scholarly journals Using Wastewater in Irrigation: The Effects on Infiltration Process in a Clayey Soil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar A. Albalasmeh ◽  
Mamoun A. Gharaibeh ◽  
Ma’in Z. Alghzawi ◽  
Renato Morbidelli ◽  
Carla Saltalippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Relevant Effect

Soil water infiltration is a critical process in the soil water cycle and agricultural practices, especially when wastewater is used for irrigation. Although research has been conducted to evaluate the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of soils irrigated by treated wastewater, a quantitative analysis of the effects produced on the infiltration process is still lacking. The objective of this study is to address this issue. Field experiments previously conducted on three adjacent field plots characterized by the same clayey soil but subjected to three different irrigation treatments have been used. The three irrigation conditions were: non-irrigated (natural conditions) plot, irrigated plot with treated wastewater for two years, and irrigated plot with treated wastewater for five years. Infiltration measurements performed by the Hood infiltrometer have been used to estimate soil hydraulic properties useful to calibrate a simplified infiltration model widely used under ponding conditions, that were existing during the irrigation stage. Our simulations highlight the relevant effect of wastewater usage as an irrigation source in reducing cumulative infiltration and increasing overland flow as a result of modified hydraulic properties of soils characterized by a lower capacity of water drainage. These outcomes can provide important insights for the optimization of irrigation techniques in arid areas where the use of wastewater is often required due to the chronic shortage of freshwater.

scholarly journals Impacts of Different Tillage Practices on Soil Water Infiltration for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Roua Amami ◽  
Khaled Ibrahimi ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Paul Milham ◽  
Hiba Ghazouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
The Impact

Over the years, cultivation using sustainable tillage practices has gained significant importance, but the impact of tillage on soil water infiltration is still a concern for landowners due to the possible effects on crop yield. This study investigates the impact of different tillage managements on the infiltration rate of sandy clay loam soil under a semiarid environment. Field experiments were conducted in Chott Mariem Sousse, Tunisia. The tillage practices consisted of three treatments, including a tine cultivator (TC, 16 cm), moldboard plows (MP, 36 cm) and no-tillage (NT). Three infiltration models, Kostiakov, Philip and Horton, were applied to adjust the observed data and evaluate the infiltration characteristics of the studied soils. Comparison criteria, including the coefficient of determination (R2), along with the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to investigate the best-fit model. The results showed that moldboard plowing enhanced soil infiltration capacity relative to tine cultivation and no-tillage treatments. The mean saturated hydraulic conductivity was highest under MP, while it was lowest in NT, with 33.4% and 34.1% reduction compared to TC and MP, respectively. Based on the obtained results, Philip’s model showed better results with observed infiltration due to a higher R2 (0.981, 0.973 and 0.967), lower RMSE (3.36, 9.04 and 9.21) and lower MAE (1.46, 3.53 and 3.72) recorded, respectively, for NT, MP and TC. Horton’s model had a low regression coefficient between observed and predicted values. It was suggested that the Philip two-term model can adequately describe the infiltration process in the study area.

Observation and modeling on irregular purple soil water infiltration process

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-bing Cheng ◽  
Lin-yao Dong ◽  
Feng Qian ◽  
Bei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration

scholarly journals Inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties and water repellency following artificially induced drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Andreas Schwen ◽  
Keith L. Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

AbstractGlobal climate change is projected to continue and result in prolonged and more intense droughts, which can increase soil water repellency (SWR). To be able to estimate the consequences of SWR on vadose zone hydrology, it is important to determine soil hydraulic properties (SHP). Sequential modeling using HYDRUS (2D/3D) was performed on an experimental field site with artificially imposed drought scenarios (moderately M and severely S stressed) and a control plot. First, inverse modeling was performed for SHP estimation based on water and ethanol infiltration experimental data, followed by model validation on one selected irrigation event. Finally, hillslope modeling was performed to assess water balance for 2014. Results suggest that prolonged dry periods can increase soil water repellency. Inverse modeling was successfully performed for infiltrating liquids, water and ethanol, withR2and model efficiency (E) values both > 0.9. SHP derived from the ethanol measurements showed large differences in van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) parameters for the M and S plots compared to water infiltration experiments. SWR resulted in large saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decrease on the M and S scenarios. After validation of SHP on water content measurements during a selected irrigation event, one year simulations (2014) showed that water repellency increases surface runoff in non-structured soils at hillslopes.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Farahnak ◽  
Keiji Mitsuyasu ◽  
Kyoichi Otsuki ◽  
Kuniyoshi Shimizu ◽  
Atsushi Kume
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.

scholarly journals Depression storage and infiltration effects on overland flow depth-velocity-friction at desert conditions: field plot results and model

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3293-3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rossi ◽  
J. O. Ares
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Water infiltration and overland flow are relevant in considering water partition among plant life forms, the sustainability of vegetation and the design of sustainable hydrological models and management. In arid and semi-arid regions, these processes present characteristic trends imposed by the prevailing physical conditions of the upper soil as evolved under water-limited climate. A set of plot-scale field experiments at the semi-arid Patagonian Monte (Argentina) were performed in order to estimate the effect of depression storage areas and infiltration rates on depths, velocities and friction of overland flows. The micro-relief of undisturbed field plots was characterized at z-scale 1 mm through close-range stereo-photogrammetry and geo-statistical tools. The overland flow areas produced by controlled water inflows were video-recorded and the flow velocities were measured with image processing software. Antecedent and post-inflow moisture were measured, and texture, bulk density and physical properties of the upper soil were estimated based on soil core analyses. Field data were used to calibrate a physically-based, mass balanced, time explicit model of infiltration and overland flows. Modelling results reproduced the time series of observed flow areas, velocities and infiltration depths. Estimates of hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow (Reynolds-Froude numbers) are informed. To our knowledge, the study here presented is novel in combining several aspects that previous studies do not address simultaneously: (1) overland flow and infiltration parameters were obtained in undisturbed field conditions; (2) field measurements of overland flow movement were coupled to a detailed analysis of soil microtopography at 1 mm depth scale; (3) the effect of depression storage areas in infiltration rates and depth-velocity friction of overland flows is addressed. Relevance of the results to other similar desert areas is justified by the accompanying biogeography analysis of similarity of the environment where this study was performed with other desert areas of the world.

scholarly journals Estimation of overland flow metrics at semiarid condition: Patagonian Monte

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5837-5869
Author(s):  
M. J. Rossi ◽  
J. O. Ares
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Distributed Modelling ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Water Mass Balance

Abstract. Water infiltration and overland flow (WIOF) processes are relevant in considering water partition among plant life forms, the sustainability of vegetation and the design of sustainable hydrological management. WIOF processes in arid and semiarid regions present regional characteristic trends imposed by the prevailing physical conditions of the upper soil as evolved under water-limited climate. A set of plot-scale field experiments at the semi-arid Patagonian Monte (Argentina) was performed in order to estimate infiltration-overland descriptive flow parameters. The micro-relief of undisturbed field plots at z-scale <1 mm was characterized through close-range stereo-photogrammetry and geo-statistical modelling. The overland flow areas produced by experimental runoff events were video-recorded and the runoff speed was measured with ortho-image processing software. Antecedent and post-inflow moisture were measured, and texture, bulk density and physical properties of the soil at the upper vadose zone were estimated. Field data were used to calibrate a physically-based, time explicit model of water balance in the upper soil and overland flows with a modified Green-Ampt (infiltration) and Chezy's (overland flow) algorithms. Modelling results satisfy validation criteria based on the observed overland flow areas, runoff-speed, water mass balance of the upper vadose zone, infiltration depth, slope along runoff-plume direction, and depression storage intensity. The experimental procedure presented supplies plot-scale estimates of overland flow and infiltration intensities at various intensities of water input which can be incorporated in larger-scale hydrological grid-models of arid regions. Findings were: (1) Overland flow velocities as well as infiltration-overland flow mass balances are consistently modelled by considering variable infiltration rates corresponding to depression storage and/or non-ponded areas. (2) The statistical relations presented allow the estimation of theoretical hydrodynamic parameters (Chezy's frictional C, average overland flow depth d*) through measurable characteristics of the surface soil and overland flow kinetics. (3) A protocol of field experiments and coupled time-distributed modelling to 1–2 above is described. The methodology and results obtained in this study are probably relevant to similar arid-semiarid areas of the world.

scholarly journals Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Gharaibeh ◽  
N.I. Eltaif
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Irrigation with treated wastewater is essential for increasing crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Field experiments were conducted on rainfed clayey soil to investigate the impact of water quality, cultivation, and different cropping systems on cumulative infiltration (F<sub>(t)</sub>), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC<sub>fs</sub>), penetration resistance (PR), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Treatments were: (1) barley fields tilled for the past 20&nbsp;years (C<sub>B</sub>-T), (2) olive tree fields tilled for the past 20 years (C<sub>O</sub>-T), (3) non-cultivated field for 20&nbsp;years, tilled for the last 2 years (NC-T<sub>2yr</sub>), and (4) non-cultivated non-tilled field (NC-NT) for the past 20 years (control). Results indicated that F<sub>(t)</sub>, HC<sub>fs</sub>, PR, and WSA in NC-NT were significantly higher than in all other treatments. Compared to fresh water (FW), treated wastewater (TWW) significantly reduced F<sub>(t)</sub> and HC<sub>fs</sub> in all treatments. This study showed that irrigation with TWW and protection of soil from any physical manipulation improved soil hydraulic and physical properties to acceptable levels. Therefore, application of such practices could be recommended in arid clayey soils.

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