scholarly journals Functional Cure of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Individuals With HIV-Coinfection: A Literature Review

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Lorenza N. C. Dezanet ◽  
Karine Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inducible Protein

In individuals infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the ultimate therapeutic goal, which defines “functional cure.” For individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), functional cure occurs roughly 2 per 100 person-years during potent anti-HBV containing antiretroviral therapy. Although this rate may be higher than expected in treated HBV mono-infected individuals, rates of functional cure widely vary between studies (0.6–10.5 per 100 person-years). Similar to HBV mono-infection, the phase of HBV infection, HBV (sub-)genotypes and hepatitis B “e” Ag-negative variants are associated with functional cure in treated HIV-HBV co-infection. In specifically HIV-HBV co-infected individuals, strong increases in CD4+ T cell counts after treatment initiation have also been linked to functional cure, yet this finding is inconsistent across studies. Several markers directly or indirectly reflecting HBV activity are being developed to predict functional cure, such as quantification of HBsAg, hepatitis B core-related antigen, HBsAg protein composition, anti-hepatitis B core antibodies and interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10. Few have been assessed during treatment in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals and none have been validated to predict functional cure. Novel therapeutics for HBV cure are essential for individuals with HIV-HBV co-infection and need to be separately evaluated in this population.

scholarly journals High Rates of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Functional Cure Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-HBV Coinfected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda V Chihota ◽  
Gilles Wandeler ◽  
Roma Chilengi ◽  
Lloyd Mulenga ◽  
Raymond T Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Among 284 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected adults starting tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zambia, median baseline CD4+ count was 202 cells/mm3 and 41.6% were hepatitis B e-antigen positive. Within 2 years of therapy, 29 (10.2%) participants experienced HBV functional cure (confirmed loss of hepatitis B surface antigen). In multivariable analysis, baseline CD4 count <350 cells/mm3, female sex, and lower baseline HBV deoxyribonucleic acid were associated with increased odds of functional cure. Immune recovery during HIV-HBV treatment with ART may drive higher rates of functional cure than during HBV monoinfection treatment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon could inform immunomodulatory therapies for HBV cure.

scholarly journals Lack of an Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection on the Pharmacokinetics of Entecavir in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2836-2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhu ◽  
Marc Bifano ◽  
Xu Xu ◽  
Yonghua Wang ◽  
Frank LaCreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Entecavir is a guanosine nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of entecavir was examined by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Plasma concentration data from HIV- and HBV-coinfected patients were analyzed in conjunction with data from HBV-monoinfected patients, and HIV coinfection was tested as a covariate on oral clearance (CL/F). The estimated population averages of intercompartmental clearance and the volumes of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments obtained with a 1-mg dose were 34.2 liters/h (interindividual variability, 30.2%), 115 liters (interindividual variability, 39.2%), and 1,830 liters (interindividual variability, 74%), respectively. CL/F was found to be a function of creatinine clearance, but HIV confection did not show any effect on CL/F. The geometric mean (GM) of individual Bayesian estimates of the steady-state area under the concentration-time curve following 1-mg daily doses were 39.3 and 38.8 ng·h/ml in HIV- and HBV-coinfected and HBV-monoinfected patients, respectively. The adjusted GM ratio (1.01; 90% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.12) was within the bioequivalence criteria boundary (0.80 to 1.25). In conclusion, the proposed model adequately described the entecavir PK in HBV- and HIV-coinfected patients and HBV-monoinfected patients, and the entecavir exposures were comparable in the two patient populations.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Hepatitis B Core–Related Antigen and Anti–Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Their Association With Serological Response in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Hepatitis B Coinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (11) ◽  
pp. 1826-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza N C Dezanet ◽  
Sarah Maylin ◽  
Audrey Gabassi ◽  
Hayette Rougier ◽  
Patrick Miailhes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

Abstract Background The aim of the current study was to describe the kinetics of quantified hepatitis B core–related antigen (qHBcrAg) and quantified anti–hepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc) during tenofovir (TDF) treatment and assess their ability to predict hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroclearance in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus. Methods Serum qHBcrAg, qAnti-HBc, and hepatitis B virus DNA were obtained at TDF initiation and every 6–12 months. The on-treatment kinetics of qHBcrAg (ΔqHBcrAg) and qAnti-HBc (ΔqAnti-HBc) were estimated using mixed-effect linear regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) assessing the association between markers and HBeAg seroclearance were calculated using proportional hazards regression, and the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of marker levels in predicting HBeAg seroclearance were assessed using time-dependent receiving operating characteristic curves. Results During a median of 4.6 years, the cumulative incidences of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg seroclearance were 3.2% (n = 5 of 158) and 27.4% (n = 26 of 95), respectively. ΔqHBcrAg was biphasic in HBeAg-positive patients (−0.051 and −0.011 log10 U/mL/mo during ≤18 and >18 months, respectively) and monophasic in HBeAg-negative patients. ΔqAnti-HBc was monophasic regardless of HBeAg status. In HBeAg-positive patients, baseline qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc levels were associated with HBeAg seroclearance (adjusted HR, 0.48/log10 U/mL [95% confidence interval, .33–.70] and unadjusted HR, 1.49/log10 Paul Ehrlich Institute units/mL [1.08–2.07], respectively). Cutoffs with the highest accuracy in predicting HBeAg seroclearance at 36 months were qHBcrAg <6.5 log10 U/mL at month 24 (Se, 1; Sp, 0.58) and baseline qAnti-HBc ≥4.1 log10 Paul Ehrlich Institute units/mL (Se, 0.42; Sp, 0.81). Conclusions In coinfected patients undergoing TDF, qHBcrAg/qAnti-HBc could be of use in monitoring HBeAg seroclearance.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Seropositivity of Mandatory Blood Transfusion Associated Diseases between Voluntary and Replacement Donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Jagjeewan Ram ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Namrata Nigam ◽  
Aparna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

BACKGROUND Every blood transfusion is associated with 1 % chance of transfusion associated problems including transfusion transmitted blood-borne infections to its recipient. The major globally prevalent transfusion transmitted infections are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis and malaria parasite. We wanted to compare safety of blood among replacement and voluntary donations by comparing the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among them. METHODS All donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for five transfusion transmissible infectious agents - human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis by collecting plasma from the pilot tube attached to the blood bag. Malaria was tested from whole blood sample. RESULTS A total of 24,491 donors was included in the study. Among them 21,090 (86.11 %) were replacement and 3,401 (13.89 %) were voluntary donors. Out of 24,491 donors, 560 (2.29 %) units tested positive. Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) is found to be the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection among both replacement donations and voluntary donations. CONCLUSIONS There should be more voluntary donations to achieve safer blood transfusion practices as self-deferral by donors with high risk condition is the most effective way to reduce prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. KEYWORDS Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Voluntary Donors

scholarly journals Comparison between Elecsys HBsAg II and Architect HBsAg QT Assays for Quantification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Patients Coinfected with HIV and Hepatitis B Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Maylin ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Constance Delaugerre ◽  
Fabien Zoulim ◽  
Fabien Lavocat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Null Value ◽  
Hbeag Status

ABSTRACTHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) quantification has been steadily gaining interest as a clinical marker of therapeutic efficacy, for which two commercial assays are currently available: Architect HBsAg QT (Architect) and Elecsys HBsAg II (Elecsys). HBsAg quantification was evaluated using both assays in 126 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected patients initiating treatment with tenofovir dipivoxil fumarate. Linear regression and correlation were used to establish the relationship between the two methods. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to determine mean between-assay difference and limits of agreement (LOA) (±2 standard deviations [SD]) both overall and stratified on HBV (hepatitis B envelope antigen [HBeAg] status, replication, genotype, HBV mutants) or HIV (CD4+cell count) cofactors. There was a significant correlation between Elecsys and Architect assays (correlation coefficient,r= 0.959;P< 0.001). HBsAg quantification using the Elecsys assay was on average 0.200 log10IU/ml (LOA, −0.500, 0.800) higher than that using Architect, which was consistent across levels of CD4+cell count, presence of precore and YMDD mutations, and HBeAg status. A slightly larger mean between-assay difference was observed with genotypes A and G (0.196 and 0.201, respectively) versus HBV genotypes D and E (0.036 and 0.030, respectively). Mutations on the S region at position s120/s145 were the only determinant in which the mean between-assay difference in HBsAg quantification was lower than the null value (−0.078). In conclusion, the Elecsys assay, with automatic on-board dilution, is capable of quantifying serum HBsAg levels in HIV-HBV-coinfected patients, with very high correlation with the Architect assay.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence and Serology Patterns in a Cohort of HIV Positive Individuals from Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayibongwe Louis Mzingwane ◽  
Tafadzwa Mamvura
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Zimbabwe is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates which may result in HIV/HBV coinfection, and as HIV/HBV coinfection may affect the classical HBV serology patterns and cause interpretation challenges, we assessed the seroprevalence of HBV in HIV positive patients and determined their serology profiles. This was a cross-sectional study on 957 HIV positive specimens from treatment naive patients. HBV serology tests were done using enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HBV markers in human serum or plasma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 17.1% (males 19.0%, females 15.8%). Previous and/or current HBV exposure was evident in 59.8% of the patients and hepatitis B e antigen markers were present in 103 (10.8%) specimens. There was high prevalence of unusual HBV patterns with 14.1% of total specimens showing an anti-HBc alone profile and an additional 4.3% HBsAg positive specimens that were anti-HBc negative.

scholarly journals Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Noboru Urata ◽  
Tsunamasa Watanabe ◽  
Noboru Hirashima ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yokomaku ◽  
Junji Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Hbsag Clearance ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

It has been reported that hepatic flare (HF), attributable to the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected patients, occurs frequently after the start of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). We have observed several cases of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after IRIS. However, the factors leading to HBsAg clearance remain unknown. We measured CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cytokines and chemokines in 16 patients coinfected HIV-1 and HBV with IRIS, and analyzed the factors leading to HBsAg clearance after IRIS. There was no significant difference in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts between the HBsAg clearance and non-clearance groups, while the serum concentrations of almost all cytokines and chemokines in the HBsAg clearance group were higher than in the HBsAg non-clearance group at any time of observation. In particular, IP-10 at the ALT peak, GM-CSF and IL-12 one month after the ALT peak and TNF-α and GM-CSF after the ALT concentrations fell to within normal limits, were significantly higher in the HBsAg clearance group. It seems that HBsAg loss after IRIS requires continued immune responses against HBV, involving Th1 cytokines.

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