scholarly journals Feline Leukemia Virus p27 Antigen Concentration and Proviral DNA Load Are Associated with Survival in Naturally Infected Cats

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Beall ◽  
Jesse Buch ◽  
Genevieve Clark ◽  
Marko Estrada ◽  
Andrei Rakitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

Longitudinal studies of cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are important for understanding disease outcomes. Levels of p27 antigen and copy numbers of proviral DNA have been associated with FeLV-infection courses. The purpose of this prospective study was to establish cutoff values for p27 antigen concentration and proviral DNA load that distinguished high positive from low positive groups of cats and to evaluate an association with survival. At enrollment, 254 cats were tested by point-of-care and microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for p27 antigen and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for proviral DNA. The 127 positive cats were retested monthly for six months and monitored for survival over the four-year study. A receiver operating characteristic-based analysis of samples with concordant or discordant qualitative results for p27 antigen and proviral DNA was used to establish cutoff values, and when applied to test results at enrollment for classifying cats as high positive or low positive, a significant difference in survival was observed. High positive cats had a median survival of 1.37 years (95% CI 0.83–2.02) from time of enrollment, while most low positive cats were still alive (93.1% survival). Quantitative results for p27 antigen concentration and proviral DNA load were highly correlated with survival times in FeLV-infected cats.

scholarly journals Prevalence of feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in client-owned cats in Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Jelena Raukar
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

This study aimed to determine prevalences for anti-FCoV antibody, FeLV antigen, FeLV proviral DNA, and anti-FIV antibody among client-owned cats from the cities of Zagreb and Varaždin in Croatia. Subjects included 106 client-owned cats tested at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. Blood samples were tested with IFA for anti-FCoV antibody and IFA FCoV antibody titeres, with ELISA for FeLV p27 antigen, with PCR for FeLV proviral DNA, and with RIM for anti-FIV antibody. Prevalence of FCoV and FeLV was 41.51% and 6.60%, respectively. A coinfection with FeLV/FCoV and FIV/FCoV prevalence was 7.55% and 5.66%. No cats were coinfected with FIV and FeLV. All three viruses were detected, confirming their presence in Croatia. The seroepidemiological findings demonstrate that both feline retroviruses and feline coronavirus are important feline pathogens in Croatia.

scholarly journals Lack of Bcl-2 expression in feline follicular lymphomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817
Author(s):  
Manfred Henrich ◽  
Anna Bauknecht ◽  
Werner Hecht ◽  
Manfred Reinacher
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gene ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas

Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is commonly overexpressed in follicular lymphomas in humans. This is usually the result of a chromosomal translocation that transposes the Bcl-2 gene into the immunoglobulin gene locus. The immunohistochemical assessment of this overexpression can be used as a tool for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. In cats, little information about the expression of Bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma exists. We investigated 18 follicular lymphomas histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of Bcl-2, CD3, CD45R, and feline leukemia virus. Clonality was assessed by PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements. Although the histology resembled that of their human counterparts, diffuse expression of Bcl-2 within the follicles of the feline lymphomas, as seen in human cases, was not present. Only single cells within the follicles, comparable to the reactive controls, were positive for Bcl-2 expression. The mean survival time of 4.6 y confirmed the indolent character of the tumor. None of the clinical parameters assessed were statistically significant predictors of survival. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in survival of animals with or without anti-neoplastic therapy was also not demonstrable.

scholarly journals Feline Leukemia Virus Detection by ELISA and PCR in Peripheral Blood from 68 Cats with High, Moderate, or Low Suspicion of having FeLV-Related Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion L. Jackson ◽  
Deborah M. Haines ◽  
Susan M. Taylor ◽  
Vikram Misra
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
V Antigen

Clinicopathologic criteria were used to group 68 cats according to high, moderate, or low suspicion of having feline leukemia virus (FeL V)-related disease. Peripheral blood samples were tested for FeL V antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for FeL V DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There was no significant difference between ELISA and PCR results in the 68 cats. In the high-suspicion group, 46% (11/24) of cytopenic cats were test positive (ELISA and PCR) and 87% (13/15) with hemopoietic neoplasms were test-positive. Also within the high suspicion group, test-positive cats were 2.5 times more likely to die within the 1 year follow-up period than were test-negative (ELISA and PCR) cats. Among cats in the moderate-suspicion group, 15% (2/13) were test-positive, and none (0/16) of the cats in the low suspicion group was test positive. The relative risk of a positive test (ELISA and PCR) in the high suspicion group was 3.7 times that for the moderate-suspicion group and 22.8 times that for the low suspicion group. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of a positive test result between the moderate and low suspicion groups. The results indicate that FeL V detection by PCR can be adapted for diagnostic purposes using peripheral blood samples, however, results do not differ significantly from FeL V ELISA results. Also, a proportion of cats with a high suspicion of having FeL V-related cytopenia and hemopoietic tumors are negative for both circulating FeL V antigen and DNA. These cats may not have FeL V-related disease, or FeL V may exist in a disease-producing but nonreplicating form ultimately detectable by PCR in tissues other than peripheral blood.

scholarly journals Naturally occurring feline leukemia virus subgroup A and B infections in urban domestic cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2799-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Magalhães Coelho ◽  
Maria Rosa Quaresma Bomfim ◽  
Fabíola de Andrade Caxito ◽  
Natália Almeida Ribeiro ◽  
Marcela Miranda Luppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Large Populations

A nested-PCR (n-PCR) was used to detect feline leukemia virus (FeLV) proviral DNA in blood samples from 464 sick and 608 healthy domestic cats (Felis catus) selected by convenience, and a significantly high prevalence of FeLV infection was observed. n-PCR results revealed the presence of FeLV proviral DNA in 47.2 % of sick cats and 47.4 % of healthy cats. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FeLV samples from healthy or sick cats were grouped into separate clades. We determined FeLV subgroups by an n-PCR based on the envelope (env) gene. The partial env gene of FeLV Minas Gerais (MG) samples were compared to various exogenous FeLV isolates and endogenous (enFeLV) provirus from the same region. FeLV-B MG samples were more similar to endogenous sequences and to natural FeLV-B isolates than to either FeLV-A or FeLV-C. The results revealed the circulation of FeLV-B in large populations of urban domestic cats in Brazil.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Identification of Transcription Motifs in Feline Leukemia Virus from Naturally Infected Cats in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruku Bande ◽  
Siti Suri Arshad ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Zunita Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Proviral Dna

A nested PCR assay was used to determine the viral RNA and proviral DNA status of naturally infected cats. Selected samples that were FeLV-positive by PCR were subjected to sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and motifs search. Of the 39 samples that were positive for FeLV p27 antigen, 87.2% (34/39) were confirmed positive with nested PCR. FeLV proviral DNA was detected in 38 (97.3%) of p27-antigen negative samples. Malaysian FeLV isolates are found to be highly similar with a homology of 91% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Malaysian FeLV isolates divided into two clusters, with a majority (86.2%) sharing similarity with FeLV-K01803 and fewer isolates (13.8%) with FeLV-GM1 strain. Different enhancer motifs including NF-GMa, Krox-20/WT1I-del2, BAF1, AP-2, TBP, TFIIF-beta, TRF, and TFIID are found to occur either in single, duplicate, triplicate, or sets of 5 in different positions within the U3-LTR-gag region. The present result confirms the occurrence of FeLV viral RNA and provirus DNA in naturally infected cats. Malaysian FeLV isolates are highly similar, and a majority of them are closely related to a UK isolate. This study provides the first molecular based information on FeLV in Malaysia. Additionally, different enhancer motifs likely associated with FeLV related pathogenesis have been identified.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Feline Leukemia Virus in Oral, Conjunctival, and Rectal Mucosae Provides Results Comparable to Detection in Blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Mattoso Victor ◽  
Juliana Marques Bicalho ◽  
Manuela Bamberg Andrade ◽  
Bruna Lopes Bueno ◽  
Luiza Rodrigues Alves de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

ABSTRACT Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection causes immunosuppression, degeneration of the hematopoietic system, and fatal neoplasms. FeLV transmission occurs mainly by close social contact of infected and susceptible cats. Developing procedures for the diagnosis of feline retroviruses is crucial to reduce negative impacts on cat health and increase the number of animals tested. Blood collection requires physical or chemical restraint and is usually a stressful procedure for cats. Our objective was to evaluate the use of samples obtained from oral, conjunctival, and rectal mucosae for the molecular diagnosis of FeLV. Whole blood and oral, conjunctival, and rectal swabs were collected from a total of 145 cats. All samples were subjected to the amplification of a fragment of the gag gene of proviral DNA. Compared to blood samples used in this study as a reference, the accuracies for each PCR were 91.72, 91.23, and 85.50% for samples obtained by oral, conjunctival, and rectal swabs, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 86.11 and 97.26% for the oral swabs, 90 and 92.59% for the conjunctival swabs, and 74.24 and 95.77% for the rectal swabs, respectively. The kappa values for oral, conjunctival, and rectal swabs were 0.834, 0.824, and 0.705, respectively. The diagnosis of these samples showed the presence of proviral DNA of FeLV in oral and conjunctival mucosae. In conclusion, mucosal samples for the molecular diagnosis of FeLV are an excellent alternative to venipuncture and can be safely used. It is faster, less laborious, less expensive, and well received by the animal.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine and Canarypox Virus-Vectored Vaccine during Virulent FeLV Challenge and Immunosuppression

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patel ◽  
K. Carritt ◽  
J. Lane ◽  
H. Jayappa ◽  
M. Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Canarypox Virus

ABSTRACTFour vaccines for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are available in the United States. This study's purpose was to compare the efficacy of Nobivac feline 2-FeLV (an inactivated, adjuvanted whole-virus vaccine) and PureVax recombinant FeLV (a live, canarypox virus-vectored vaccine) following FeLV challenge. Cats were vaccinated at 9 and 12 weeks with Nobivac feline 2-FeLV (group A,n= 11) or PureVax recombinant FeLV (group B,n= 10). Group C (n= 11) comprised unvaccinated controls. At 3 months postvaccination, cats were immunosuppressed and challenged with FeLV-A/61E. The outcomes measured were persistent antigenemia at 12 weeks postchallenge (PC) and proviral DNA and viral RNA at 3 to 9 weeks PC. Persistent antigenemia was observed in 0 of 11 cats in group A, 5 of 10 cats in group B, and 10 of 11 cats in group C. Group A was significantly protected compared to those in groups B (P< 0.013) and C (P< 0.0001). No difference was found between groups B and C (P> 0.063). The preventable fraction was 100% for group A and 45% for group B. At 9 weeks PC, proviral DNA and viral RNA were detected 1 of 11 cats in group A, 6 of 10 cats in group B, and 9 of 11 cats in group C. Nucleic acid loads were significantly lower in group A than in group C (P< 0.01). Group A had significantly lower proviral DNA loads than group B at weeks 6 to 9 (P< 0.02). The viral RNA loads were significantly lower in group A than in group B at weeks 7 to 9 (P< 0.01). The results demonstrate that Nobivac feline 2-FeLV-vaccinated cats were fully protected against persistent antigenemia and had significantly smaller amounts of proviral DNA and plasma viral RNA loads than PureVax recombinant FeLV-vaccinated cats and unvaccinated controls.

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