scholarly journals Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
João Lozano ◽  
Cristina Almeida ◽  
Ana Cláudia Victório ◽  
Pedro Melo ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Mcmaster Method

Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in several domestic and exotic bird collections in Portugal. Between July 2020 and April 2021, a total of 142 fecal samples from organic layers, peacocks and ratites were collected in four Portuguese bird collections and processed using MF and fecal cultures to identify and calculate GI parasite shedding and prevalence. The McMaster method was also used to compare the shedding levels obtained for both quantitative techniques. MF’s relative sensitivity and specificity were also assessed, using McMaster as the reference technique. The implementation of MF resulted in an average Eimeria spp. shedding higher in peacocks from bird collection 2 (502 OPG), followed by peacocks from collection 1 (107 OPG) and organic layers (24 OPG) and peacocks from collection 3 (9 OPG). Peacocks were also positive for Capillaria spp., Trichostrongylus tenuis and Strongyloides pavonis, whereas ostriches and emus were infected by L. douglassii. The MF protocol for exotic animals and the McMaster method did not differ significantly for each parasitic agent and bird species, and MF achieved relative sensitivities and specificities higher than 70% for Galliform Eimeria spp., peacock helminths and ratites’ L. douglassii infections. Higher L. douglassii EPG values were identified using the MF protocol for exotic species (2 g of feces/38 mL of sucrose solution), followed by McMaster 2/28, MF 5/45 and MF 2/18. The use of MF allowed for obtaining different intestinal parasitic populations in several bird species and locations, and MF 2/38 is globally proposed as the most suitable protocol for bird fecal samples as an alternative to the McMaster method in the diagnosis of avian intestinal parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of calves in Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
TC Nath ◽  
MJU Bhuiyan ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Frisian cross were 46%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The age and genotype of the calves and the locality of investigations might have influenced the prevalence of the parasitic infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 139-142

scholarly journals Use of Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Michele Capasso ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Davide Ianniello ◽  
Leucio Camara Alves ◽  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Flotac Technique

Abstract Animals reared in restricted environments are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection by helminths and protozoa and therefore zoos are characterized as being parasite-rich environments. Successful implementation of control programs of these parasites in zoo environment depends upon precise and rapid diagnosing of gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of the Mini-FLOTAC technique in combination with Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals. Fecal samples were collected from 70 animals in four different zoos located in central and southern Italy. All the samples were analyzed using Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC. Out of the 70 pooled samples examined, 80% (24/30) were positive for at least one parasite. Among the gastrointestinal nematodes, Strongyles were the most frequent (40%), followed by Trichuris spp. (23.3%), Parascaris spp. (13.3%) and Capillaria spp. (3.3%). Among the protozoa, Blastocystis spp., Giardia spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected in 6.6%, 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively. These results show that Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC can be used, not only for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals, but also for monitoring control programs in which large numbers of fecal samples need to be examined rapidly and reliably.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 2091-2096
Author(s):  
Sirikanda Thanasuwan ◽  
Supawadee Piratae ◽  
Anupong Tankrathok
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Fasciola Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Concentration Methods

Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are one of the major problems to the production of cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 333 fecal samples of cattle were collected directly from the rectum. The fecal samples were subjected to formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for examination. The eggs or oocysts were identified based on the morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: Out of 333 fecal samples examined, 320 were found positive for GI parasitic infections with a prevalence of 96.09%. Overall, among the prevalence of nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa, the most prevalent parasites were Strongyle-type 278 (84.24%), followed by Strongyloides spp. 54 (16.36%) and Trichuris spp. 75 (22.73%), while Protozoan oocyst recorded Eimeria spp. amounted to 131 (39.7%). Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. were 67 (20.30%) and 81 (24.55%), respectively. Most of the positive fecal samples were infected with the double infection which has the highest prevalence rate of about 40.24%, followed by single, three, and 4-5 types of parasites 30.63, 16.82, and 7.21%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that Kalasin Province is highly endemic for GI parasites and this area may be an important source for an outbreak. Therefore, every household should deworm its cattle and eliminate and control snails as intermediate hosts. Findings from this study provide information that will assist in improving the cattle in Kalasin Province for better production and higher profitability.

scholarly journals Endoparasites of donkeys (Equus asinus) used in commercial skin exploitation in the Northeast of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e171512
Author(s):  
Jamisson Bispo de Sousa Santos ◽  
Aline Rocha Silva ◽  
Jarbiane Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Ivana Ferro Carmo ◽  
Lucas Santana da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Rectal Ampulla ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Mcmaster Method ◽  
Strongyloides Westeri

The present study identified the main endoparasites present in donkeys (Equus asinus) used in skin exploitation located in Cando municipality, Bahia State, Northeast of Brazil. The samples were collected from September 2019. Feces were collected from the rectal ampulla of 34 animals, macroscopically visualized for parasitic forms, and microscopically evaluated to identify endoparasites forms using the McMaster method. Parasitological results were associated with sex, age, and bodyweight Stata Corp LLC 14. Endoparasites were found in 82.3% of the animals, with the egg count ranging from 50 to 1050 eggs per gram (EPG). The sole presence of superfamily Trichostronglylidae was observed in 67.6% of the donkeys, in 8.8% co-infected by Trichostronglylidae and Eimeria spp., while Trichostronglylidae and Strongyloides westeri was detected in 2.9%, and simultaneous infection by Trichostronglylidae, Strongyloides westeri, and Oxyuris equi was observed in 2.9%. The occurrence of parasitic infections varies according to nutritional status, age, sex, and environmental exposure (p>0.05). A high occurrence of infection was observed in young animals and those with lower body weight.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Intestinal Parasites in Alouatta caraya of the Zoobotanical Park of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Maylane Tavares Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Eric Carvalho Aquim ◽  
Tiago Paixão Ribeiro De Sousa ◽  
Naelson Railson de Sousa Gomes ◽  
Auan Rangel Oliveira De Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Alouatta Caraya ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Great Relevance

Background: The animals of the genus Alouatta are popularly known as Bugios, barbados, roncadores and guaribas, being the neotropical primates better studied in the world. They originate in South America, with records in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Because of their migrations, many are found debilitated and taken to captivity until their rehabilitation and most cannot be reinserted in nature. They tend to live in extensive areas, having a low resistance against parasitic infections because of low exposure and when kept in captivity, the risks of these infections increase. Some diagnostic techniques can aid in the detection of parasites of zoo animals and can identify the parasitic fauna of these animals. The objective of this work was to investigate and report the presence of intestinal parasites in a female Bugio-preta (Alouatta caraya) captive of the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.Case: The animal presented a constipation signs before clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, diarrhea and weight loss, suggestive signs of parasitosis, Sterile papers were placed on the floor of the animal enclosure and collected fresh stools shortly after defecation, the feces were removed using gloves, stored in a capped containers, identified and taken to the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Department of Parasitology and Microbiology of the Federal University of Piauí, for further evaluation. The fecal samples were submitted to the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation (HPJ), centrifugation-flotation (Faust) and flotation method in hyper saturated sucrose solution (Willis-Mollay), obtaining slides that were analyzed under an optical microscope in the 10x and 40x objective, confirming the presence of ascarids and hookworms.Discussion: The results showed the presence of eggs of Ascaris sp. and Ancylostoma sp. in all of the analyzed techniques, thus maintaining an alert, since they are considered helminths of zoonotic character. The general state of the animal may have influenced considerably the result of mixed infection by helminths, since it had episodes of diarrhea and was skinny at the time of diagnosis. Diarrheal feces and slimming favor the encounter of mixed infection, since the parasites in large quantity can cause to their hosts a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and an intestinal peristalsis increase. Other works with primates also revealed the presence of parasites in animals, including protozoans. The collection moment and evaluation of the fecal samples of the Bugio coincided with the rainy period in the region. This fact can favor the increase of eggs and larvae of parasites in the environment and, consequently, can contaminate the animals. Regarding to sanitary management of zoos, areas full of plants and trees make it difficult to hygienize the enclosures and in these places is common the presence of other animals that can serve as carriers of pathogens. The available diagnostic great relevance to assess the degree of animal infection, the possibility of transmission and the sanitary conditions of the environment. It was concluded that the female Bugio of the Teresina Zoobotanical Park was parasitized by ascarids and hookworms and the techniques of parasitological exams performed represented great relevance for the early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment, being able to be used for the control of diseases parasites, mainly zoonoses.

scholarly journals Survey of iodine deficiency and intestinal parasitic infections in school-going children: Bie Province, Angola

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tomlinson ◽  
Vera Adams ◽  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Pieter Jooste ◽  
Emmerentia Strydom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
International Health ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain baseline pre-intervention prevalence levels of iodine deficiency and parasitic and helminth infections in school-going children in Bie Province, Angola.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted in randomly selected schools. The target population was children aged 6–10 years.SettingBie Province, Angola.SubjectsA total of 1029 children sampled, with 791 stool samples and 826 urine samples collected from twenty-four schools.ResultsWidespread severe and moderate deficiencies in iodine. Children in five schools were severely iodine deficient. All sampled schoolchildren were iodine deficient to a greater or lesser extent. In all, 80 % of all children across the twenty-four schools were infected with one or a combination of intestinal helminths and intestinal protozoa.ConclusionsThese findings have serious implications for the cognitive development of Angolan children, as well as for Angola’s development in terms of productivity and economic potential. It is strongly recommended that the provincial and national Ministries of Health, in collaboration with international health agencies, immediately plan and implement a strategy to provide sufficient iodine through iodised oil capsules and iodised salt to the iodine-deficient population. National coalitions need to be strengthened among the government, partners and salt producers. It is also recommended that all the children in schools be de-wormed for multiple helminth species at least twice a year.

scholarly journals Parasitological survey on birds at some selected brazilian zoos

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gonzalez Hofstatter ◽  
Ana Maria Aparecida Guaraldo
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coccidian Species ◽  
Free Ranging

A parasitological survey was conducted at some zoos in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011. Several groups of birds were surveyed for fecal samples, but the most important was Psittacidae. Among the parasites, Eimeria (coccidian) and Capillaria, Ascaridia and Heterakis (nematodes) were observed in almost one third of the samples. Presence of a rich parasite fauna associated with captive birds seems to be an effect of captivity, since data on free-ranging birds indicate few or virtually no parasites at all. The discovery of new coccidian species during this survey reveals the need of more research on the subject as even well-known bird species have unknown parasites, but caution must be exercised in order to avoid descriptions of pseudoparasites.

scholarly journals Evaluation and optimization of microbial DNA extraction from fecal samples of wild Antarctic bird species

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1386536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Eriksson ◽  
Evangelos Mourkas ◽  
Daniel González-Acuna ◽  
Björn Olsen ◽  
Patrik Ellström
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microbial Dna

Parasitic infections detected by FLOTAC in zoo mammals from Warsaw, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Maesano ◽  
Michele Capasso ◽  
Davide Ianniello ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Laura Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Intestinal Parasitism ◽  
Specific Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the Warsaw zoological garden (Poland). 71 pools of fecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC techniques. 48% of animals were positive and 47% of positivities showed multiple infections. Toxocara cati (71.4%) was found in felines; marsupials were infected with Coccidia (90%). Giardia spp. (24.0%), Blastocystis spp. (12.3%), Iodamoeba spp. (10.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (6.0%) and Entamoeba coli (3.3%) were found in primates. Gastrointestinal strongyles (60.5%) were prevalent in ruminants which resulted positive also to Coccidia (Eimeria spp. = 50.0%), Trichuris spp. (25.0%) and Nematodirus (14.0%). Strongyles (34.0%) were the most frequent parasites in monogastric herbivores, followed by Parascaris equorum (17.0%). None of the animals showed any symptom associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections. According to our results the need to prevent, diagnose, control, and treat intestinal parasitism trough specific control programs is mandatory for animal welfare in order to limit the spread of parasitic infections in animals and humans.

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