Simplified Method for the Assessment of Siltation in Semiarid Reservoirs Using Satellite Imagery

The Brazilian semiarid region strongly depends on superficial reservoirs (one every 5 km 2 ) and hence is subject to the deleterious effects of siltation, which reduces water availability. This research proposed a method, simplified bathymetric surveying using remote sensing, for updating the morphological parameters of reservoirs. The study area was the Pentecoste reservoir (360 hm 3 ) in northeastern Brazil. The results were compared to the conventional bathymetric survey method, which demands more sampling points (235 compared to 1) and was assumed as reference. Siltation assessed through the proposed method was nearly twice as high as that observed through conventional surveys. The morphological parameters derived by both methods were used to assess the long-term water balance of the reservoir. The results show that the outflow diverged 30%, while the evaporated discharge and water availability diverged 10% between the methods. Therefore, in the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region, the simplified method suffices to assess the water availability of reservoirs affected by silting.

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A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 150 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

A New Species

Erythroxylum angelicae, a new species of Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum, is described and illustrated. This species occurs in “Carrasco” vegetation of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by the persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, and palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3-setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Affinity relationships with other species of Erythroxylum are also presented and discussed.

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GENETIC SIMILARITY OF Macrophomina pseudophaseolina ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH WEEDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n405rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 908-917

Author(s):

TALISON EUGÊNIO DA COSTA ◽

ANDRÉIA MITSA PAIVA NEGREIROS ◽

MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA ◽

RUI SALES JÚNIOR ◽

IONÁ SANTOS ARAÚJO HOLANDA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Similarity ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Effective Control ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Control Methods ◽

Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Combining Data ◽

Vine Decline ◽

And Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Macrophomina pseudophaseolina has recently been reported in association with weeds in melon producing areas in Northeastern Brazil. Species from this genus are the causal agents of root rot and vine decline (RRVD) in melon, reducing its productivity. It is needed to know the genetic variability of the pathogen to develop effective control methods. Thus, this work aimed to assess the genetic diversity among M. pseudophaseolina isolates collected from the weeds Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Boerhavia diffusa L. using ISSR and RAPD markers. For this, 41 M. pseudophaseolina isolates were submitted to amplification with five ISSR and ten RAPD primers. Genetic similarity was analyzed using the Jaccard’s coefficient and cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method. Combining data from both markers, the 41 isolates were separated into eight groups. Most groups were not arranged according to geographical origin and host of the pathogen. The genetic similarity among isolates ranged from 0.15 to 0.87. On the other hand, the highest genetic dissimilarity (85%) was observed between the isolate MpBr11, collected from T. portulacastrum in Icapuí (CE), and MpBr65, collected from B. diffusa in Assú (RN). Results obtained herein can assist breeding programs for the selection of resistance sources and the development of effective control methods against RRVD in melon.

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Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Author(s):

Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽

Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽

Leonardo Vieira de Souza ◽

Luiz Aurelio Freitas Pereira ◽

Almir Rogerio Evangelista de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Profit Margin ◽

Production Costs ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Net Income ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Sesame Genotypes ◽

N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

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Monitoring meteorological drought in a semiarid region using two long-term satellite-estimated rainfall datasets: A case study of the Piranhas River basin, northeastern Brazil

Atmospheric Research ◽

10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 105380

Author(s):

Célia Soares de Brito ◽

Richarde Marques da Silva ◽

Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos ◽

Reginaldo Moura Brasil Neto ◽

Victor Hugo Rabelo Coelho

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region

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Proline content of sunflower cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000800012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 970-973

Author(s):

Luciana Marques de Carvalho ◽

Stela Braga de Araújo ◽

Hélio Wilson Lemos de Carvalho ◽

Claudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Natural Water ◽

Water Availability ◽

Proline Content ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Severe Water Deficit ◽

Brazilian Northeast

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the proline content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars, in the conditions of natural water deficit in the Brazilian semiarid region. Thirteen cultivars were sown in experiments set in three sites in the Brazilian Northeast. Proline content was determined on leaves from plants at the R4-R5 stage. Significant differences among cultivars occurred only where water availability was lower. Proline averages ranged from 3.47 to 17.41 μg g-1. The sunflower cultivars BRS387, BRS323, and BRS324 showed the greatest proline contents with 54.74, 46.27, and 35.16 μg g-1, respectively. These are the cultivars that accumulate more proline under conditions of a severe water deficit.

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Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8159354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽

Deiviane Calegar ◽

Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽

Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽

Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Quality ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

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Sheep poisoning by Panicum dichotomiflorum in northeastern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2009000100015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 94-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Franklin Riet-Correa ◽

Mitsue Haraguchi ◽

Antônio F. M. Dantas ◽

Rodrigo G. Burakovas ◽

Akihito Yokosuka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Furostanol Saponins ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

The Face ◽

One Year ◽

Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Different species of Panicum, including P. dichotomiflorum,have been reported as a cause of photosensitization in sheep, horses, cattle and goats. An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization occurred in 3 flocks of hair sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. Eighty one out of 365 sheep were affected and 39 died. The main affected animals were nursing lambs and sheep younger than one year old. Donkeys, goats and cattle grazing in the same pasture were not affected. Clinical signs were edema of the head, followed by dermatitis, mainly in the face, ears, and croup, ocular discharge, corneal opacity with blindness, and redness of the coronary band and hoof. At necropsy of one affected lamb the liver was yellowish. Upon histologic examination scattered necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the liver and focal areas of necrosis of myocytes appeared in the heart. Samples of P. dicotomiflorum were analyzed by TLC and those containing saponins were isolated by HPLC using RP-C18 column and eluted with a mixture of MeOH and H2O. The isolated compounds were submitted to ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Reactions were positive to furostanol saponins with the same Rf of the standard protodioscin (0.21) and methylprotodioscin (0.32). The spectroscopic results indicated a mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-protodioscin isomers in a proportion of 3:1, and methylprotodioscin.

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Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Health Vulnerability to Drought in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6262

Author(s):

Júlia Alves Menezes ◽

Ana Paula Madureira ◽

Rhavena Barbosa dos Santos ◽

Isabela de Brito Duval ◽

Pedro Regoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Health Determinants ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Promotion Policies ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Health Vulnerability

Health determinants might play an important role in shaping the impacts related to long-term disasters such as droughts. Understanding their distribution in populated dry regions may help to map vulnerabilities and set coping strategies for current and future threats to human health. The aim of the study was to identify the most vulnerable municipalities of the Brazilian semiarid region when it comes to the relationship between drought, health, and their determinants using a multidimensional index. From a place-based framework, epidemiological, socio-economic, rural, and health infrastructure data were obtained for 1135 municipalities in the Brazilian semiarid region. An exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce 32 variables to four independent factors and compute a Health Vulnerability Index. The health vulnerability was modulated by social determinants, rural characteristics, and access to water in this semiarid region. There was a clear distinction between municipalities with the highest human welfare and economic development and those municipalities with the worst living conditions and health status. Spatial patterns showed a cluster of the most vulnerable municipalities in the western, eastern, and northeastern portions of the semiarid region. The spatial visualization of the associated vulnerabilities supports decision making on health promotion policies that should focus on reducing social inequality. In addition, policymakers are presented with a simple tool to identify populations or areas with the worst socioeconomic and health conditions, which can facilitate the targeting of actions and resources on a more equitable basis. Further, the results contribute to the understanding of social determinants that may be related to medium- and long-term health outcomes in the region.

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Distribution of planktonic microcrustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) in lentic and lotic environments from the semiarid region in northeastern Brazil

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/1678-4766e2020002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

Author(s):

Leidiane P. Diniz ◽

Cláudio S. de Morais Júnior ◽

Ittalo L.S. Medeiros ◽

Alef J. da Silva ◽

Alan P. Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Abundance Patterns ◽

Lotic Environments ◽

Long Term Studies

Abstract The present study aimed to inventory the biodiversity of planktonic microcrustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) in 44 environments from the semiarid region of Brazil, increasing the knowledge about zooplankton community, including phytophilous species. Between 2011 and 2017, organisms were collected in a non - systematic way in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Ceará and Paraíba. A total of 60 species of planktonic microcrustaceans were identified, of which 52 were cladocerans and eight were copepods. The basin that presented the highest richness was Pajeú River with 41 species. Nevertheless, the extrapolated number of species shows an increasing tendency for this basin. The genus composition was different between the basins, with Moxotó basin (Pernambuco) being isolated from the others, probably since lagoons were the only type of environment sampled in this basin. Richness and abundance patterns were higher for the basins where sampling was mainly performed in lentic environments, such as Pajeú and Moxotó. Microcrustacean inventories and long-term studies need to be conducted more frequently to better understand the biodiversity of continental aquatic ecosystems in the semiarid region of Brazil.

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Distribuição local e regional de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) no semiárido do nordeste do Brasil (Local and regional distribution of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v12.3.p944-960 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 944

Author(s):

Carlos Antônio Belarmino Alves ◽

João Everthon Da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Natan Medeiros Guerra ◽

Ramon Santos Souza ◽

Mariana Muniz Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Uma das vegetações que tem sido utilizada pelas populações tradicionais ao longo do tempo, e investigada por especialistas é a do semiárido. Muitos estudos realizados nessa região são direcionados para espécies de usos madeireiro e medicinal. Nesta pesquisa, realizou-se uma análise pontual da distribuição local de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, com base em informações coletadas em comunidades rurais de seis municípios do estado da Paraíba. Foram registrados 1.559 indivíduos de M. urundeuva em 144 horas de turnê guiada. Percebeu-se que que as populações desta espécie tendem a formar aglomerados, estando alguns localizados próximos as residências, o que pode ser explicado pela utilização medicinal das cascas para diversas enfermidades. Os dados abordados neste estudo refletem as características ambientais de cada área estudada, indicando para cada região a melhor forma de manejo para as populações locais desta espécie. A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to analyze the daily and seasonal variations of the components of the radiation balance -and photosynthetically active radiation for the Caatinga during a dry year in Pernambuco Semi-Arid. The experiment was conducted during the year 2012 in Petrolina, PE, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. To determine the components of the radiation balance we used a balance radiometer CNR1 model installed the 13.3 meters of surface. Additionally, we analyzed the interaction between vegetation and radiation using sensors to monitor the photosynthetically active radiation above and in different positions under the canopy of scrub. These data were used to calculate the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fRFAi) and absorbed (fRFAa). A wide seasonal variation of solar radiation and net radiation was observed that reached daily averages around 23 MJ m-2 d-1 and 15 MJ m-2 d-1, respectively. In this case, it was observed that the magnitude of the component values of the radiation balance was mainly affected due to the cloudiness and changes in vegetation which mainly affected the levels of emittance and reflection surface. With regard to fractions of intercepted and absorbed photosynthetic active radiation, it was observed that they had daily average values over the next years, which were equal to 0.69 and 0.64 in order. This data can be extremely useful for a better understanding of the interaction between the savanna and the atmosphere under natural climatic conditions.Keywords: radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, Caatinga, dry.

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