Greenhouse and Nursery Water Management Characterization and Research Priorities in the USA

Nursery, floriculture, and propagation production accounted for 79% ($13.3 Billion) of 2017 ornamental specialty crop production in the United States. Access to high quality water sources is increasingly limited for irrigating these economically significant crops. Given the production, environmental, and economic issues associated with the use of water—including recycled, reclaimed, surface, and ground water—it is critical to develop sustainable runoff, containment, and remediation technologies, and to identify alternative sources of water. To better understand current practices and future water-related needs as perceived by grower stakeholders, an online survey was distributed nationally and five in-depth round table discussion sessions were conducted at the Mid-Atlantic Nursery Trade Show, Gulf States Horticultural Expo, California Grown Show, AmericanHort’s Cultivate, and the Farwest Show with a total of 36 individual industry participants. A team of research and extension specialists facilitated by a Specialty Crops Research Initiative Planning Grant (NIFA Project # 2011-51181-30633) analyzed and concisely summarized the results from the survey and the round table discussions. Research priorities related to water management identified by stakeholders revolved around six themes: (1) recycled water infrastructure and management; (2) contaminants; (3) plant health and water quality; (4) water treatment technologies; (5) competing and complementary water uses; (6) societal perception of agricultural water use.

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Growing climatic sensitivity of U.S. agriculture linked to technological change and regional specialization

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aat4343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. eaat4343 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ariel Ortiz-Bobea ◽

Erwin Knippenberg ◽

Robert G. Chambers

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Climate Data ◽

Specialty Crops ◽

Regional Specialization ◽

Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽

Climatic Sensitivity

A pressing question for climate change adaptation is whether ongoing transformations of the agricultural sector affect its ability to cope with climatic variations. We examine this question in the United States, where major increases in productivity have fueled most of agricultural production growth over the past half-century. To quantify the evolving climate sensitivity of the sector and identify its sources, we combine state-level measures of agricultural productivity with detailed climate data for 1960–2004. We find that agriculture is growing more sensitive to climate in Midwestern states for two distinct but compounding reasons: a rising climatic sensitivity of nonirrigated cereal and oilseed crops and a growing specialization in crop production. In contrast, other regions specialize in less climate-sensitive production such as irrigated specialty crops or livestock. Results suggest that reducing vulnerability to climate change should consider the role of policies in inducing regional specialization.

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Vanishing weekly cycles in American and Canadian hydropeaking rivers

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-953 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Dery ◽

Tricia Stadnyk ◽

Tara Troy ◽

Marco Hernandez-Henriquez

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

United States Of America ◽

Kendall Test ◽

The United States ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Regulated Rivers ◽

Common Features ◽

The Usa ◽

Weekly Cycles

<p>Sub-daily and weekly streamflow cycles termed hydropeaking are common features in regulated rivers across the globe. Weekly periodicity in flows arises from fluctuating hydropower demand and production tied to socioeconomic activity, typically with higher consumption during weekdays followed by reductions on weekends. In this presentation, we will introduce a novel weekly hydropeaking index to quantify the intensity and prevalence of weekly hydropeaking cycles at 368 sites across the United States of America (USA) and Canada over 1920-2019. Our results reveal a robust weekly hydropeaking signal exists at 1.3% of available sites starting in 1920 with a fraction that peaks at 16.7% of sites in 1963. Highly hydropeaking signals then diminish to only 3.3% of available sites in 2019, marking a 21st century declining pattern in hydropeaking intensity across parts of North America. Application of the Mann-Kendall Test reveals 95 locally significant declines in weekly hydropeaking intensity between 1980-2019. Our results can be attributed to diminishing differences between streamflow on weekends versus weekdays in regulated rivers across Canada and the USA. We will conclude the presentation with a discussion on how these findings may be tied to shifts in socioeconomic activity, alternative modes of electricity production, and legislative and policy changes impacting water management in regulated systems.</p>

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Variation in career and workplace attitudes by generation, gender, and culture differences in career perceptions in the United States and China

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/er-01-2014-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 66-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Xiang Yi ◽

Barbara Ribbens ◽

Linna Fu ◽

Weibo Cheng

Keyword(s):

Generational Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Work Values ◽

The United States ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chinese Sample ◽

Content Type ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare and understand how age, gender and culture affect individual career and work-related attitudes in Chinese and American samples. Design/methodology/approach – Online and printed questionnaires were administered to employees and managers in China, whereas in the USA, faculty, staff and students at a Midwestern university responded to an online survey. Snowball sampling technique was used to collect data. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to test the hypothesis. Findings – The study showed different work values and attitudes in the workplace between Chinese and the US samples, and indicated the specifics influences that national culture has on them. Culture affects generational changes; generational differences in the US sample are bigger than in Chinese sample; work values differ across generations and cultures; traditional gender role differences persist more strongly across generations in Chinese sample than in the US sample. Research limitations/implications – Generalizability issues; cross-sectional data. Practical implications – US-based multi-national corporations need to understand these differences and better manage their diverse employees operating in China. Originality/value – This study compared generation, culture and gender differences simultaneously; parallel groups at similar life stages were used by basing the boundaries of each generation on the distinct cultural events of each nation. This approach is more consistent with generation definitions than by using influential specific events of each country, respectively. Useful to managers, it will provide guidance for understanding work values and attitudes across gender and generations in the USA and China. Most benefit will occur for US based multinational companies that have Chinese operations, and manage employees with cultural, gender and generational differences.

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Round Table Discussion: The Regulatory View on Outcome Methodologies for Pharmacologic Trials in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Alzheimer's Disease

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610296002682 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 323-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ursula Kern ◽

Catherine Petersen ◽

Paul Leber

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Round Table ◽

The United States ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Table Discussion

Barry Reisberg: We're very fortunate in having here the regulatory persons from the United States, Canada, and Germany, in the persons of Paul Leber, Catherine Petersen, and Ursula Kern. I hope that we can proceed more or less in the fashion that the last round table went, which is your reactions as you've been listening to what you've been hearing today. And also your reactions, more generally, in terms of the field. We'll start with Dr. Kern and then Dr. Petersen and then Dr. Leber.

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The Association between Medication Experiences and Beliefs and Low Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Disease from Two Different Societies: The USA and the Sultanate of Oman

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9010031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Kamla M. Ibrahim ◽

Jon C. Schommer ◽

Donald E. Morisky ◽

Raquel Rodriguez ◽

Caroline Gaither ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Online Survey ◽

Medical Center ◽

The United States ◽

Sultanate Of Oman ◽

Improve Medication Adherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Usa ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

The U.S

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the association between medication experiences and beliefs and self-reported medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases in two different samples from two different societies: the USA and the Sultanate of Oman. The Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS-8) questionnaire was used to measure medication adherence. Three items (statements) were used for measuring medication experiences and beliefs variable on a four-point Likert scale adapted from the 2015 National Consumer Survey of the Medication Experience and Pharmacists’ Role (NCSME&PR). In the U.S., quantitative secondary data analysis of 13,731 participants was conducted using the 2015 NCSME&PR, a self-administered online survey coordinated by Qualtrics Panels between 28 April 2015 and 22 June 2015. The same variables were translated into Arabic, with studies conducted at the Royal Court Medical Center in Oman, and data from 714 participants were collected between 16 June 2019 and 16 August 2019. Data were analyzed using IMB/SPSS version 24.0 software. Chi-square analysis and descriptive statistics were used. The results showed that the low adherence rates for medication (MMAS-8 < 6) were 56% and 52% in Omani and U.S. groups, respectively. Approximately 90% of the U.S. and Omani participants believed that “medicines are a life-saver”; however, medication adherence was higher in Oman (30%) than in the United States (9%) for these participants. In total, 60% of the U.S. and 29% of Omani participants believed that “medicines are a burden”; however, about 60–65% of participants in both countries were in the low medication adherence group. Additionally, 63% of the U.S. and 83% of the Omani participants disagreed that “medicines do more harm than good”; however, medication adherence in the U.S. (15%) was higher than in Oman (8%). In conclusion, a decrease in low medication adherence was observed with positive medication experiences and beliefs. However, the impacts of medication experiences and beliefs on low medication adherence rates were different from one population to another. The “medication burden” statement resulted in the highest percentage of difference in terms of low medication adherence rates between those who agree and those who disagree in the U.S. group (20%), whereas the “medicines are a life-saver” statement resulted in a greater difference in the Omani group (30%). Proper communication between patients and healthcare providers based on the patient’s medication experiences and beliefs will substantially improve medication adherence.

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Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.9.2.237 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 237-242

Author(s):

GEORGE M. WHEATLEY ◽

JAY M. ARENA ◽

ROBERT H. KOTTE ◽

BENJAMIN J. HOYER

Keyword(s):

Round Table ◽

The United States ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Permanent Disability ◽

Fatal Accidents ◽

Fatal Accident ◽

Cause Of Deaths

Chairman Wheatley: Our theme is a discussion of prevention. We want to discuss the question: How can we help prevent accidents in children? The meeting will be divided into 2 parts. Dr. Arena and I will outline the accident problem for the first part. For the second part, we will discuss the preventive aspects and what pediatricians can do about preventing accidents. We want you to do most of the talking in this part. I would like to give you a brief picture of the dimensions of the accident problem. 1. It is the leading cause of deaths ages 1-14; kills about 14,000 at these ages annually—more than the next 6 combined (pneumonia, congenital anomalies, cancer, tuberculosis, leukemia, heart disease). 2. Every year between ages 1-5 kills twice as many children as rubeola, scarlet fever, pertussis, diphtheria, dysentery, tuberculosis and poliomyelitis combined. 3. For every fatal accident, it is estimated there are 90-150 severe injuries. No comprehensive studies are available to show the magnitude in terms of injury, cost of treatment, permanent disability in the United States child population. English hospital admission study showed 22% of the accidents requiring hospital treatment happened to children under the age of 5 years, though this age group constituted only 8% of the population. 4. About a third of all fatal accidents to children (1-14) occur in the home; for those under 5 years of age, nearly half the fatal accidents are home accidents. The home is a much more important site than this for injury to children, if we include nonfatal accidents because deaths caused by motor vehicles influences the fatal accident picture.

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First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en15061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Michelle L. Hladik ◽

Dana W. Kolpin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Crop Production ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

The United States ◽

Environmental Data ◽

National Scale ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽

Research Areas ◽

The Usa ◽

Stream Transport

Environmental context Neonicotinoids are under increased scrutiny because they have been implicated in pollinator declines and, more recently, as potential aquatic toxicants. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on concentrations of multiple neonicotinoids in surface water. This paper presents a summary of concentrations of six neonicotinoids in streams from across the United States in both urban and agricultural areas. These environmental data are important in determining the potential risk of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Abstract To better understand the fate and transport of neonicotinoid insecticides, water samples were collected from streams across the United States. In a nationwide study, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 53% of the samples collected, with imidacloprid detected most frequently (37%), followed by clothianidin (24%), thiamethoxam (21%), dinotefuran (13%), acetamiprid (3%) and thiacloprid (0%). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam concentrations were positively related to the percentage of the land use in cultivated crop production and imidacloprid concentrations were positively related to the percentage of urban area within the basin. Additional sampling was also conducted in targeted research areas to complement these national-scale results, including determining: (1) neonicotinoid concentrations during elevated flow conditions in an intensely agricultural region; (2) temporal patterns of neonicotinoids in heavily urbanised basins; (3) neonicotinoid concentrations in agricultural basins in a nationally important ecosystem; and (4) in-stream transport of neonicotinoids near a wastewater treatment plant. Across all study areas, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 63% of the 48 streams sampled.

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Personality and world music preference of undergraduate non-music majors in South Korea and the United States

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735617716757 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 611-625

Author(s):

Hyesoo Yoo ◽

Sangmi Kang ◽

Victor Fung

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Latin American ◽

Online Survey ◽

Rating Scale ◽

The United States ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Music Preference ◽

Preference Rating ◽

The Usa ◽

Nonmusic Majors

We investigated contributors of undergraduate nonmusic majors’ preferences for world musics, specifically those from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Drawing upon the reciprocal feedback model as a theoretical framework, we determined the extent to which predictor variables (familiarity with the music, personality, and music absorption) were related to music preference. Participants were 401 undergraduate nonmusic majors from South Korea ( n = 208) and the USA ( n = 183). Participants took an online survey via Qualtrics that included demographic information, the World Musics Preference Rating Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Absorption in Music Scale. Results indicated that, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preferences for world musics. For the U.S. participants, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preference for musics from each continent. By contrast, for the South Korean participants, although familiarity was also the strongest predictor for African, Latin American, and Asian musics, openness to experience was not consistently the second strongest contributor. For African music, openness to experience was ranked second; for Latin American and Asian music, agreeableness and music absorption were ranked second, respectively.

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The use of non-speech oral-motor exercises among Indian speech-language pathologists to treat speech disorders: An online survey

South African Journal of Communication Disorders ◽

10.4102/sajcd.v62i1.82 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roha M. Thomas ◽

Ramesh Kaipa

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

The United States ◽

Speech Disorders ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Oral Motor ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

Oral Motor Exercises

Objective: Previous surveys in the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), and Canada have indicated that most of the speech-language pathologists (SLPs) tend to use non-speech oral-motor exercises (NSOMEs) on a regular basis to treat speech disorders.At present, there is considerable debate regarding the clinical effectiveness of NSOMEs. Thecurrent study aimed to investigate the pattern and extent of usage of NSOMEs among Indian SLPs.Method: An online survey intended to elicit information regarding the use of NSOMEswas sent to 505 members of the Indian Speech and Hearing Association. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section solicited demographic information, the second and third sections solicited information from participants who did and did not prefer to use NSOMEs, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the responses that were clinically relevant.Results: A total of 127 participants responded to the survey. Ninety-one percent of the participants who responded to the survey indicated that they used NSOMEs.Conclusion: The results suggested that the percentage of SLPs preferring to use NSOMEsis similar to the findings of surveys conducted in the USA, the UK, and Canada. The Indian SLPs continue to use NSOMEs based on a multitude of beliefs. It is important for SLPs toincorporate the principles of evidence-based practice while using NSOMEs to provide high quality clinical care.

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