scholarly journals Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Components: Today and Tomorrow

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan K. Dewan ◽  
Bodo Linz ◽  
Susan E. DeRocco ◽  
Eric T. Harvill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Disease

Pertussis is a highly communicable acute respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Immunity is not lifelong after natural infection or vaccination. Pertussis outbreaks occur cyclically worldwide and effective vaccination strategies are needed to control disease. Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines became available in the 1940s but have been replaced in many countries with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This review summarizes disease epidemiology before and after the introduction of wP and aP vaccines, discusses the rationale and clinical implications for antigen inclusion in aP vaccines, and provides an overview of novel vaccine strategies aimed at better combating pertussis in the future.

scholarly journals Viral etiology in adult influenza-like illness/acute respiratory infection and predictivity of C-reactive protein

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Cinemre ◽  
Cengiz Karacer ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Aziz Öğütlü ◽  
Fatma Behice Cinemre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

Introduction: Influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are common presentations during winter and indiscriminate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the emerging post-antibiotic era. Methodology: Otherwise healthy 152 patients, presenting to outpatient clinics with ILI/ARI, were included. Patients had history & physical, CRP, hemogram and nasopharyngeal swabs for rhinovirus A/B, influenza A/B, adenovirus A/B/C/D/E, coronavirus 229E/NL63 and OC43, parainfluenza virus 1/2/3, respiratory syncytial virusA/B, metapneumovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Bordetella pertussis by PCR and for ABHS culture. Results: Median (IR) age was 26.5 (16.5). Time to presentation was shorter in men (p = 0.027). Patients with rhinovirus had lower rates (20%) of myalgia (p = 0.043). Patients with influenza virus had higher rates (97%) of elevated CRP (p = 0.016). Logistic regression revealed that patients with ILI/ARI and CRP ≥ 5 mg/L were 60 times more likely to have influenza virus infection than other viral agents (OR = 60.0, 95% CI = 2.65 to 1,358.2, p = 0.010). Rhinovirus predominated in December (54%), March (36%), and April (33%). Influenza virus predominated in January (51%). Fever was most common with adenovirus (p = 0.198). All GABHS cultures were negative. Atypical organisms and Bordetella pertussis were negative in all but one patient. Conclusions: Influenza virus is the most likely pathogen in ILI/ARI when CRP ≥ 5 mg/L. This might be explained by tissue destruction. Myalgia is rare with rhinovirus probably due to absence of viremia. Negative bacteria by PCR and culture suggest unnecessary antibiotic use in ILI/ARI.

scholarly journals Improved Efficacy of a Licensed Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Reformulated in an Adjuvant Emulsion of Liposomes in Oil, in a Murine Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1381-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Mansour ◽  
Robert G. Brown ◽  
Annette Morris ◽  
Bruce Smith ◽  
Scott A. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The immunogenicities and efficacies of a licensed diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and the same vaccine formulated in a liposome/oil emulsion adjuvant were compared in a mouse model of pertussis respiratory infection. A single dose of the liposome/oil emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine produced significantly higher antibody levels than one dose of the licensed vaccine and protected mice from Bordetella pertussis infection with an efficacy equivalent to that of three doses of the licensed vaccine.

scholarly journals Mucosal immunization with DTaP confers protection against Bordetella pertussis infection and cough in Sprague-Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Hall ◽  
Graham J. Bitzer ◽  
Megan A. DeJong ◽  
Jason Kang ◽  
Ting Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Mucosal Immunization ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Mucosal Vaccination

Pertussis is a respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative pathogen, Bordetella pertussis ( Bp ). The transition from a whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP; DTP) to an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP; DTaP; Tdap) correlates with an increase in pertussis cases, despite widespread vaccine implementation and coverage, and it is now appreciated that the protection provided by aP rapidly wanes. To recapitulate the localized immunity observed from natural infection, mucosal vaccination with aP was explored using the coughing rat model of pertussis. Overall, our goal was to evaluate the route of vaccination in the coughing rat model of pertussis. Immunity induced by both oral gavage (OG) and intranasal (IN) vaccination of aP in Bp challenged rats over a nine-day infection was compared to intramuscular (IM)-wP and IM-aP immunized rats that were used as positive controls. Our data demonstrate that mucosal immunization of aP resulted in production of anti- Bp IgG antibody titers similar to IM-wP and IM-aP vaccinated controls post-challenge. IN-aP also induced anti- Bp IgA antibodies in the nasal cavity. Immunization with IM-wP, IM-aP, IN-aP, and OG-aP immunization protected against Bp induced cough, while OG-aP immunization did not protect against respiratory distress. Mucosal immunization by both IN and OG administration protected against acute inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in the lung compared to mock vaccinated challenge (MVC) rats. The data presented in this study suggests that mucosal vaccination with aP can induce a mucosal immune response and provide protection against Bp challenge. This study highlights the potential benefits and uses of the coughing rat model of pertussis; however, further questions regarding waning immunity still require additional investigation.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN BISKUIT IKAN BILIH (Mystacoleucus padangensis) TERHADAP STATUS GIZI DAN MORBIDITAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Marni Handayani ◽  
M. Husni Thamrin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After

The problem of malnutrition in children under five years is not a new thing, but the problem is still actual . One of the alleviation program for malnurition problem is food supplementation. The biscuits are used as food supplementation in the community , is still a food manufacturer based flour and it hasn’t enriched yet by exploring the potential of local food that is rich in nutrients, such as fishery products. This research was aimed to see the effect of Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) biscuits on nutritional status and morbidity of malnutrition children under five years in the region of Belimbing Health Centre, Padang city. The study is an experimental research with pre-post test one group design. Preliminary research was done to get the formula Bilih fish flour biscuits by using a completely randomized design (CRD) continued by acceptance with organoleptic test.  The subjects of the research were children ages 2-5 years who where WAZ-scores ≤ -2 SD conducted purposively. The treatmen was given 5 times a week for 3 week. Data collected by antrophometry for nutritional status, interview for morbidity and 24 hour- recall for intake energy and nutritions. Data was analyzed in the continuous stages:   data analysis  to obtain the best functional biscuit formulation was obtained by ANOVA test with 95 % confidence level. The effect of Bilih fish  biscuits on nutritional status and morbidity  was analyzed by paired T-Test. It was found that the best biscuits formula from Bilih fish  was formula F1 (Addition 10 gr of Bilih Fish flour, 500 kkal energy, 7,8 gr protein and 1,9 mg zinc). The average change of WAZ-scores was 0,2 SD after treatmen. There was a decline in the number of children under five suffering from diarrhea and acute respiratory infection after treatment. There was a difference of nutritional status, intake of energy and nutrients, suffering from acute respiratory infection before and after giving the biscuits from Bilih fish flour. There was no difference in suffering from diarrhea before and after treatmen. Giving the biscuits from bilih fish flour can increase WAZ-score. Further research conducted need to look at the acceptability and the efficacy of  Bilih fish flour usage in the  food processing techniques to  improve the value of the food nutrition.

scholarly journals Long-term survival of elderly patients after intensive care unit admission for acute respiratory infection: a population-based, propensity-score matched cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Guillon ◽  
C. Hermetet ◽  
K. A. Barker ◽  
Y. Jouan ◽  
C. Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Frailty Score

Abstract BackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisations of elderly patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) have increased, yet the long-term effect of ICU admission among elderly individuals remain unknown. We examined differences over the two years after discharge in mortality, healthcare utilization and frailty score between elderly survivors of ARI in the ICU and an elderly control population.MethodsWe used 2009-2017 data from 39 hospital discharge databases. Patients ≥80 years old discharged alive from ICU-hospitalisation for acute respiratory infection were propensity-score matched with controls (cataract surgery) discharged from the hospital at the same time and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities present before hospitalisation. We reported 4-year mortality and compared healthcare utilization and frailty scores in the 2-year periods before and after ICU-hospitalisation.Results1,220 elderly survivors of acute respiratory infection in the ICU were discharged, and 988 were successfully matched with controls. After discharge, patients had a 10.1-fold [95%CI, 6.1-17.3] higher risk of death at 6 months and 3.6-fold [95%CI, 2.9-4.6] higher risk of death at 2 years compared with controls. They also had a 2-fold increase in both healthcare utilization and frailty score in the 2 years after hospital discharge, whereas healthcare utilization and frailty scores among controls were stable before and after hospitalisation.ConclusionsWe observed a substantially increased rate of death in the years after ICU-hospitalisation for elderly patients along with elevated healthcare resource use and accelerated age-associated decline as assessed by frailty score. These findings provide data for better informed goals-of-care discussions and may help target post-ICU discharge services.

scholarly journals Long-term survival of elderly patients after intensive care unit admission for acute respiratory infection: a population-based, propensity-score matched cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Guillon ◽  
C. Hermetet ◽  
K. A. Barker ◽  
Y. Jouan ◽  
C. Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Frailty Score

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisations of elderly patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) have increased, yet the long-term effect of ICU admission among elderly individuals remain unknown. We examined differences over the two years after discharge in mortality, healthcare utilization and frailty score between elderly survivors of ARI in the ICU and an elderly control population.Methods: We used 2009-2017 data from 39 hospital discharge databases. Patients ≥80 years old discharged alive from ICU-hospitalisation for acute respiratory infection were propensity-score matched with controls (cataract surgery) discharged from the hospital at the same time and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities present before hospitalisation. We reported 2-year mortality and compared healthcare utilization and frailty scores in the 2-year periods before and after ICU-hospitalisation.Results: 1,220 elderly survivors of acute respiratory infection in the ICU were discharged, and 988 were successfully matched with controls. After discharge, patients had a 10.1-fold [95%CI, 6.1-17.3] higher risk of death at 6 months and 3.6-fold [95%CI, 2.9-4.6] higher risk of death at 2 years compared with controls. They also had a 2-fold increase in both healthcare utilization and frailty score in the 2 years after hospital discharge, whereas healthcare utilization and frailty scores among controls were stable before and after hospitalisation.Conclusions: We observed a substantially increased rate of death in the years after ICU-hospitalisation for elderly patients along with elevated healthcare resource use and accelerated age-associated decline as assessed by frailty score. These findings provide data for better informed goals-of-care discussions and may help target post-ICU discharge services.Funding: None

scholarly journals Long-term survival of elderly patients after intensive care unit admission for acute respiratory infection: a population-based, propensity-score matched cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Guillon ◽  
C. Hermetet ◽  
K. A. Barker ◽  
Y. Jouan ◽  
C. Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Frailty Score

Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisations of elderly patients with acute respiratory infection have increased, yet the long-term effects of ICU admission among elderly individuals remain unknown. We examined differences over the two years after discharge in mortality, healthcare utilization and frailty score between elderly survivors of ARI in the ICU and an elderly control population.Methods We used 2009-2017 data from 39 hospital discharge databases. Patients ≥80 years old discharged alive from ICU-hospitalisation for acute respiratory infection were propensity-score matched with controls (cataract surgery) discharged from the hospital at the same time and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities present before hospitalisation. We reported 2-year mortality and compared healthcare utilization and frailty scores in the 2-year periods before and after ICU-hospitalisation.Results 1,220 elderly survivors of acute respiratory infection in the ICU were discharged, and 988 were successfully matched with controls. After discharge, patients had a 10.1-fold [95%CI, 6.1-17.3] higher risk of death at 6 months and 3.6-fold [95%CI, 2.9-4.6] higher risk of death at 2 years compared with controls. They also had a 2-fold increase in both healthcare utilization and frailty score in the 2 years after hospital discharge, whereas healthcare utilization and frailty scores among controls were stable before and after hospitalisation.Conclusions We observed a substantially increased rate of death in the years following ICU-hospitalisation for elderly patients along with elevated healthcare resource use and accelerated age-associated decline as assessed by frailty score. These findings provide data for better informed goals-of-care discussions and may help target post-ICU discharge services.Funding: None

High prevalence of Bordetella pertussis in young hospitalized infants with acute respiratory infection in the south of China: age- and season-dependent effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-606
Author(s):  
Heping Wang ◽  
Yuejie Zheng ◽  
Ronald de Groot ◽  
Yonghong Yang ◽  
Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
The South ◽  
High Prevalence
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