scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Physicians Regarding Vaccinations in Yerevan, Armenia: A Case Study of HPV

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Arman R. Badalyan ◽  
Marine Hovhannisyan ◽  
Gayane Ghavalyan ◽  
Mary M. Ter-Stepanyan ◽  
Rory Cave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Vaccines

This paper highlights the low levels of vaccine coverage and high levels of reported vaccination hesitancy in Yerevan, Armenia, that present profound challenges to the control of disease through routine vaccination programmes. We draw on investigations of hesitancy towards the introduction of new vaccines, using the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil as a case study, to interrogate underlying challenges to vaccine acceptance. We analyse primary data from the introduction of Gardasil, first used in Armenia in 2017, to investigate how levels of medical knowledge amongst physicians in 20 health facilities in Yerevan, Armenia, regarding vaccine science influence attitudes towards the introduction of a newly developed vaccine. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was completed by 348 physicians between December 2017 and September 2018. The responding physicians displayed a respectable level of knowledge and awareness regarding vaccination with respect to some characteristics (e.g., more than 81% knew that HPV infection was commonly asymptomatic, 73% knew that HPV infection was implicated in most cervical cancers, and 87% knew that cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer amongst women) but low knowledge and poor understanding of other key issues such as the age at which women were most likely to develop cervical cancer (only 15% answered correctly), whether or not the vaccine should be administered to people who had already been infected (27% answered correctly) and whether sexually active young people should be treated for infection before vaccination (26% answered correctly). The study suggests that the drivers of vaccine hesitancy are complex and may not be consistent from vaccine to vaccine. The Armenian healthcare sector may need to provide additional training, awareness-raising and educational activities alongside the introduction of new vaccines to improve understanding of and trust in vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and Attitude of Physicians Regarding Vaccinations in Yerevan, Armenia: Challenges for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman R Badalyan ◽  
Marine Hovhannisyan ◽  
Gayane Ghavalyan ◽  
Mary M Ter-Stepanyan ◽  
Rory Cave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Primary Data Analysis

Background This primary-data analysis investigates the current level of awareness and medical knowledge of physicians in 20 health facilities in Yerevan, Armenia regarding vaccination, specifically with regard to HPV infection and the recently-introduced Gardasil vaccine used against HPV infection that may have implications for successful roll-outs of national programmes for new vaccines, including those for COVID-19. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was completed by 348 physicians who met the study inclusion criteria, from 20 out of 36 randomly selected healthcare facilities in Yerevan, Armenia, between Dec 2017 to Sep 2018. The aim of the questionnaire was to identify physicians awareness of and attitudes to HPV-related cervical cancer and the Gardasil vaccine. Responses were analysed using SPSS software (Version 16). Results The responding physicians displayed a respectable level of knowledge and awareness regarding vaccination with regard to some characteristics (e.g. more than 81% knew that HPV infection was commonly asymptomatic, 87% were knew that HPV infection was implicated in most cervical cancers and 87% knew that cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer amongst women) but low knowledge in others and poor understanding of key issues such as the age at which women were most likely to develop cervical cancer (only 15% answered correctly); whether or not the vaccine should be administered to people who had already been affected (27% answered correctly) and whether sexually active young people should be treated for infection before vaccination (26%). Lack of confidence within the surveyed groups regarding the value of vaccination and, in particular concerns over the reasons for administering it to certain age cohorts, was driven by misconceptions. Conclusions Armenian physicians awareness of vaccine characteristics, the reasons for their inclusion in the national vaccination programme and the characteristics of the diseases they treat can be poor. The study further suggests that drivers of vaccine hesitancy are complex, may not be consistent from vaccine to vaccine, and may vary from generation to generation. The Armenian healthcare sector may need to provide additional training, awareness-raising and educational activities to improve understanding of and trust in vaccination programmes. Further studies are warranted to better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding immunization and vaccination programmes amongst Armenian healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Intention to Be Vaccinated for COVID-19 among Italian Nurses during the Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Marco Trabucco Aurilio ◽  
Francesco Saverio Mennini ◽  
Simone Gazzillo ◽  
Laura Massini ◽  
Matteo Bolcato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex

Background: While the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally, health systems are overwhelmed by both direct and indirect mortality from other treatable conditions. COVID-19 vaccination was crucial to preventing and eliminating the disease, so vaccine development for COVID-19 was fast-tracked worldwide. Despite the fact that vaccination is commonly recognized as the most effective approach, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine hesitancy is a global health issue. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of nurses in four different regions in Italy between 20 and 28 December 2020 to obtain data on the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccination in order to plan specific interventions to increase the rate of vaccine coverage. Results: A total of 531 out of the 5000 nurses invited completed the online questionnaire. Most of the nurses enrolled in the study (73.4%) were female. Among the nurses, 91.5% intended to accept vaccination, whereas 2.3% were opposed and 6.2% were undecided. Female sex and confidence in vaccine efficacy represent the main predictors of vaccine intention among the study population using a logistic regression model, while other factors including vaccine safety concerns (side effects) were non-significant. Conclusions: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, intention to be vaccinated was suboptimal among nurses in our sample. We also found a significant number of people undecided as to whether to accept the vaccine. Contrary to expectations, concerns about the safety of the vaccine were not found to affect the acceptance rate; nurses’ perception of vaccine efficacy and female sex were the main influencing factors on attitudes toward vaccination in our sample. Since the success of the COVID-19 immunization plan depends on the uptake rate, these findings are of great interest for public health policies. Interventions aimed at increasing employee awareness of vaccination efficacy should be promoted among nurses in order to increase the number of vaccinated people.

scholarly journals Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro ◽  
Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽  
Tuane Carolina de Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Luana Lorena Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Andreza Reis Brasil da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

scholarly journals Awareness about cervical cancer screening among reproductive aged women attending gynaecology outpatient department in ESI PGIMSR & ESIC medical college & Hospital, Joka, Kolkata

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Susmita Chaudhuri ◽  
Rekha Dutt ◽  
Shweta Goswami ◽  
Joydeb Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women especially India. The mainstay of prevention rests on early detection of cases through screening. So, this study aims to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, Human papilloma virus & its vaccination status. Methods: This was an observational study of cross-sectional design conducted among the adult reproductive aged women (18-45 years) visiting Gynaecology OPD at ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka. A pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule was prepared. Face to face interview was conducted in local language. Data was compiled & computed in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total respondents were 97. Majority of the respondents (62.9%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. 8 in 10 participants follow Hinduism. Almost equal percentages of participants were from urban & rural areas (51.5% & 48.5% respectively). 6 in 10 participants had heard about cervical cancer. Majority of the respondents (55%) mentioned friends & family as a source of information. 48.3% of the respondents knew poor genital hygiene as a predisposing risk factor for cervical cancer. Very few knew about other factors like multiple sexual partner (20%), early marriage (33.3%), young age (20%), repeated childbirth (35%), OCP usage (26.7%) as risk factors for cervical cancer. Only one participant had undergone screening test for cervical cancer (1.7%). 46.7% of the respondents were aware about association of HPV infection with cervical cancer. But none of the participants had received vaccine against cervical cancer & they cited lack of awareness as a reason for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions: A well-designed health education program focusing on effective multipronged IEC strategies utilizing pictorials, audio-visual and personal communication on cervical cancer could yield beneficial results. 

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among working women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Sajeda Khatun ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha ◽  
Irtiza Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
Mst Wazeda Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the causes of cervical cancer which is preventable. The study was a cross-sectional study with the objective was to determine the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among working women. A total 236 educated working women were selected purposively from different working places in Dhaka city. A pretested semi- structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The knowledge was assessed by using modified Blooms cut off points which was developed with cervical cancer and vaccine knowledge related questions. The study result revealed that among 236 working women 71.2% knew about the risk factor of cervical cancer. It was found that 92.8% knew about the way of prevention of cervical cancer respectively. The overall knowledge on cervical cancer and vaccine was found to be having good knowledge 21.2%, satisfactory knowledge 41.9% and poor knowledge 36.9%. Out of the total working women only 5.1% had HPV vaccination coverage. Reason behind non vaccinations, 50% mentioned had no knowledge about vaccine, 35.3% mentioned can’t decide and 8.9% mentioned high cost of vaccine. Significant association has been observed in between vaccination coverage with over all knowledge of cervical cancer (p value .04). It may be concluded that HPV vaccination coverage is very low which needs awareness program on this issues through mass media, educational session, counseling and so on to reduce human papillomavirus associated cancers as well as economic burden. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 714-722

scholarly journals Parental concerns and uptake of childhood vaccines in rural Tanzania – a mixed methods study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Vasudevan ◽  
Joy Noel Baumgartner ◽  
Sara Moses ◽  
Esther Ngadaya ◽  
Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
Childhood Vaccines

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy has been recognized as an important barrier to timely vaccinations around the world, including in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, 1 in 4 children is not fully vaccinated. The objective of this mixed methods study was to describe and contextualize parental concerns towards vaccines in Tanzania. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional survey (n = 134) and four focus group discussions (FGDs, n = 38) with mothers of children under 2 years of age residing in Mtwara region in Southern Tanzania. The survey and FGDs assessed vaccination knowledge and concerns and barriers to timely vaccinations. Vaccination information was obtained from government-issued vaccination cards. Results In the cross-sectional survey, 72% of mothers reported missed or delayed receipt of vaccines for their child. Although vaccine coverage was high, timeliness of vaccinations was lower and varied by vaccine. Rural mothers reported more vaccine-related concerns compared to urban mothers; literacy and access to information were identified as key drivers of the difference. Mothers participating in FGDs indicated high perceived risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses, but expressed concerns related to poor geographic accessibility, unreliability of services, and missed opportunities for vaccinations resulting from provider efforts to minimize vaccine wastage. Conclusions Findings from our cross-sectional survey indicate the presence of vaccination delays and maternal concerns related to childhood vaccines in Tanzania. In FGDs, mothers raised issues related to convenience more often than issues related to vaccine confidence or complacency. Further research is necessary to understand how these issues may contribute to the emergence and persistence of vaccine hesitancy and to identify effective mitigation strategies.

A case study of a non-profit organization in an emerging economy: O fonds in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Brent McKenzie ◽  
Emily Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
History Of

PurposeThe focus of this research is to present a case study of a small Latvian-based non-profit organization (NPO), O fonds (Oncology Foundation), and how they are an exemplar of the challenges facing NPOs in countries that do not have a strong history of NPO success. The research is supported through primary data collection of multiple interviews and correspondence with the key informant of O fonds, the CEO. These insights were supported with secondary data analysis of the history of NPOs in emerging markets, as well as the history of cancer screening in Latvia.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address the gap in the existing research literature, a single firm case analysis was selected to provide the context of the study. A series of semi-structured questions focused on O fonds branding and rebranding activities were posed to the CEO of the firm. Subsequent personal interviews were conducted to analyze and interpret the original results. This primary data were linked to secondary data about the practices of O fonds, NPOs in Latvia and the roles and challenges of NPOs in emerging markets.FindingsThe analysis of the findings from the primary data collection found that O fonds' rebranding effort helped to achieve a more stable and significant place for NPOs in the healthcare sector in Latvia and of equal importance with the Latvian general public. Tangible results included more financial support from donors, with an added benefit of increased joint marketing activities with corporate donors. Furthermore, active involvement with O fonds and medical professionals resulted from the rebrand. Also, there was an increase in referral patients to O fonds so they could attempt to get these people support for cancer screening.Research limitations/implicationsQuestions as to issues of validity from the use of a single case study, and greater issues with a single case, single interview method are acknowledged. This potential limitation, with respect to this study, was deemed to be lessened based on the use of multiple interviews and sourcing of secondary company material with the CEO of O fonds. Further support by way of sharing of a secondary data, and organizational insights helped to address any major limitations in the research methodology, as helpful information and materials that might not have been readily available, or unavailable without this level of trust, could be obtained.Practical implicationsExploring how NPOs can rebrand their firm to better meet the needs of society and be most impactful will contribute to both managerial practice and academic literature. By examining how a non-profit rebranding process occurs, in an emerging economy, and determining how effective rebranding can be utilized as a turnaround strategy, is a contribution of this research. Given the limited non-profit rebranding literature, particularly in emerging markets, this study provides exploratory insights within a new context to help propel the field of knowledge.Social implicationsNPOs have been shown to play a valuable role in communities across many regions of the world as NPOs enable citizens to come together to collectively work toward a common goal with the purpose of bettering society. With respect to the focus on O fonds their aim of increasing early detection of cancer continues to rise, but more positively, the incidents of treatable cancer are also rising as the result of the former. Regrettably, this positive trend in increased cancer screening does not equate to lower mortality rates across all countries, particularly countries in emerging markets such as Latvia.Originality/valueThis is one of the first known studies of an NPO in the emerging market of Latvia, in general, and in the Latvian healthcare sector specifically. As there is a dearth of research in this field of study, and the fact that NPO growth is a critical component of society growth in emerging markets, there is an important contribution to be made to both practice, and society, from the findings from this research.

scholarly journals Women’s Knowledge of Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Nasser Al Saadi ◽  
Aisha Hamed Al Muqbali ◽  
Eihab Dawi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk

Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention among Omani women aged 20 to 65 years. Method: This analytic cross-sectional study took place at primary healthcare institutions, in the Al Buraimi governorate, Oman, between November 2018 I believe that in response to comment #5 too much information may have been removed from the Results section, therefore we return the first two paragraphs that were removed to the Results section and make them more concise during the copy editing stage.  and February 2019. The study was carried out on the basis of a predesigned, validated, and self-administered 55 question questionnaire. Results: Data from seven hundred and ninety-one completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis, which represents a response rate of 79.1% of the total. The results of the study indicated that 86.7 percent of surveyed women had previously heard of cervical cancer, and 13.0 per cent assumed the possibility of this disease to affect them in the future. The results showed that women had low awareness of the association between Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer (24.7%). Participants considered HPV infection and initiation of sexual intercourse at an age younger than 17 years as the lowest risks associated with cervical cancer. The results also indicated that 63.8% of women were unaware of a vaccination 'against HPV related cervical cancer' and many of respondents were unaware of Pap test. Women aged over 30 years, those married, and those with a high level of education were more likely to be aware of cervical cancer. Conclusion: General knowledge of cervical cancer among women aged 20 to 65 years is insufficient. Young women aged 20-30 are largely unaware. Thus, concerted efforts are needed to promote awareness among women in Oman. Keywords: Cervical cancer, risk factor, Human Papilloma Virus, vaccine, Pap test.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection and risk factors to cervical cancer in asymptomatic women in the region of the Northeast of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Karol Fireman de Farias ◽  
Adrielle Sonara Gomes Silva ◽  
Ana Caroline Melo dos Santos ◽  
Adriely Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Denise Macedo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

Objective: This study sought to identify the presence of HPV infection and the risk factors related to susceptibility to cervical cancer in asymptomatic women. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with 428 users attended Basic Health Units, in Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral variables, and cytopathological reports were collected. Molecular detection of the HPV virus was performed by Nested-PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 22.0. Results: A total of 428 women were studied, HPV DNA detected in 39.2% (n = 168), with a mean age of 41 years old. There was an association of HPV with use of oral contraceptives (p <0.016) and alcoholism (p <0.038). It was showed a higher frequency of positive HPV in women older than 25 years old (88.7%), up to 5 sexual partners (93.4%), up to 3 pregnancies (71.4%), and with the cytopathologic results within the limits of normality (61.9%). HPV was identified in 40.3% (104/258) of the women with results within the limits of normality. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of oral contraceptives and alcoholism may be considered as possible risk factors related to cervical oncogenesis. With this, it is necessary to propose interventions aimed at the health education of this population, actions of prevention, and early detection.

scholarly journals Awareness and screening practices of cervical cancer among nursing staff working in tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3590
Author(s):  
Swati M. Mahajan ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jadhav ◽  
Anwaya R. Magare ◽  
Sangita A. Adchitre ◽  
Sobha B. Salve
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: In India there are an estimated of 1,32,000 new cases and 74,000 deaths each year of cervical cancer. Out of all the female genital tract cancers, it is the only pre­ventable cancer if detected at its early stages. More than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in India due to a lack of screening that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer. Staff nurses if trained properly, can make aware and screen all the women coming to detect suspicious cases. The present study was carried to assess knowledge regarding cervical cancer, screening procedures and attitude and practices regarding prevention and screening of cervical cancer among nursing staff.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the nursing staff between March to June 2016. A total of 215 nursing staff was enrolled in the study.Results: Majority 75 (34.88%) of the participants were from 41-50 years of age and 147 (67.90%) were married. The majority of the participants received information about cervical cancer and screening from hospital 135 (71.05%) and 40 (21.05%) from the newspaper. Majority of females 68 (35.78%) said HPV infection as major risk factor for cervical cancer. Majority of the females 125 (65.78%) mentioned that discharge p/v is the main symptom. Majority of the participants 66 (38.82%) replied that married Women and sexually active 54 (31.76%) women must be screened.Conclusions: It can be concluded that presently the knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer, as well as its screening process, is satisfactory, but there is a vast scope for improvement. 

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