Sediment Transport in Sewage Pressure Pipes, Part I: Continuous Determination of Settling and Erosion Characteristics by In-Situ TSS Monitoring Inside a Pressure Pipe in Northern Germany

Continuous measurement systems are widely spread in sewers, especially in non-pressure systems. Due to its relatively low costs, turbidity sensors are often used as a surrogate for other indicators (solids, heavy metals, organic compounds). However, little effort is spent to turbidity sensors in pressurized systems so far. This work presents the results of one year in-situ turbidity/total suspended solids (TSS) monitoring inside a pressure pipe (600 mm diameter) in an urban region in northern Germany. The high-resolution sensor data (5 s interval) are used for the determination of solids sedimentation (within pump pauses) and erosion behavior (within pump sequences). In-situ results from sensor measurements are similar to laboratory results presented in previous studies. TSS is decreasing exponentially in pump pauses under dry weather inflow with an average of 0.23 mg/(L s). During pump sequences, solids eroded completely at a bed shear stress of 0.5 N/m². Sedimentation and erosion behavior changes with the inflow rate. Solids settle faster with increasing inflow: at storm water inflow with an average of 0.9 mg/(L s) and at diurnal inflow variation up to 0.6 mg/(L s) at 12:00 a.m. The results are used as calibration data for a sediment transport simulation in Part II.

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In situ continuous monitoring of nitrogen with ion-selective electrodes in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater: an operating protocol to obtain reliable data

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.052 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1706-1713 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sandrine Papias ◽

Matthieu Masson ◽

Sébastien Pelletant ◽

Stéphanie Prost-Boucle ◽

Catherine Boutin

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Ion Selective Electrodes ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Evaluation Of Performance ◽

Real Performance

Abstract Constructed wetlands receiving treated wastewater (CWtw) are placed between wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies, under the perception that they increase water quality. A better understanding of the CWtw functioning is required to evaluate their real performance. To achieve this, in situ continuous monitoring of nitrate and ammonium concentrations with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) can provide valuable information. However, this measurement needs precautions to be taken to produce good data quality, especially in areas with high effluent quality requirements. In order to study the functioning of a CWtw instrumented with six ISE probes, we have developed an appropriate methodology for probe management and data processing. It is based on an evaluation of performance in the laboratory and an adapted field protocol for calibration, data treatment and validation. The result is an operating protocol concerning an acceptable cleaning frequency of 2 weeks, a complementary calibration using CWtw water, a drift evaluation and the determination of limits of quantification (1 mgN/L for ammonium and 0.5 mgN/L for nitrate). An example of a 9-month validated dataset confirms that it is fundamental to include the technical limitations of the measuring equipment and set appropriate maintenance and calibration methodologies in order to ensure an accurate interpretation of data.

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LISÍMETROS DE PESAGEM PARA MEDIDAS DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO EM ESTUFA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n4p715-722 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 715-722

Author(s):

Izabela Paiva Martins ◽

Rogério Teixeira De Faria ◽

Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽

Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽

Carolina Oliverio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Storage System ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Load Cell ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Mass Variation ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

E Mail

LISÍMETROS DE PESAGEM PARA MEDIDAS DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO EM ESTUFA IZABELA PAIVA MARTINS; ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI; ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI; CAROLINA OLIVERIO E LUIS GUILHERME POLIZEL LIBARDI Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, Sp, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Lisímetros de pesagem são utilizados com a finalidade de determinar os componentes do balanço hídrico, particularmente a evapotranspiração e a evaporação. Dentre as inúmeras metodologias, esta apresenta maior precisão, porém, para a obtenção de dados confiáveis, sua calibração deve ser executada in situ. Esse trabalho objetivou calibrar 12 lisímetros de pesagem, verificar a presença de linearidade e histerese das medidas, e avaliar a precisão dos equipamentos. Os lisímetros apresentavam diâmetro e profundidade de 30 cm, com uma célula de carga em cada lisímetro para a determinação da variação de massa, acoplada a um sistema de aquisição e armazenamento de dados. A calibração foi realizada comparando-se a adição e remoção de pesos com massa conhecida (em kg) com a leitura da célula de carga (em mV). Os dados de calibração foram lineares, apresentando correlação significativa da massa em resposta a voltagem. Os coeficientes angular e linear variaram de 762,78 a 1187,8 kg mV-1 e -444,99 a -798,00 kg, respectivamente. O erro absoluto variou de 0,03 a 0,54, mostrando alta precisão dos lisímetros. A precisão constatada na obtenção da variação da massa foi de 0,79 mm, com o índice de concordância de Willmott foi de 0,99, mostrando a concordância entre os valores estimados e os observados. Conclui-se que os lisímetros são adequados para a determinação da evapotranspiração de cultivo. Palavras-chave: lisimetria, célula de carga, balanço hídrico MARTINS, I. P.; FARIA, R. T. de; PALARETTI, L. F.; DALRI, A. B.; OLIVERIO, C.; LIBARDI, L. G. P.WEIGHING LYSIMETERS FOR GREENHOUSE EVAPOTRASPIRATION MEASUREMENTS 2 ABSTRACT Weighing lysimeters are used for the purpose of determining water balance components, especially for evapotranspiration and evaporation. Within all know methods, lysimeter is considered the most accurate, but in order to obtain reliable data, their calibration must be performed in situ. The objective of this work was to calibrate 12 lysimeters to verify measurements’ linearity and the existence of hysteresis, besides evaluating the equipment's accuracy. The lysimeters had diameter and depth of 30 cm, with one load cell in each lysimeter for determination of mass variation, connected to a data acquisition and storage system. The calibration was performed by comparing the load and unload know mass (kg) with the load cell reading (mV). The calibration data were linear, presenting a significant mass correlation in response to voltage. The angular and linear coefficients varied from 762.78 to 1187.8 kg mV-1 and -499.99 to -798.00 kg, respectively. The absolute error ranged from 0.03 to 0.54, showing a high accuracy of the lysimeters. The accuracy for mass variation was 0.79 mm and the Willmott concordance index was 0.99, showing the good agreement between the estimated and observed values. It can be concluded that lysimeters are suitable for crop evapotranspiration determination. Keywords: lisimetry, load cell, water balance

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INDIREKTE PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER HARNOESTROGENE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0380545 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 545-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Kecskés ◽

F. Mutschler ◽

I. Glós ◽

E. Thán ◽

I. Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Granulosa Cell ◽

Iron Content ◽

List Type ◽

Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Phenol Fraction ◽

Qualitative Determination

ABSTRACT 1. An indirect paperchromatographic method is described for separating urinary oestrogens; this consists of the following steps: acidic hydrolysis, extraction with ether, dissociation of phenol-fractions with partition between the solvents. Previous purification of phenol fraction with the aid of paperchromatography. The elution of oestrogen containing fractions is followed by acetylation. Oestrogen acetate is isolated by re-chromatography. The chromatogram was developed after hydrolysis of the oestrogens 'in situ' on the paper. The quantity of oestrogens was determined indirectly, by means of an iron-reaction, after the elution of the iron content of the oestrogen spot, which was developed by the Jellinek-reaction. 2. The method described above is satisfactory for determining urinary oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, but could include 16-epioestriol and other oestrogenic metabolites. 3. The sensitivity of the method is 1.3–1.6 μg/24 hours. 4. The quantitative and qualitative determination of urinary oestrogens with the above mentioned method was performed in 50 pregnant and 9 non pregnant women, and also in 2 patients with granulosa cell tumour.

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In situ determination of toughness indices of fibre reinforced concrete

Materials and Structures ◽

10.1617/14157 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

P. Antonaci

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Fibre Reinforced Concrete

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In Situ Determination of the Increase in Saturation Solubility of Nanocrystals of Poorly Soluble Drugs

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2bdd462b8028d88d9ab ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Roland Bodmeier

Keyword(s):

Poorly Soluble Drugs ◽

Saturation Solubility ◽

Poorly Soluble

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Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

10.26434/chemrxiv.11345063.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keishiro Yamashita ◽

Kazuki Komatsu ◽

Hiroyuki Kagi

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

High Pressure ◽

Crystal Growth ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Growth Technique ◽

Salt Hydrate ◽

X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

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DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v11i1.149 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Bista ◽

G. B. Khattri ◽

B. D. Acharya ◽

S. C. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Key Words ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Seed Set ◽

Summer Season ◽

Conditioning Period ◽

Root Parasite ◽

One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

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