sequenced the NDV F gene hypervariable region of 24 isolates from Tanzania and four samples from Ghana. In Tanzania, genotypes V, VII and XIII were detected. All isolates from Ghana belonged to genotype XVIII. The data obtained in this study reflect the genetic diversity of NDV in Africa and highlight the importance of surveillance for monitoring the distribution of NDV genotypes and viral evolution.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) INFESTING DIFFERENTS MAIZE VARIETIES IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1821-1835
Author(s):  
AdioumaGeorges RobertJacquesSarr ◽  
◽  
CheikhAbdouKhadre MbackéDia ◽  
MamaRacky Ndiaye ◽  
Déthie Ngom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus in Layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Bordoloi ◽  
Anju Nayak ◽  
A.P. Singh ◽  
R.V. Singh ◽  
Kajal Jadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) in spite of the availability of vaccines remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide. It is prevalent in Indian subcontinent and leads to economic losses. The present study was aimed with isolate and identify virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in layer poultry from field outbreaks.Methods: Total 47 samples consisting of nasal (05), oropharyngeal (13) and cloacal swabs (11) and tissue samples consisting of trachea (07), lungs (06), larynx (05) were collected from layer birds. For isolation of NDV swab and tissue samples were inoculated in 9-11 days old embryonated eggs via allantoic cavity route. After preparing the viral inoculum, 47 suspected samples (29 swab and 18 tissue samples) were inoculated in 141 embryonated eggs to isolate the virus.Result: Out of 47 samples 10 (21.27%) samples were positive for HA activity. All the 10 isolates showing HA activity subjected to Reverse-Transcriptase PCR of F gene and 6 were found positive in RT-PCR for F1 gene. The PCR amplified product showed amplicon at 356 bp and 254 bp positive for F1 and F2 gene, respectively. On basis of F gene, 06 (50%) isolates were considered as virulent Newcastle Disease Virus. One isolate sequence was submitted at NCBI with accession MT890653 On phylogenetic analysis MT890653 designated as Class II/ genotype II/ virulent strain and had the motif 112R-R-R-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site of the fusion protein.

WHITE FULANI CATTLE OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tawah ◽  
J. E. O. Rege
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARYThe paper reviews information on the White Fulani cattle under the headings: origin, classification, distribution, population statistics, ecological settings, utility, husbandry practices, physical characteristics, special genetic characteristics, adaptive attributes and performance characteristics. It was concluded that the breed is economically important for several local communities in many West and Central African countries. The population of the breed is substantial. However, introgression from exotic cattle breeds as well as interbreeding with local breeds represent the major threat to the breed. The review identified a lack of programmes to develop the breed as being inimical to its long-term existence.

scholarly journals Genomic and Pathogenic Characteristics of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Live Bird Markets and Backyard Flocks in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Irene N. Ogali ◽  
Paul O. Okumu ◽  
Erick O. Mungube ◽  
Jacqueline K. Lichoti ◽  
Stephen Ogada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Genotype V

Newcastle disease (ND) causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry in developing countries. In Kenya, despite rampant annual ND outbreaks, implementation of control strategies is hampered by a lack of adequate knowledge on the circulating and outbreak causing-NDV strains. This study reports the first complete genome sequences of NDV from backyard chicken in Kenya. The results showed that all three isolates are virulent, as assessed by the mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in specific antibody negative (SAN) embryonated eggs and 10-day-old chickens, respectively. Also, the polybasic amino acid sequence at the fusion-protein cleavage site had the motif 112RRQKRFV118. Histopathological findings in four-week-old SPF chicken challenged with the NDV isolates KE001, KE0811, and KE0698 showed multiple organ involvement at five days after infection with severe effects seen in lymphoid tissues and blood vessels. Analysis of genome sequences obtained from the three isolates showed that they were 15192 base pair (bp) in length and had genomic features consistent with other NDV strains, the functional sites within the coding sequence being highly conserved in the sequence of the three isolates. Amino acid residues and substitutions in the structural proteins of the three isolates were similar to the newly isolated Tanzanian NDV strain (Mbeya/MT15). A similarity matrix showed a high similarity of the isolates to NDV strains of class II genotype V (89–90%) and subgenotype Vd (95–97%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the three isolates are closely related to NDV genotype V strains but form a distinct cluster together with NDV strains from the East African countries of Uganda and Tanzania to form the newly characterized subgenotype Vd. Our study provides the first description of the genomic and pathological characteristics of NDV of subgenotype Vd and lays a baseline in understanding the evolutionary dynamics of NDV and, in particular, Genotype V. This information will be useful in the development of specific markers for detection of viruses of genotype V and generation of genotype matched vaccines.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Inhibitory Effects of Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus on Cell Survival and Immune Function in Spleen of Commercial Layer Chicks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibin Zhang ◽  
Michael G. Kaiser ◽  
Rodrigo A. Gallardo ◽  
Terra R. Kelly ◽  
Jack C. M. Dekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Tetratricopeptide Repeats

As a major infectious disease in chickens, Newcastle disease causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to effective vaccination. Therefore, enhancing resistance to the virus in commercial chickens through breeding is a promising way to promote poultry production. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes at 2 and 6 dpi after infection at day21 with a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus in a commercial egg-laying chicken hybrid using RNA sequencing analysis. By comparing NDV challenged and nonchallenged groups, 526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR < 0.05) were identified at 2 dpi, and only 36 at 6 dpi. For the DEGs at 2 dpi, IPA analysis predicted inhibition of multiple signaling pathways in response to NDV that regulate immune cell development and activity, neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Upregulation of Interferon Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 5 (IFIT5) in response to NDV was consistent between the current and most previous studies. Sprouty RTK Signaling Antagonist 1 (SPRY1), a DEG in the current study is located in a significant QTL associated with virus load at 6 dpi in the same population. These identified pathways and DEGs provide potential targets to further study breeding strategy to enhance NDV resistance in chickens.

scholarly journals APPROPRIATE CONDITIONS FOR CULTIVATING THE STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN THE DEVELOPING HEN EMBRYOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
R. Z. Nurgaziev ◽  
A. R. Nurgazieva ◽  
E. D. Krutskaia ◽  
A. I. Boronbaeva ◽  
M. T. Tolubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
High Level

Newcastle disease is observed and detected on all the continents of the globe, except Australia, and causes great economic losses in poultry production. In the Kyrgyz Republic, Newcastle disease outbreaks were observed in 2015 and 2016. Regardless Newcastle’s pathogen is well explored, there are specific features of disease course and the problem of infection elimination is not solved. The authors explored the appropriate conditions for growing Newcastle’s virus in developing hen embryos. For this the researchers infected chicken embryos with different doses: 10-1 to 10-8 viral propagation was applied for 10-day developing chicken embryos into the allantoid cavity in the volume of 0.1 and 0.2 cm3 (doses of 6,104 to 0.6 50% embryonic infectious dose (EID50 ) per embryo and 1.2-105 to 1.2 50% embryonic infectious dose (EID50 ) per embryo, respectively). The degree of virus accumulation was estimated by means of hemagglutination test according to the titers of hemagglutinins in the allantoic fluid. The titers of hemagglutinins in solutions within 10-1 to 10-8 of virus-containing material shows that at volume of an inoculated virus-containing material of 0,1 cm3 accumulation of hemagglutinins of a Newcastle virus strain occurs at high level and does not essentially differ (Р>0,5); when applied for infecting developing chicken embryos of virus cultivation to 10-6 (a dose in this case ~ 60 50 % an embryonic infectious dose EID50 ).

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