scholarly journals Study of the Water Quality Index and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for a River Receiving Treated Landfill Leachate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Brenda Tan Pei Jian ◽  
Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Ho Ho
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent

Rising solid waste production has caused high levels of environmental pollution. Population growth, economic patterns, and lifestyle patterns are major factors that have led to the alarming rate of solid waste production. Generally, solid wastes such as paper, wood, and plastic are disposed into landfills due to its low operation and maintenance costs. However, leachate discharged from landfills could be a problem in surfaces and groundwater if not adequately treated. This study investigated the patterns of the water quality index (WQI) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) along Johan River in Perak, Malaysia, which received treated leachate from a nearby landfill. An artificial neural network (ANN) was also applied to predict WQI and PAH concentration of the river. Seven sampling stations were chosen along the river. The stations represented the upstream of leachate discharge, point of leachate discharge, and five locations downstream of the landfill. Sampling was conducted for one year starting July 2018. Physicochemical parameters, namely pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen, were used to compute the water quality index (WQI). PAH concentrations were determined by liquid–liquid extraction of water samples followed by an analysis using gas chromatography. Results showed that WQI of Johan River was under Class III where intensive treatment was required to make it suitable for drinking purposes. The highest recorded PAH concentrations were fluoranthene (333.4 ppb) in the dry season and benzo(a) pyrene (93.5 ppb) in the wet season. A correlation coefficient (Rp) for a model prediction based on WQI-ANN and TEC-ANN (toxicity equivalent concentration) in the wet and dry seasons was 0.9915, 0.9431, 0.9999, and 0.9999, respectively. ANN results showed good model performance with Rp ≈ 0.9. This study suggested that ANN is a useful tool for water quality studies.

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX IN SUNGAI LANGAT, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salleh Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Abas Kutty ◽  
Fauziah Raji ◽  
Intan Sazrina Saimy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
River Classification ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Water Quality Classification

A study to determine the Water Quality Index (WQWQII) of Sungai Langat was conducted in which 10 sampling stations were selected. Water quality samples were taken according to the standard methods recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and manual HATCH for the lab tests. The measurements done on site were to obtain reading parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels using the meter YSI 556 MPS. Laboratory analysis was conducted to get parameter readings such as total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N). All the parameters tested were the sub index needed in the calculation of the water quality classification.  River classification is done according to the National Water Quality Index (WQS). The Pearson statistical correlation analysis was carried out to show the relationship between the sub-index parameter of (0.01) and the sampling stations for all parameters studied. Stations 1 and 2 were categorized in class I with an average value of (93.55 ± 2.27) and (92.56± 2.54) respectively. Station 3 recorded an average WQI reading of (91.55 ± 2.33) in class II while stations 4 to 10 recorded readings from (76.03 ± 4.72) to (68.60 ± 4:51) in class III. Generally the results show that the Water Quality Index from the sampling stations are categorized between classes I to III.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7703
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Ruitao Jia ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Zhuoran Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Weakly Alkaline

Groundwater is an important source of water in Beijing. Hydrochemical composition and water quality are the key factors to determine the availability of groundwater. Therefore, an improved integrated weight water quality index approach (IWQI) combining the entropy weight method and the stochastic simulation method is proposed. Through systematic investigation of groundwater chemical composition in different periods, using a hydrogeochemical diagram, multivariate statistics and spatial interpolation analysis, the spatial evolution characteristics and genetic mechanism of groundwater chemistry are discussed. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and low mineralized water. The south part of the study area showed higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total hardness and NO3−-N in the dry season and wet season, and the main hydrochemical types are HCO3−-Ca and HCO3−-Ca-Mg. The natural source mechanism of the groundwater chemical components in Chaoyang District includes rock weathering, dissolution and cation exchange, while the human-made sources are mainly residents and industrial activities. Improved IWQI evaluation results indicate that water quality decreases from southwest to northeast along groundwater flow path. The water quality index (WQI) method cannot reflect the trend of groundwater. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the improved IWQI method could describe the overall water quality reliably, accurately and stably.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX OF THE NEGRO AND RESENDE RIVERS IN DUAS BARRAS DISTRICT, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL) / ANÁLISE DO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DOS RIOS NEGRO E RESENDE NO DISTRITO SEDE DE DUAS BARRAS, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRASIL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Isabella Robert Rodrigues ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes ◽  
Andréa Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão ◽  
Sérgio Vieira Anversa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

In Brazil, about 49% of the population does not have access to the sewage collection network, with the consequent direct discharge of their sewage network into water bodies. Due to this scenario, it is essential to investigate the quality of the water consumed by thousands of people along the Negro and Resende Rivers. The present study analysis the waters of the Negro and Resende rivers, located in Dois Rios River Basin, in the municipality of Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ, SE Brazil), based on the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (United States). The population of the district located in the municipality of Duas Barras dumps the domestic sewage directly into the hydrographic network. The analyzed parameters were: turbidity, total solid residue, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogenation potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermotolerant coliforms. The values obtained from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) showed a variation from 40 to 68, meaning that the quality of water vary between bad and acceptable in the study area. The samples collected in the urban area contained values for thermotolerant coliforms in disagreement with the maximum value permissible for classes 2 and 3 of fresh water by CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente; a Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 357/2005. The results of the analyzes confirmed the contamination of the two rivers by the discharge of domestic effluents, showing that actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sewage in the surveyed water bodies, since it may cause public health risks. ResumoNo Brasil, cerca de 49% da população não possui acesso à rede de coleta de esgoto, com o consequente despejo direto da sua rede de esgotos em corpos hídricos. Diante deste cenário, torna-se indispensável investigar a qualidade da água consumida por milhares de pessoas ao longo dos rios Negro e Resende. A presente pesquisa analisou qualitativamente as águas dos rios Negro e Resende, localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dois Rios, no município de Duas Barras/RJ, a partir do índice de qualidade das águas proposto pela National Sanitation Foundation. A população do distrito sede do município de Duas Barras despeja o esgoto doméstico diretamente na referida rede hidrográfica. Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, resíduo sólido total, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, potencial hidrogêniônico, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes termotolerantes. Os valores obtidos no cálculo do índice de qualidade das águas (IQA) mostraram uma variação de 40 a 68, significando uma qualidade da água entre ruim e razoável. As amostras coletadas na área urbana apresentaram valores para coliformes termotolerantes em desacordo com o valor máximo permitido para classes 2 e 3 de água doce, regulamentados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. O resultado das análises confirmou a contaminação dos dois rios pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos, os quais poderão originar riscos de saúde pública. Os resultado evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para eliminar ou minimizar os despejos de esgotos nos referidos corpos hídricos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality of the Titas River Using NSF Water Quality Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Islam ◽  
T. Rasul ◽  
J. Bin Alam ◽  
M. A. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)

scholarly journals Water Quality Index Score in River Water Treatment Plant at Upper Klang and Gombak River Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6462-6467
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Target Class ◽  
River Catchment

National River Water Plants are located along upper Klang and Gombak river catchment to purify the polluted river using direct contact methods. As the current water quality situation in the study area is poor due to the contribution of anthropogenic activities on the water quality degradation in these urban rivers, the investigation was performed using the Water Quality Index. This paper gives the overall performance of RWTP using Water Quality Index (WQI) calculation methods. The WQI act as the basis of environment assessment towards to river water quality classification under Malaysia National Water Quality Standards. As an overall result, 57 percent from the total effluents achieve target Class II and above and another 43 percent achieve Class III and below regardless of two (2) RWTPs are under target from the average monitoring; RWTP Sg Gisir and RWTP Sg Sentul. However, the result for RWTP Sg Sentul is not yet conclusive since the monitoring duration is less than 2 years. Certainly, RWTP Sg Gisir needs to be taken into consideration for more frequent maintenance of the RWTP or upgrading of the RWTP oxidation tank as suggested in several MBBR/IFAS operation. As to improve the RWTP performance to score higher WQI, the introduction of recycling sludge in the biological tank so it will be a shorter reaction time. Additionally, the RWTP owner should implement a frequent maintenance work into RWTP component especially clarifier, sludge collector, biological oxidation tank and rubbish trap collector.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anwai river water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Kate Isioma Iloba ◽  
Nelson Owese Akawo ◽  
Perry Irouoghene Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to assess the water quality of anthropogenically-laden Anwai-river within the Asaba-capital territory of Delta State, Nigeria, in Stations 1(Otulu), 2(Isele- asagba) and 3(Anwai-Asaba) using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, phosphates, nitrates, total hardness (TH) and coliforms, to determine its water quality status and its suitability for humans and aquatic biota. Aside from TDS, turbidity, and TH, other parameters such as pH (5.3-8.2), DO (2.0-2.8 mg/L), BOD (1.02-2.4 mg/L), EC (110-113 µS/cm), turbidity(2.3-5.2 NTU), TDS (8.0-16.0 mg/L), TH (30-62 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-0.28 mg/L), nitrates (0.05-0.27 mg/L) and Coliform (25.75-45.5 cfu/ml) indicated non-significant variableness (p>0.05) between Stations. Water depth, TDS, turbidity, TH, phosphate, nitrate and total coliform were significant contributors to the Anwai-river's water quality by Principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) exhibited 94.1% variance and a 0.1860 loading factor, while the second showed 5.9% variance and 0.0117 loading factor implying depth, flooding, excessive human activities and sewage disposal as important contaminants. Although the individual physiochemical-based water qualities were below the WHO recommended drinking water values translated into poor water quality by the weighted arithmetic water quality index at the three Stations; 86.83, 75.02 and 81.27 in Station's 1, 2 and 3 respectively, correspondingly poor to very poor based on Water quality index. The water of Anwai-river is a serious health threat to humans and aquatic organisms and thus, it should not be utilized untreated.

A Fuzzy Inference System for Water Quality of Chunnambar River, Puducherry

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nirmala ◽  
K.R. Leelavathy ◽  
Sivapragasam Sowndharya ◽  
Parthiban Bama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Proposed Model

A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is considered as an effective tool for solution of many complex engineering systems when ambiguity and uncertainty is associated with the systems. The water quality is an important issue of relevance in the context of present times. The proposed model is designed to predict Water Quality Index (WQI) for Chunnambar, Ariyankuppam, Puducherry Region, Southern India. A systematic investigation of the pollution level at Chunnambar from March 2013 to February 2014 was carried out. The untreated domestic wastes from various parts of the Ariyankuppam town are directly discharged into the river which leads to increased level of pollution. The present studies emphasis on the magnitude of pollution by monitoring key water quality parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH and Temperature. FIS simplifies and speed up the computation of WQI as compared to the currently existing standards. In this paper, the proposed model is compared with Indian Water Quality Index (IWQI) and it is found that the designed model predicts accurately.

scholarly journals Improvement of Sungai Sebulung Water Quality Using Effective Microorganism

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.9) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus ◽  
Shamila Azman ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Effective Microorganism

Effective Microorganism (EM) is a practical and less costly method to enhance water quality. Sungai Sebulung is one of the rivers in Malaysia that have been treated using EM. This study has been carried out to find the effectiveness of EM and its suitability to the condition of Sungai Sebulung. This study will also evaluate Water Quality Index (WQI) of the river. The WQI of Sungai Sebulung is 56.2 and can be classified as a Class III. The average concentration of DO, BOD, COD, AN and TSS at Sungai Sebulung were 3.88 mg/L, 10.7 mg/L, 54 mg/L, 3.78 mg/L and 26.2 mg/L respectively. The result obtained shows the quality of Sungai Sebulung is the same compared to 2016

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam Using Water Quality Index and Statistical Approaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Phan Kim Anh ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted to spatiotemporally analyze the quality, location and critical water variables influencing water quality using water monitoring data from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Dong Thap province in 2019. The water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), oil and grease, sulfate (SO42−), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were collected at 58 locations with the frequency of four times per year (February, May, August, and November). These parameters were compared with national technical regulation on surface water quality—QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated and spatially presented by geographical information system (GIS) tool. Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the correlation among water quality parameters, group and reduce the sampling sites, and identify key parameters and potential water pollution sources. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the significant concerns impairing the water quality. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by WQI analysis. CA suggested that the current monitoring locations could be reduced from 58 sites to 43 sites which can be saved the total monitoring budget up to 25.85%. PCA showed that temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, TN, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the key water parameters influencing water quality in Dong Thap province’s canals and rivers; thus, these parameters should be monitored annually. The water pollution sources were possibly hydrological conditions, water runoff, riverbank erosion, domestic and urban activities, and industrial and agricultural discharges. Significantly, the municipal and agricultural wastes could be decisive factors to the change of surface water quality in the study area. Further studies need to focus on identifying sources of water pollution for implementing appropriate water management strategies.

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