scholarly journals Consequences of the Integration of a Hyperbolic Funnel into a Showerhead for Droplets, Jet Break-Up Lengths, and Physical-Chemical Parameters

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten V. van de Griend ◽  
Luewton L. F. Agostinho ◽  
Elmar C. Fuchs ◽  
Nigel Dyer ◽  
Willibald Loiskandl
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Jet Velocities

Introducing a hyperbolic vortex into a showerhead is a possibility to achieve higher spray velocities for a given discharge without reducing the nozzle diameter. Due to the introduction of air bubbles into the water by the vortex, the spray is pushed from a transition (dripping faucet) regime into a jetting regime, which results in higher droplet and jet velocities using the same nozzle diameter and throughput. The same droplet and jet diameters were realized compared to a showerhead without a vortex. Assuming that the satisfaction of a shower experience is largely dependent on the droplet size and velocity, the implementation of a vortex in the showerhead could provide the same shower experience with ~14% less water consumption compared to the normal showerhead. A full optical and physical analysis was presented, and the important chemical parameters were investigated.

Submikroninių aerozolio dalelių kilmės ir fizikinių-cheminių parametrų įtaka atmosferos šiluminei pusiausvyrai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julija Pauraitė-Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Submicron Aerosol ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerosol Source

The impact of submicron aerosol source and physical-chemical parameters on atmospheric radiative balance

Dry and storm weather transport of coliforms and faecal streptococci in combined sewage

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ashley ◽  
W. Dabrowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sediment Bacteria ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Combined sewage coliform bacteria are important as indicators of pathogenic microorganisms and of their possible discharge into the environment. Whilst specifying limits for viruses, most legislation recognises the difficulty of enumerating such organisms and also prescribes limits for coliforms. Despite the importance of these organisms, little is known about their numbers and behaviour in sewerage systems. A data collection programme is described which has monitored dry and wet weather sewage coliform bacteria and also sediment bacteria. These data are used to review recent UK recommendations for assessing bacteria numbers in storm discharges. It is concluded that relationships between bacteria numbers and other physical/chemical parameters may be developed during DWF, but are seasonally and catchment dependent. Extension of DWF measurements to predict storm bacteria may be possible with more data.

Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Commercial Yeasts on Volatile Fraction of Sparkling Wines

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Valeriu V. Cotea ◽  
Mihai Cristian Focea ◽  
Camelia Elena Luchian ◽  
Lucia Cintia Colibaba ◽  
Elena Cristina Scutarașu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aging Stage

The occurrence of aroma constituents in sparkling wines, with direct impact on their organoleptic characteristics, is affected by several factors, for example the base-wine particularities, grapes cultivar conditions, inoculated yeasts, the aging stage, and wine-making practices. This study evaluated the influence of different four commercial yeasts (IOC FIZZ™, IOC DIVINE™, LEVULIA CRISTAL™, and IOC 18-2007™) on the volatile composition of experimental sparkling wines. For this, five sparkling wines variants from the Muscat Ottonel grape variety were obtained. The base-wine was obtained through reverse osmosis and had a predetermined alcoholic concentration (10.5% vol.). In order to fulfill the proposed purpose, the experimental sparkling wines were characterized by the physical–chemical parameters (according to International Organization of Vine and Wine methods of analysis), volatile fraction (using gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique), and sensory descriptors. Data showed a key impact on the concentration of the volatile constituents (p < 0.05), depending on the type of inoculated yeast for the second fermentation. Regarding the sensory analysis, important differences can be observed due to the type of inoculated yeast. Only a minor influence on the physical–chemical parameters was registered.

scholarly journals Determination of trace metals in water from Mangueira Lagoon – RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-620
Author(s):  
Filipe Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Eduarda Medran Rangel ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract Determination of trace metals was carried out in Mangueira Lagoon, in the southern zone of Rio Grande do Sul. Samples were collected at five points to evaluate the concentrations of the following trace metals: copper, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel and iron. Metals were determined by digestion with concentrated nitric acid and pre-concentrated in Chelex 100 resin analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In parallel, the physical-chemical parameters pH, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and organic matter in the water were determined. Potassium and sodium metals were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry. The analyzes of pH and conductance were analyzed in the field while the others were done in the laboratory of the research group of environmental contaminants (GPCA). Through the results of physical-chemical parameters of the water, the Mangueira Lagoon exhibits a low degree of contamination, but in the future may compromise the biota of the lagoon. Regarding the focus of this work, of Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn (heavy metals), only lead and iron obtained the values above that are established in CONAMA 357/2005.

scholarly journals The Mater-Bi® biodegradable film for strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) mulching: effects on fruit yield and quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Morra ◽  
Maurizio Bilotto ◽  
Domenico Cerrato ◽  
Raffaella Coppola ◽  
Vincenzo Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soluble Solid

Two trials in different agricultural farms were carried out from October 2014 to June 2015 with the aim to assess the advantages linked to the substitution of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) films for soil mulching with the Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> biodegradable films in the strawberry cultivation under tunnel in Campania. Lifetime of biodegradable mulch and influence of type of mulch on the yield and the quality of cvs Sabrina and Fortuna were evaluated. Plants were cultivated on mulched, raised beds, high 40 cm from bottom soil. Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> film was 20 <span>µ</span>m thick while LDPE film was 50 mm thick. The physical-chemical parameters (firmness, pH, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and skin colour) and some bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity) of fruits were determined by three samplings effected in consecutive months (from March to May 2015) of the harvest cycle. Biodegradable film guaranteed an effective mulch along the whole strawberry cycle (9-10 months including the time of drawing up of film). Yields of cv Sabrina on LDPE was 18% higher than those on Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> while the opposite was detected in cv Fortuna (+10%). The physical-chemical parameters of fruits were not modified by the mulches. The content of the bioactive compounds, instead, resulted, in each time of sampling, significantly higher in fruits picked on Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> based film.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document