scholarly journals Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
William Walkowski ◽  
Justin Bassett ◽  
Manmeet Bhalla ◽  
Blaine A. Pfeifer ◽  
Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Delivery Technology

This mini-review will cover recent trends in intranasal (IN) vaccine delivery as it relates to applications for respiratory tract diseases. The logic and rationale for IN vaccine delivery will be compared to methods and applications accompanying this particular administration route. In addition, we will focus extended discussion on the potential role of IN vaccination in the context of respiratory tract diseases, with a special emphasis on pneumococcal disease. Here, elements of this disease, including its prevalence and impact upon the elderly population, will be viewed from the standpoint of improving health outcomes through vaccine design and delivery technology and how IN administration can play a role in such efforts.

scholarly journals Role of Human Polyomaviruses in Respiratory Tract Disease in Young Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1766-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Wattier ◽  
Marietta Vázquez ◽  
Carla Weibel ◽  
Eugene D. Shapiro ◽  
David Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

An investigation into the role of Chlamydophila spp. in bovine upper respiratory tract disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Twomey ◽  
P.C. Griffiths ◽  
M.W. Horigan ◽  
B.C. Hignett ◽  
T.P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis Aiming at Predicting Respiratory Tract Disease Hospital Admissions from Environmental Variables in the City of São Paulo

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coêlho ◽  
Fabio Luiz Teixeira Gonçalves ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The City

This study is aimed at creating a stochastic model, named Brazilian Climate and Health Model (BCHM), through Poisson regression, in order to predict the occurrence of hospital respiratory admissions (for children under thirteen years of age) as a function of air pollutants, meteorological variables, and thermal comfort indices (effective temperatures, ET). The data used in this study were obtained from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1997 and 2000. The respiratory tract diseases were divided into three categories: URI (Upper Respiratory tract diseases), LRI (Lower Respiratory tract diseases), and IP (Influenza and Pneumonia). The overall results of URI, LRI, and IP show clear correlation withSO2and CO,PM10andO3, andPM10, respectively, and the ETw4 (Effective Temperature) for all the three disease groups. It is extremely important to warn the government of the most populated city in Brazil about the outcome of this study, providing it with valuable information in order to help it better manage its resources on behalf of the whole population of the city of Sao Paulo, especially those with low incomes.

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in the lower respiratory tract failure (Literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
I. V. Babachenko ◽  
E. A. Kozyrev ◽  
E. V. Sharipova ◽  
E. D. Orlova ◽  
N. S. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Tract Disease

The sharp increase in viral pneumonia against the background of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 requires more attention to the study of the role of viruses in damage to the lower respiratory tract, including their etiological significance in the development of community-acquired pneumonia. Modern possibilities of laboratory diagnostics make it possible not only to identify and study respiratory viruses, but also to help differentiate active viral infections as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease from virus carriers. The review describes the epidemiological and clinical features of the most relevant or less studied pneumotropic viral infections in children (respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus), including their role in the etiology of pneumonia in children. Understanding the viral etiology of pneumonia in children will reduce the antibacterial load, which will help to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and slow the emergence of antimicrobialresistant bacterial strains.

Infections and respiratory tract disease as risk factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a population-based case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Svensson ◽  
Marie Holmqvist ◽  
Ingrid E Lundberg ◽  
Elizabeth V Arkema
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between infection or respiratory tract disease and future risk of developing idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).MethodsA case–control study was performed using Swedish nationwide registers. Adults with newly diagnosed IIM were identified (2002–2011) from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish Rheumatology Register (n=957). Controls were matched by age, sex and place of residence (n=9476). Outpatient visits and hospitalisations preceding IIM diagnosis indicating infection or respiratory disease were identified from NPR. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95% CI. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the exposure definition, adjusting for previous healthcare consumption and excluding individuals with connective tissue disease, IIM lung phenotype or IIM-associated cancer.ResultsPreceding infections were more common in IIM cases compared with controls (13% vs 9%) and were associated with an increased risk of IIM (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9). Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections were associated with an increased risk of IIM while cutaneous infections were not.Preceding respiratory tract disease was present in 10% of IIM cases and 4% of controls (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.0). Both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases were associated with an increased risk of IIM.Variations in exposure and outcome definitions did not greatly affect the results.ConclusionsInfections and respiratory tract diseases are associated with an increased risk of IIM which suggests that the triggering of the immune system may take place outside the skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Athletes in Different Sports Disciplines

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gałązka-Franta ◽  
Edyta Jura-Szołtys ◽  
Wojciech Smółka ◽  
Radosław Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractUpper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to transient immunosuppression due to high prevalence of allergic diseases in athletes. Regardless of the cause they can exclude athletes from the training program and significantly impair their performance. In the present work, the most common upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes taking into account the disciplines in which they most often occur were presented. The focus was laid on symptoms, diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, preventive procedures which can help reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease in athletes were presented. Management according to anti-doping rules, criteria for return to training and competition as an important issues of athlete’s health were discussed.

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: PRESENT UNDERSTANDING AND PROSPECTS FOR PREVENTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chanock ◽  
Robert H. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Tract Disease

DURING the past ten years there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory disease. Unfortunately development of the means for control of these illnesses has not kept pace with etiologic or epidemiologic understanding. In this presentation an attempt will he made to summarize the role of a number of viruses and mycoplasmas in acute respiratory disease of infancy and childhood. In addition the ecology of such infections will be discussed, particularly those aspects of infection which have relevance to the problem of immunoprophylaxis. Much of the information to be discussed is derived from studies at the Children's Hospital of D.C. and the Junior Village Welfare Nursery of D.C. In many instances similar findings have been reported from other localities so that the conclusions which can be drawn from the Washington, D.C., studies would appear to have more than local significance. Since the Washington D.C., studies represent the longest continuous inquiry into the nature of acute pediatric respiratory disease primary emphasis will be placed on the interpretation of these findings. Bacteria Although group A beta hemolytic streptococci play an important role in upper respiratory tract disease it would appear that these organisms are relatively unimportant in the more serious types of illness in which lower respiratory tract involvement occurs. The careful studies of Babe, Beem, and co-workers indicate that pathogenic bacteria are not important primary etiologic agents in lower respiratory tract disease of infancy and childhood. For this reason major emphasis in this presentation will be given to the role of viruses and mycoplasmas in respiratory disease.

The role of BK virus in acute respiratory tract disease and the presence of BKV DNA in tonsils

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goudsmit ◽  
P. Wertheim-van Dillen ◽  
A. van Strien ◽  
J. van der Noordaa
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease

scholarly journals Association of sinusitis and upper respiratory tract diseases with incident rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210580
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Kronzer ◽  
Weixing Huang ◽  
Alessandra Zaccardelli ◽  
Cynthia S. Crowson ◽  
John M. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Control Study

Objective We aimed to determine whether specific respiratory tract diseases are associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. Methods This case-control study within the Mass General Brigham Biobank matched newly diagnosed RA cases to three controls on age, sex, and electronic health record history. We identified RA using a validated algorithm and confirmed by medical record review. Respiratory tract disease exposure required one inpatient or two outpatient codes at least two years before index date of RA clinical diagnosis or matched date. Logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (OR) for RA with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for confounders. We then stratified by serostatus ("seropositive" was positive rheumatoid factor and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies) and smoking. Results We identified 741 RA cases and 2,223 controls (both median age 55, 76% female). Acute sinusitis (OR 1.61, 95% CI:1.05,2.45), chronic sinusitis (OR 2.16, 95% CI:1.39,3.35), and asthma (OR 1.39, 95% CI:1.03,1.87) were associated with increased risk of RA. Acute respiratory tract disease burden during the pre-index exposure period was also associated with increased RA risk (OR 1.30 per 10 codes, 95% CI:1.08,1.55). Acute pharyngitis was associated with seronegative (OR 1.68, 95% CI:1.02,2.74) but not seropositive RA; chronic rhinitis/pharyngitis was associated with seropositive (OR 2.46, 95% CI:1.01,5.99) but not seronegative RA. Respiratory tract diseases tended towards higher associations in smokers, especially >10 packyears (OR 1.52, 95% CI:1.02,2.27; p=0.10 for interaction). Conclusion Acute/chronic sinusitis and pharyngitis and acute respiratory burden increased RA risk. The mucosal paradigm of RA pathogenesis may involve the upper respiratory tract.

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