scholarly journals Role of Lipids on Entry and Exit of Bluetongue Virus, a Complex Non-Enveloped Virus

Viruses ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1218-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnupriya Bhattacharya ◽  
Polly Roy
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Enveloped Virus

scholarly journals Multiple Routes of Bluetongue Virus Egress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Thomas Labadie ◽  
Edward Sullivan ◽  
Polly Roy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Virus Egress

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus infecting livestock. Its frequent emergence in Europe and North America had caused significant agricultural and economic loss. BTV is also of scientific interest as a model to understand the mechanisms underlying non-enveloped virus release from mammalian and insect cells. The BTV particle, which is formed of a complex double-layered capsid, was first considered as a lytic virus that needs to lyse the infected cells for cell to cell transmission. In the last decade, however, a more in-depth focus on the role of the non-structural proteins has led to several examples where BTV particles are also released through different budding mechanisms at the plasma membrane. It is now clear that the non-structural protein NS3 is the main driver of BTV release, via different interactions with both viral and cellular proteins of the cell sorting and exocytosis pathway. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the molecular biology of BTV egress and compare the mechanisms that lead to lytic or non-lytic BTV release.

The Seasonal End of Human Coronavirus Hospital Admissions with Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

UNSTRUCTURED The seasonality of influenza viruses and endemic human coronaviruses was tracked over an 8-year period to assess key epidemiologic reduction points in disease incidence for an urban area in the northeast United States. Patients admitted to a pediatric hospital with worsening respiratory symptoms were tested using a multiplex PCR assay from nasopharyngeal swabs. The additive seasonal effects of outdoor temperatures and indoor relative humidity (RH) were evaluated. The 8-year average peak activity of human coronaviruses occurred in the first week of January, when droplet and contact transmission was enabled by the low indoor RH of 20-30%. Previous studies have shown that an increase in RH to 50% has been associated with markedly reduced viability and transmission of influenza virus and animal coronaviruses. As disease incidence was reduced by 50% in early March, to 75% in early April, to greater than 99% at the end of April, a relationship was observed from colder temperatures in January with a low indoor RH to a gradual increase in outdoor temperatures in April with an indoor RH of 45-50%. As a lipid-bound, enveloped virus with similar size characteristics to endemic human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 should be subject to the same dynamics of reduced viability and transmission with increased humidity. In addition to the major role of social distancing, the transition from lower to higher indoor RH with increasing outdoor temperatures could have an additive effect on the decrease in SARS-CoV-2 cases in May. Over the 8-year period of this study, human coronavirus activity was either zero or >99% reduction in the months of June through September, and the implication would be that SARS-Cov-2 may follow a similar pattern. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.20103416

Delegation and Control Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Honig
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Country Ownership ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter traces the relationship between political authorizing environments, international development organization (IDO) management, and IDO field agents, drawing on the empirics presented in chapters 6 and 7. It digs into the experience of working for USAID as compared to DFID. It also extends the discussion of delegation to implementing contractors and brings this book’s theorizing of Navigation by Judgment into conversation with other foreign aid solutions aimed at incorporating local knowledge, such as establishing country offices or ensuring projects have country ownership. This chapter connects Part II’s empirics more tightly to the mechanisms theorized in Part I , particularly the role of authorizing environment insecurity and the need to “manage up” (Chapter 4) and their implications for the workplace experience of agents (Chapter 3) and the entry and exit of personnel.

Role of product entry and exit on the attraction effect

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sivakumar ◽  
Joseph Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Attraction Effect ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Product Entry

scholarly journals APPOINTMENT OF DIPLOMATIC HEAD AND STAFF ON IMIRGATION ATTACHES ABROAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Jayadi Al Amien
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Representative Office ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Asian Government

As technology advances and it is easy for humans to move from one region to another, the flow of migration is getting faster and more intense. Of course, the role of the Asian government is very significant in terms of the entry and exit of people in the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia. In making it easier to carry out the Immigration function, it is necessary to establish Immigration representatives abroad, namely the Immigration Attaché and Immigration Technical Staff at the Representative Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Through normative research, the author aims to explain the duties and functions of the Immigration Attache and Immigration Technical Staff at the Indonesian Representative Office and their position as a representative of the Regional Office. The national interest of a country needs to have a relationship between countries in order to create social welfare. The researcher conveys the position of technical attaché and technical staff from an international legal point of view in order to place the duties and functions of the regional offices in the Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia Abroad.

scholarly journals Administrative accounting consulting: a new way of running a company through technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Ramiro Rodrigues Sumar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Scientific Periodicals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Objective: To describe the impact from the obstacles and potentialities that technology has brought to accounting consulting. Question: How can administrative accounting consulting help a company using technologies? Methods: The study is a bibliographic review. A search was conducted with the descriptors: technology; innovation; accounting; accounting on Spell’s data platform (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) in June 2021. The search resulted in 10 articles. Results: the results brought as obstacles: The increasing technological advance, adapt to the use of these new technologies, Centrality of the role of the accountant in traditional models, Lack of software knowledge,Lack of specialized workforce, malfunction of the connection, Skilled labor. And as potentialities: Use of different digital technologies, Agility and time gain, Convenience, inseparable relationship between technology and consultative accounting promoting agile and quality support to its various users, Customer satisfaction, Speed and flexibility and Cost reduction. Conclusions: It is understood that Information Technologies positively influence the exercise of consultative accounting, although in addition to the advantages has its disadvantages. It is worth mentioning that the technologies enable the control of accounting information for the entry and exit of materials and inputs, as well as their origin and final destination, avoiding unnecessary losses, including deviations, agility, flexibility and security.

scholarly journals Optimal Regulation in the Presence of Reputation Concerns *

2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atkeson ◽  
Christian Hellwig ◽  
Guillermo Ordoñez
Keyword(s):  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Equilibrium Prices ◽  
Random Growth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In all markets, firms go through a process of creative destruction: entry, random growth, and exit. In many of these markets there are also regulations that restrict entry, possibly distorting this process. We study the public interest rationale for entry taxes in a general equilibrium model with free entry and exit of firms in which firm dynamics are driven by reputation concerns. In our model firms can produce high-quality output by making a costly but efficient initial unobservable investment. If buyers never learn about this investment, an extreme “lemons problem” develops, no firm invests, and the market shuts down. Learning introduces reputation incentives such that a fraction of entrants do invest. We show that if the market operates with spot prices, entry taxes always enhance the role of reputation to induce investment, improving welfare despite the impact of these taxes on equilibrium prices and total production.

scholarly journals Recovery of bluetongue virus serogroup from sera collected for a serological survey from apparently healthy cattle, from the Sudan

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. E. Abu Elzein
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYVirus of the bluetongue (BT) serogroup was recovered from 11% of cattle sera collected from apparently healthy animals in Khartoum Province for the sole purpose of screening for BT antibodies. Since these sera did not contain BT antibodies, the donor cattle could have been scored as BT free in the serological survey.Virus was initially isolated in chicken embryos inoculated intravascularly, and was further adapted to Vero cell cultures. Isolates were identified as belonging to the BT serogroup using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and complement fixation (CF) tests.The results indicated that cattle in the Sudan could harbour BT virus without showing symptoms of the disease. Such an observation necessitates further work to clarify the role of cattle in the epidemiology of BT in the Sudan.

Calcium and cell cycle control in early embryos

Zygote ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
M Phase

Over the past few years, we have witnessed a burgeoning series of papers addressing the role of calcium signalling in cell cycle control. In this review I will attempt to bring together all the diverse threads and discuss new concepts that have arisen from the most recent data. Because the major part of the data concerns mitosis/meiosis entry and exit, I have focused on these areas. I will jointly refer to meiotic and mitotic phases of the cell cycle as M-phase because these phases are highly comparable. Studies of the cell cycle involve a huge range of species, from plants to humans. I will, however, restrict this review to the work performed in early embryos. I apologise in advance to contributors to this field whose names I do not mention because they do not work on embryos.

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