scholarly journals Water Level Prediction of Emergency Groundwater Source and Its Impact on the Surrounding Environment in Nantong City, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3529
Author(s):  
Jinbang Cai ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Huan Shen ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Depression Cone ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Short Time

Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions, and in situ hydrogeological tests of the emergency groundwater source in Nantong City, China, a 3D numerical model of the heterogeneous anisotropy in the study area was established and calibrated using data from pumping and recovery tests. The calibrated model was used to simulate and predict the water level of the depression cone during the emergency pumping and water level recovery. The results showed that after seven days of pumping, the water level in the center of the depression cone ranged from −51 m to −55 m, and compared with the initial water level, the water level dropped by 29 m to 32 m. The calculated water level has a small deviation compared with that of the analytical solution, which indicates the reliability and rationality of the numerical solution. Furthermore, during water level recovery, the water level of pumping wells and its surroundings rose rapidly, which was a difference of about 0.28 m from the initial water level after 30 days, indicating that the groundwater level had recovered to the state before pumping. Due to the emergency pumping time is not long, the water levels of Tonglu Canal, surrounding residential wells, and other aquifers will not be affected. After stopping pumping, the water level recovers quickly, so the change of water level in a short time will not lead to large land subsidence and has little impact on the surrounding environment.

An Experimental Study of Liquid Entrainment by Rapid Surface Swelling of Two-Phase Mixture in a Vessel

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Hyun Chun ◽  
Kyong-Won Seo ◽  
Hyeng-Kuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Liquid Entrainment ◽  
Phase Mixture

Abstract An experimental study of liquid entrainment by rapid surface swelling of a two-phase mixture in a vessel has been performed. To investigate the effects of air flow rate and initial water level on the liquid entrainment, a series of experiments have been performed using air and water as working fluid. A total of 64 experimental liquid entrainment rate data have been obtained for various combinations of the test parameters (i.e., for six different initial water levels and various air flow rates) using two test vessels that have the same height but different inner diameters (0.15 and 0.3m, respectively) for vertical bubbly and churn-turbulent flow conditions. An empirical correlation for the liquid entrainment rate, E has been developed in terms of the superficial velocity of air, the initial water level, the density of gas, the surface tension, and the gravity. This correlation shows a good agreement with the present experimental data within ±30% over a wide range of flow parameters.

Development of a Practical River Water Level Prediction Method Using Data Assimilation Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Tsuchiya ◽  
◽  
Masaki Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Water Level ◽  
River Water ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Assimilation Technique ◽  
Water Level Prediction

With the aim of accurately predicting river water levels a few hours ahead in the event of a flood, we created a river water level prediction model consisting of a runoff model, a channel model, and data assimilation technique. We also developed a cascade assimilation method that allows us to calculate assimilations of water levels observed at multiple points using particle filters in real-time. As a result of applying the river water level prediction model to Arakawa Basin using the assimilation technique, it was confirmed that reproductive simulations that produce results very similar to the observed results could be achieved, and that we would be able to predict river water levels less affected by the predicted amount of rainfall.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Drawdown Flushing and Partition Desilting of a Reservoir in Taiwan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wen Wang ◽  
Bing-Shiou Tsai ◽  
Charnsmorn Hwang ◽  
Guan-Wei Chen ◽  
Wei-Cheng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Sedimentation limits the benefits of storage reservoirs, especially in areas with higher sediment yields, such as Agongdian Reservoir in southern Taiwan. Although drawdown flushing is a known strategy that releases large amounts of fine sediment into a downstream channel, there is limited information on the long-term monitoring and multiple metrics being used to evaluate flushing efficiency. The objectives of this study were three-fold: (1) to continue collecting valuable long-term observed data, since Agongdian Reservoir is one of the few reservoirs currently conducting sediment flushing operations; (2) to evaluate and identify the hydrological parameters that are highly related to the flushing efficiency; (3) to execute numerical simulations of different reservoir flushing scenarios at multiple water levels to discuss potential strategies to improve the flushing efficiency. The findings of this study revealed that long-term monitoring data was valuable for identifying factors highly related to the flushing efficiency, which included the initial water level; average water level; average velocity. Based on simulations, compartmentalizing the reservoir is a proposed strategy that has demonstrated high levels of improvement in terms of the flushing efficiency, depending on particular scenarios involving partition desilting, empty flushing, or a combination of both. Recommendations to increase the flushing efficiency include lowering the initial water level, creating a narrower gorge-like geometry by partitioning, and further considering to modify the operation rules.

scholarly journals Remote Triggering of Damage Followed by Healing Recorded in Groundwater Pressure

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Hallel Lutzky ◽  
Ittai Kurzon ◽  
Vladimir Lyakhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Remote Triggering ◽  
Short Time

Water levels in three adjacent water wells in the Yarmouk Gorge area have all responded to the 2020 Elazığ Mw 6.8 teleseismic earthquake. Water levels in two aquifers exhibited reciprocal behavior: during the first eight days after the earthquake, water level decreased by 40 cm in the deeper highly confined aquifer, and increased by 90 cm in the shallower less confined aquifer. The recovery of the water levels in both aquifers continued for at least three months. We interpret these observations as reflecting the increase in damage along the fault at the Yarmouk Gorge. Ground shaking increased the damage and permeability of this fault, temporarily connecting the two aquifers, allowing flow from the deep aquifer to the shallow one. Model results showing decreased permeability suggest that the fault healed by one order of magnitude within three days. This is the first documentation of decrease in permeability in a fault zone within such short time scales.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

Interaction between water pressure in the basal drainage system and discharge from an Alpine glacier before and during a rainfall-induced subglacial hydrological event

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Barrett ◽  
David N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Resultant Increase

Combined measurements of meltwater discharge from the portal and of water level in a borehole drilled to the bed of Findelengletscher, Switzerland, were obtained during the later part of the 1993 ablation season. A severe storm, lasting from 22 through 24 September, produced at least 130 mm of precipitation over the glacier, largely as rain. The combined hydrological records indicate periods during which the basal drainage system became constricted and water storage in the glacier increased, as well as phases of channel growth. During the storm, water pressure generally increased as water backed up in the drainage network. Abrupt, temporary falls in borehole water level were accompanied by pulses in portal discharge. On 24 September, whilst borehole water level continued to rise, water started to escape under pressure with a resultant increase in discharge. As the drainage network expanded, a large amount of debris was flushed from a wide area of the bed. Progressive growth in channel capacity as discharge increased enabled stored water to drain and borehole water level to fall rapidly. Possible relationships between observed borehole water levels and water pressures in subglacial channels are influenced by hydraulic conditions at the base of the hole, distance between the hole and a channel, and the nature of the substrate.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of water level impact to back-barrier bays

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta ◽  
Neil K. Ganju ◽  
Zafer Defne ◽  
Richard P. Signell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Barnegat Bay ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Inlet Geometry ◽  
Spatial Estimates

Abstract. Water level in semi-enclosed bays, landward of barrier islands, is mainly driven by offshore sea level fluctuations that are modulated by bay geometry and bathymetry, causing spatial variability in the ensuing response (transfer). Local wind setup can have a secondary role that depends on wind speed, fetch, and relative orientation of the wind direction and the bay. Inlet geometry and bathymetry primarily regulate the magnitude of the transfer between open ocean and bay. Tides and short-period offshore oscillations are more damped in the bays than longer-lasting offshore fluctuations, such as storm surge and sea level rise. We compare observed and modeled water levels at stations in a mid-Atlantic bay (Barnegat Bay) with offshore water level proxies. Observed water levels in Barnegat Bay are compared and combined with model results from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to evaluate the spatial structure of the water level transfer. Analytical models based on the dimensional characteristics of the bay are used to combine the observed data and the numerical model results in a physically consistent approach. Model water level transfers match observed values at locations inside the Bay in the storm frequency band (transfers ranging from 70–100 %) and tidal frequencies (10–55 %). The contribution of frequency-dependent local setup caused by wind acting along the bay is also considered. The approach provides transfer estimates for locations inside the Bay where observations were not available resulting in a complete spatial characterization. The approach allows for the study of the Bay response to alternative forcing scenarios (landscape changes, future storms, and rising sea level). Detailed spatial estimates of water level transfer can inform decisions on inlet management and contribute to the assessment of current and future flooding hazard in back-barrier bays and along mainland shorelines.

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