scholarly journals Influence of Supplementing Sesbania grandiflora Pod Meal at Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Feed Intake, Fermentation Characteristics, and Methane Mitigation in Thai Purebred Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Narirat Unnawong ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Sarong So
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and Sesbania grandiflora pod meal (SG) supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation in Thai purebred beef cattle. Four cattle with 100 ± 5.0 kg body weight were used in this study. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a 4 × 4 Latin square design was conducted, in which factor A was the CP levels in concentrate of 14% and 16% of dry matter (DM) and factor B was the supplement levels of SG at 0.4% and 0.6% DM intake, respectively. The results showed that the CP content in concentrate and SG supplementation had no interaction effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal ecologies, ruminal fermentation products, and nitrogen utilization. Increasing CP content to 16% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrogen (N) intake, N absorption, and N retention. SG supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CP digestibility, NH3-N, blood urea nitrogen, and protozoa. In addition, SG significantly decreased acetate (C2), acetate to propionate ratio, methane, and fecal N excretion, while it significantly increased total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and propionate (C3) concentration. In conclusion, SG could mitigate methane emission and enhance nitrogen utilization.

scholarly journals Influence of Supplementing Sesbania Grandiflora Pod Meal at Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Feed Intake, Fermentation Characteristics, and Methane Mitigation in Thai Purebred Beef Cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narirat Unnawong ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Sarong So
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
N Concentration

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and Sesbania grandiflora pod meal (SG) supplementations on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation in Thai purebred beef cattle. Four cattle with 100 &plusmn; 5.0 kg body weight were used in this study. A 2 &times; 2 factorial experiment in a 4 &times; 4 Latin square design were conducted, in which factor A was the CP contents in concentrate of 14, and 16% of dry matter (DM) and factor B was the supplement contents of SG at 0.4% and 0.6% DM intake, respectively. The results showed that the CP contents in concentrate and SG had no interaction effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal ecologies, ruminal fermentation products, and nitrogen utilization. Increasing CP contents in concentrate did not influence DM intake and nutrients&rsquo; digestibility, and SG supplementation at 0.6% significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased CP digestibility. Increasing CP content to 16% increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration while decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) the NH3-N concentration, protozoal number, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at 4 h post-feeding. The 0.6% supplementation of the SG increased significantly average total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and propionate (C3) concentration while decreased significantly average acetate (C2), C2:C3 ratio, and CH4 production, which was 2.71% for C2, 13.17% for C2:C3 ratio, and 4.37% for CH4 production lower than 0.4% supplementation. Fecal nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased when supplemented with 0.6% of the SG. In conclusion, 0.6% of the SG supplementation showed a greater effect on intake, rumen manipulation, and CH4 mitigation and would recommend supplementation to a concentrate-based diet containing either 14% or 16% CP content.

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

scholarly journals Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
High Level

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.

scholarly journals Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Luiz Henrique Xavier da Silva ◽  
Tatiana García Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco ◽  
Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Sunflower Cake

 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products. 

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils of Cashew and Castor on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Marcantonio Coneglian ◽  
Roman David Castañeda Serrano ◽  
Olga Teresa Barreto Cruz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Ruminal Ph

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of essential oils of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Ricinus communis (Castor) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 5x5 Latin square design (21 days period). The treatments were control MON (0.2 g monensin animal day-1¬) and 1, 2, 4 and 8 g EO animal day-1 (Essential oils - Oligobasics®). All the animals had a basal diet, corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) of 80:20 concentrate:forage ratio. Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives were determined over five consecutive days in each period. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced by treatments (P > 0.05). However, increasing levels of EO showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.014) above 2 g animal day-1 on the ruminal pH. The excretion of allantoin and uric acid were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), but levels above 2 g day decreased the synthesis of microbial proteins (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the EO of A. occidentale and R. comunnis effectively controlled ruminal fermentation as well as sodium monensin at the studied levels. EOs have the potential to be used in place of monensin in the studied levels.

Comparison of alfalfa and mixed alfalfa-sainfoin pastures for grazing cattle: Effects on incidence of bloat, ruminal fermentation, and feed intake

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
B. P. Berg ◽  
L. R. Barbieri ◽  
D. M. Veira ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
D 12

Grazing experiments were conducted over two years to evaluate the effects of incorporating sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) into alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pasture on bloat, ruminal fermentation, and feed intake. Pastures of alfalfa (Alf) and alfalfa-sainfoin (AS) were established by cross-seeding (in 1998) or parallel-seeding in (1999) sainfoin into strip-seeded alfalfa. The pastures were used in grazing studies in 1999 and 2000. For periods of 4 or 5 d, 12 ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were turned out into pastures from 0830 to 1430 daily (without access to water) then were moved to a fenced area (with free access to water but no feed) until the next morning. Feed intake during grazing was estimated using alkane markers, development of bloat was assessed, and ruminal fluid (RF) fermentation properties were determined. Incidence of bloat on first-growth pastures grazed at early bloom in 1999 was unaffected by sainfoin (at 8.3%, DM basis) but was reduced by 80% (P < 0.001) in AS pasture compared with Alf, when grazed at full-bud in 2000 (12.1% sainfoin). With re-growth forage, bloat incidence was decreased by 77% (P < 0.05) on pasture containing 35% sainfoin, but treatment effect was not observed on pastures containing < 23% sainfoin. Incidence of bloat was reduced as the proportion of sainfoin in herbage mass increased. In 2000, ruminal ammonia concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) with mixed forage containing ≥ 12.1% sainfoin, compared with Alf. Protozoal numbers, RF viscosity, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were unaffected by sainfoin in the forage, but acetate:propionate ratios were consistently reduced (P ≤ 0.036). Extracellular polysaccharide-degrading enzyme activities in RF were increased (carboxymethylcellulase and β-glucanase, P ≤ 0.034; xylanase, P = 0.008 and 0.08) by sainfoin at ≥ 12.1%, and proteolytic activities (intracellular and extracellular) were reduced (P ≤ 0.01). Enzyme activities were unaffected by sainfoin at ≤ 9.1%. Sainfoin did not affect (P ≥ 0.202) organic matter intake from any of the pastures surveyed. Sainfoin was more effective for reducing bloat when cattle were grazing first growth pastures than when grazing re-growth. Including 35% sainfoin in mixed alfalfa-sainfoin pastures reduced, but did not eliminate, bloat in beef cattle and enhanced protein utilization by decreasing proteolytic activity. Feed efficiency may be improved through associative effects of the two forages. Key words: Alfalfa, beef cattle, feed intake, grazing, pasture bloat, sainfoin

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT OF TIFTON 85 HAY WITH MANIÇOBA HAY IN THE SPINELESS CACTUS DIET OF SHEEP1 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
FRANCICLEIDE MARIA DE SOUZA CHARLL SANTOS ◽  
DORGIVAL MORAIS DE LIMA JÚNIOR ◽  
DANIEL BARROS CARDOSO ◽  
MICHEL DO VALE MACIEL ◽  
FRANCISCO FERNANDO RAMOS DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in diets based on spineless cactus on the nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behaviour and ruminal parameters of confined sheep. In order to do this, eight male sheep with ruminal cannulae were used, distributed across four levels (0, 333, 666 and 1.000 g kg-1 of dry matter) of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in a double Latin square experimental design. The animals were confined for 60 days divided into four periods of 15 days. The replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay did not influence the dry matter intake or digestibility. However, it influenced in a positive linear fashion the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and in a linear negative fashion the digestibility of insoluble fibre in neutral detergent and crude protein. The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen and the crude protein ruminal content decreased linearly with the replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay. There was no effect of hay replacement on the production of volatile fatty acids or the microbial biofilm. The total replacement Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep did not influence total digestible nutrient intake, volatile fatty acid production or biofilm, but did affect crude protein digestibility, ammonia-nitrogen and crude protein content in the rumen. Therefore, maniçoba hay can replace 300 g kg-1 grass hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep without compromising intake and ruminal parameters.

Effects of different levels of rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates in steer ration on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and the rumen microbial community

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Yanfeng Sun ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Ke Zhou ◽  
Dehuang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary rapeseed cake (RSC) containing high glucosinolates (GLS) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and the rumen microbial community in steers. Eight growing steers and four rations containing RSC (GLS 226·1 μmol/g DM) at 0·00, 2·65, 5·35 and 8·00 % DM were assigned in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results indicated that increasing RSC levels increased the ruminal concentration of thiocyanate (SCN) (P < 0·01), decreased the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and the molar proportion of isovalerate (P < 0·05), did not affect the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P > 0·05), decreased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0·05) and increased the ether extract (EE) digestibility (P < 0·01). Increasing RSC levels tended to decrease the abundances of ruminal Ruminobacter amylophilus (P = 0·055) and Ruminococcus albus (P = 0·086) but did not affect methanogens, protozoa, fungi and other bacteria (P > 0·05). Increasing RSC levels in the ration did not affect the ruminal bacterial diversity (P > 0·05), but it increased the operational taxonomic units and the bacterial richness (P < 0·05) and affected the relative abundances of some bacteria at the phylum level and genus level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, RSC decreased the ruminal concentration of NH3-N and the CP digestibility, increased the EE digestibility and partly affected the ruminal bacterial community. SCN, as the metabolite of GLS, could be a major factor affecting these indices.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

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