scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7703
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Ruitao Jia ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Zhuoran Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Weakly Alkaline

Groundwater is an important source of water in Beijing. Hydrochemical composition and water quality are the key factors to determine the availability of groundwater. Therefore, an improved integrated weight water quality index approach (IWQI) combining the entropy weight method and the stochastic simulation method is proposed. Through systematic investigation of groundwater chemical composition in different periods, using a hydrogeochemical diagram, multivariate statistics and spatial interpolation analysis, the spatial evolution characteristics and genetic mechanism of groundwater chemistry are discussed. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and low mineralized water. The south part of the study area showed higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total hardness and NO3−-N in the dry season and wet season, and the main hydrochemical types are HCO3−-Ca and HCO3−-Ca-Mg. The natural source mechanism of the groundwater chemical components in Chaoyang District includes rock weathering, dissolution and cation exchange, while the human-made sources are mainly residents and industrial activities. Improved IWQI evaluation results indicate that water quality decreases from southwest to northeast along groundwater flow path. The water quality index (WQI) method cannot reflect the trend of groundwater. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the improved IWQI method could describe the overall water quality reliably, accurately and stably.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ram ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
H. K. Pandey ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Chaurasia ◽  
Supriya Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Quality Of Water

AbstractGroundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

scholarly journals EVALUATION GROUNDWATER QUALITY BY USING GIS AND WATER QUALITY INDEX TECHNIQUES FOR WELLS IN BARDARASH AREA, NORTHERN IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2C) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Kaiwan Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Poor Water Quality

Studying groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions is essential significant because it is used as a foremost alternative source for various purposes (human and animal consumption, economic, agriculture and irrigation). Geographic Information System and Water Quality Index techniques were utilized for visualizing and evaluating the variations of groundwater quality in the studied area. Total twelve wells were sampled and twelve groundwater quality (chemical) parameters; pH, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Potassium (K), Nitrate (NO3), Sulfate (SO4), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) were analyzed in the laboratory. Inverse Distance Weighted technique was used as a useful tool to create and anticipate spatial variation maps of the chemical parameters. Predicting or anticipating other areas not measured, identifying them and making use of them in the future without examining samples. The results of this research showed that 8.3% of the studied wells have excellent groundwater quality, and almost sampling wells about 75% found in good groundwater quality, while findings of groundwater quality of 16.7% studied wells belong to poor water quality due to standards of Water Quality Index. Moreover, spatial analysis in term of groundwater quality map showed that Excellent groundwater quality was detected in well 3, very good groundwater potential was noticed in six studied wells (wells 2, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12), and other sampling wells (wells 4 and 7) were observed as good groundwater quality, while poor water quality was observed in wells (well 1 and 5). Hence, spatial distribution maps showed that the almost groundwater quality in the area about 1046.82 km² (99.04%) are suitable for drinking purpose, whereas proximate 10.18 km² (0.96%) are observed as poor water quality and inappropriate for consumptions especially in the southern part of the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ilorin Metropolis using Water Quality Index Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
JA Olatunji ◽  
OA Odediran ◽  
RI Obaro ◽  
PI Olasehinde
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater as a source of potable water is becoming more important in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to ascertain the continuing potability of the sources cannot be over emphasised. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of selected groundwater samples from Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, using the water quality index (WQI) method. Twenty two water samples were collected, 10 samples from boreholes and 12 samples from hand dug wells. All these were analysed for their physico – chemical properties. The parameters used for calculating the water quality index include the following: pH, total hardness, total dissolved solid, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrate and carbonate. The water quality index for the twenty two samples ranged from 0.66 to 756.02 with an average of 80.77. Two of the samples exceeded 100, which is the upper limit for safe drinking water. The high values of WQI from the sampling locations are observed to be due to higher values of iron and fluoride. This study reveals that the investigated groundwaters are mostly potable and can be consumed without treatment. Nonetheless, the sources identified to be unsafe should be treated before consumption.KEYWORDS: groundwater, water quality index, potability, physico - chemical, parameter

scholarly journals Assessment of Variation in Water Quality Index (WQI) of Groundwater in North Goa, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishan ◽  
C. P. Kumar ◽  
B.K. Purandara ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
N. C Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Domestic Use

A water quality index (WQI) is a tool which numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value and this information can be used to assess spatial and temporal variations in overall water quality. However, these indices are time and region specific and may be influenced by local factors. In the present study, water quality index has been worked out to assess the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality status for future planning and management of North Goa. Data of 19 groundwater samples were collected in the year 2005 during January, March and April, are used for the analysis. The Water Quality Index has been computed using four parameters viz. pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness and Chloride. The WQI results show that the overall water quality class is ‘good’ and water is acceptable for domestic use.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Domestic Purposes through Local Survey and Water Quality Index in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Huynh The An ◽  
Tran Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Chen Yi-Ching ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Hien
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The quality of groundwater resources is increasingly declining, significantly affecting people’s life and health. The study aims to assess public perception on existing groundwater quality and scheme over conventionally used free groundwater. The contemporaneous analytical procedures applied to determine the concentration of physical parameters: total dissolved solids and total solids and chemical parameters: pH, nitrite (N-NO2-), nitrate (N- NO3-), ammonium (N-NH4+/ NH3), iron (FeII + III) and total hardness were collected for 30 drinking water well samples located in 5 Quarters (An Hoa, An Loi, Ben Don, Phu Hoa, and Phu Nghi) to calculate the water quality index. The results show that up to 96% of people still use groundwater as their main source of drinking, domestic purposes, although groundwater quality is showing a serious decline in quality. The low pH index ranges from 3.0 ÷ 4.5. On average, 3.5 ÷ 4.0 pH of groundwater samples are outside the permissible limit according to VN standards 09: 2015 (5.5 - 8.5), which makes the water acidic, which harmful to human health. Besides, 10% of groundwater samples had high nitrate content, and 6.67% of water samples had ammonium content that did not meet VN standards 09: 2015. The current state of groundwater quality is not good for cooking and drinking. The results will benefit future groundwater exploitation to support more evidence of water quality and deteriorate the water quality soon, ultimately proving to be disastrous for all living beings in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potability of Minewater Pumped Out from Jharia Coalfield, India: An Integrated Approach Using Integrated Water Quality Index, Heavy Metal Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Mazinder Baruah ◽  
Gurdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution Index ◽  
Metal Pollution Index ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

Abstract The dense and industrialized populace in the mining areas of Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is plagued by a severe shortage of water supply. The unutilized pumped out coal minewater discharges may be utilized to cater to the increasing water demand of the region but it runs the risk of getting contaminated from domestic and industrial effluents. The current study aimed to assess the suitableness of augmenting underground minewater for potable purposes. Minewater samples collected from 15 locations (minewater treatment plants) across JCF for the hydrological year 2019-2020 were analysed to gain an insight on the physico-chemical characteristics of the minewater using an integrated approach of standard hydrochemical methods, Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI), Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. The integrated approach gives a holistic assessment of the minewater quality, overcoming the limitations of traditional water quality indices, to give a more accurate assessment. The analysis of minewater in the region identified Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 as the two major water types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) of the minewater revealed the influence of lithogenic and anthropogenic processes in modulating the water chemistry of the region. This study could facilitate effective water quality management practices while also laying the foundation for augmenting minewater for potable purposes to meet increasing demands.

scholarly journals Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Aher ◽  
Sharad Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32−, HCO3−), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The         secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRI       (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anwai river water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Kate Isioma Iloba ◽  
Nelson Owese Akawo ◽  
Perry Irouoghene Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to assess the water quality of anthropogenically-laden Anwai-river within the Asaba-capital territory of Delta State, Nigeria, in Stations 1(Otulu), 2(Isele- asagba) and 3(Anwai-Asaba) using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, phosphates, nitrates, total hardness (TH) and coliforms, to determine its water quality status and its suitability for humans and aquatic biota. Aside from TDS, turbidity, and TH, other parameters such as pH (5.3-8.2), DO (2.0-2.8 mg/L), BOD (1.02-2.4 mg/L), EC (110-113 µS/cm), turbidity(2.3-5.2 NTU), TDS (8.0-16.0 mg/L), TH (30-62 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-0.28 mg/L), nitrates (0.05-0.27 mg/L) and Coliform (25.75-45.5 cfu/ml) indicated non-significant variableness (p>0.05) between Stations. Water depth, TDS, turbidity, TH, phosphate, nitrate and total coliform were significant contributors to the Anwai-river's water quality by Principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) exhibited 94.1% variance and a 0.1860 loading factor, while the second showed 5.9% variance and 0.0117 loading factor implying depth, flooding, excessive human activities and sewage disposal as important contaminants. Although the individual physiochemical-based water qualities were below the WHO recommended drinking water values translated into poor water quality by the weighted arithmetic water quality index at the three Stations; 86.83, 75.02 and 81.27 in Station's 1, 2 and 3 respectively, correspondingly poor to very poor based on Water quality index. The water of Anwai-river is a serious health threat to humans and aquatic organisms and thus, it should not be utilized untreated.

Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose by Physicochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index from Haveli Region, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smitarani Lad ◽  
Swati Mukherjee ◽  
Bhavana Umrikar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drinking Purpose

The emulsification of major constituents in groundwater is accentuated to highlight the impact that is anticipated to be the prime concern due to depleting quality of this resource used for drinking purpose. In view of this, 53 groundwater samples of dug wells taping basaltic water table aquifer located in Haveli taluka adjoining Pune city of Maharashtra, India were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions to evaluate the suitability using water quality index (WQI). The parameters such as pH, Total Hardness (TH), Sodium (Na) and Sulphate (SO4) were assigned with weight 5 and the weight 1 considered as lowest level was assigned to Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Potassium (K+), Carbonate (CO3--), Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Phosphate (PO4) and observations were made to know the groundwater quality of the study area. Using these values, the WQI was calculated that revealed according to BIS standards 57% of samples falls in good category, and 43% samples in poor category, while according to WHO standards 38%, 57%, 6% were representing excellent, good and poor category, respectively.

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