Cadmium Accumulation and Kinetics in Solea senegalensis Tissues under Dietary and Water Exposure and the Link to Human Health

Bioaccumulation of cadmium was assessed in different tissues of the benthic fish Solea senegalensis. Juvenile Senegalese soles were simultaneously exposed to cadmium-contaminated diet (Hediste diversicolor) and water during 14 days and allowed to depurate for another 14 days. Cadmium content was measured in muscle, gills, liver and intestine, with recorded values increasing in these tissues in this same order. Muscle showed a considerably lower cadmium accumulation after 14 days of uptake. Cadmium kinetics in juvenile Senegalese soles revealed that the highest uptake flux of this metal occurred in the intestine. Cadmium depuration from the liver was not detected, which suggests the existence of a storage compartment for this metal in Solea senegalensis during uptake and depuration. Comparisons between maximum acceptable values for cadmium in the muscle, the Target Hazard Quotient and the Estimated Weekly Intake, indicated that acceptable limits were not exceeded, and the muscle of juvenile Senegalese soles could be considered safe for human consumption.

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Risk Assessment of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on Human Health in Relation to the Consumption of Farmed Sea Bass in Italy: A Meta-Analytical Approach

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.616488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Calogero Di Bella ◽

Antonino Calagna ◽

Gaetano Cammilleri ◽

Pietro Schembri ◽

Daniela Lo Monaco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Weekly Intake ◽

Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽

Significant Difference

A risk assessment, related to the consumption of farmed sea bass, was carried out by meta-analysis, taking into account the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) reported in the literature, the estimated weekly intake (EWI), the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the target hazard quotient (THQ). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in farmed sea bass marketed in Sicily (Southern Italy) were also assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to have screening data for the comparison with literature results. In any case, the results obtained by meta-analysis and by screening were lower than the pre-established legal limits for each metal. The meta-analysis results showed very low levels of Cd (0.031 μg g–1 w.w.), Pb (0.110 μg g–1 w.w.), and Hg (0.023 μg g–1 w.w.). The EWI estimation confirmed safety limits for human health (0.004, 0.015, and 0.003 μg kg–1 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). Even the THQ demonstrated that farmed sea bass represent a secure food for humans (0.0006, 0.0005, and 0.0048 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). The comparison with our screening data showed a significant difference only for the Pb levels (p < 0.05). The results obtained were compared with the same indexes relative to other food types (meat, cereals, vegetables, etc.). The EWI and THQ calculated were always lower than same indexes relative to other food types considered.

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Human health risk assessment due to Cadmium accumulation through consumption of Chinese cabbage grown in Cadmium-contaminated soil

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v3i1.36755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

MA Mahmud ◽

M Hassan ◽

R Hassan ◽

R Mandal ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Potential Health ◽

Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Heavy metal like Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant present in the soils of urban and industrial areas. Vegetables are preferably grown in these soils than other crops. Of the vegetables, Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. pekinensis) is gaining its popularity among farmers for its high market value. Therefore, an experiment was conducted where cabbage was grown on Cd treated soil. Bioaccumulation of Cd in Chinese cabbage was determined and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) model was used to assess potential health risk of human. Results showed that with increasing concentration of added Cd (0.00 to 4.00 ppm) in soil, bio-concentration factors of Cd of Chinese cabbage also increased except at 4 ppm. The chinese cabbage grown in Cd contaminated soils up-to 1.00 ppm might be safe. However, cabbage grown in the soils contaminated with Cd above this level would probably be risky and may cause serious health hazard to human body.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 1-8

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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Marine Fish Species of Gadani Shipbreaking Area and Pakistan

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1738

Author(s):

Allauddin Kakar ◽

Malik Tahir Hayat ◽

Arshad Mahmood Abbasi ◽

Arshid Pervez ◽

Qaisar Mahmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Concentration ◽

Fish Species ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Small Scale ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Trace Metal Concentration ◽

Seawater Samples

Gadani shipbreaking area, located on the coastline of Pakistan, is an important fish production area. In this study, levels of four metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, and Mn) in 148 muscle and gill samples of seven fish species (Small-scale terapon, Torpedo scade, Sicklefish, Saddle grunt, Gold silk seabream, Indian mackerel, Spotted sickle fish) and seawater samples, taken from 9 sampling sites in the shipbreaking area, were determined. In addition, multiple approaches were used to assess human health risks from fish consumption. Trace metal concentration in seawater ranged from 0.05 to 1.96 mg/L in shipbreaking vicinity and 0.03 to 0.97 mg/L in the reference site (Miani Hor). However, metal accumulations in fish species ranged from 1.33 to 5.26 μg/g. Among trace metals, the level of Pb in all fish species was highest, followed by Ni, Mn, and Cd. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for both gills and muscles displayed the order: Mn > Cd > Ni > Pb. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Based on target hazard quotient (THQ), the investigated fish species were safe regarding Pb and Mn (THQ < 1), while they may cause potential risk regarding Cd and Ni (THQ > 1). After comparison with maximum permissible limits, heavy metal concentration in the edible muscle tissues of all the analyzed fish species from the Gadani coast were found safe for human consumption.

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Evaluation of metal levels of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris): health risks estimation

Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.12714/egejfas.37.3.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 237-244

Author(s):

Ali Rıza Kosker

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Octopus Vulgaris ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Potential Health ◽

Important Species ◽

Weekly Intake ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Common Octopus

The levels of 13 different metals (Mg, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Al, Cr, As, Cd and Pb) in mantle and arm tissues of Octopus vulgaris species, which were caught from Mersin Bay in winter, spring and summer seasons, were determined. The results were compared between the tissues and seasons. Potential health risks of consumption of common octopus, which is an economically important species, were evaluated with the possibility that adult and child consumers will consume common octopus 1, 3 or 5 days a week. In this context, Estimated Weekly Intake Level (EWI), non-carcinogenic Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were determined. Pb level was found to be above the limit level determined by FAO, EU and Turkish Food Codex. EWI values were found to be below the PTWI values determined by EFSA and FAO / WHO. THQ and ∑THQ values, which are indicative of non-cancer health risks for consumers, were determined as <1. In terms of carcinogenic risk, it was determined that these values (> 10-5) for As, Cr and Cd elements pose a carcinogenic risk to the consumer, but Pb values do not pose a risk.

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Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Some Food Supplements Available on the Romanian Market

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Gabriel Mustatea ◽

Elena L. Ungureanu ◽

Sorin C. Iorga ◽

Denisa Ciotea ◽

Mona E. Popa

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Supplements ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Critical Control Points

Across the world, there has been an increase in the consumption of food supplements. This may be due to the perception that these dietary supplements cannot negatively affect the health of consumers in any way. However, dietary supplements may not have the expected effect. In addition, it has been shown that supplements can sometimes be chemically, physically or microbiologically contaminated, if the hygiene conditions and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan are not fully complied with. The aim of this study was to determine the lead and cadmium content of 41 food supplements available on the Romanian market and to assess the risk to consumer health. The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique was used for sample analysis after wet mineralization of the samples. The risk assessment was determined based on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) calculations. Values obtained for both lead and cadmium fall within the limits imposed by the legislation in force. Small risks associated with the consumption of these food supplements was shown, with a main recommendation being to decrease the recommended daily dose in the case of food supplements.

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The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5779

Author(s):

Grażyna Kowalska

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

World Health ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Plant Materials

The presented study was aimed at the determination of the level of contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in 240 samples of plant materials, i.e., herbal raw materials, spices, tea, and coffee. Moreover, a probabilistic risk assessment (noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR). The samples were subjected to microwave mineralisation with the use of HNO3 (65%), while the determination of the content of the elements was performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP–MS) and a mercury analyser. The element which was characterised by the highest level of accumulation in the analysed samples was lead (from 0.010 to 5.680 mg/kg). Among the heavy metals under analysis, the lowest concentration was noted in the case of mercury (from 0.005 to 0.030 mg/kg). A notably higher level of contamination with heavy metals was noted in the analysed samples of herbs and spices (0.005–5.680 mg/kg), compared to samples of tea and coffee (0.005–0.791 mg/kg). According to the guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO) concerning the limits of contamination of samples of herbal raw materials with heavy metals, lead levels exceeding the limits were only noted in 24 samples of herbs (18%). In all of the analysed samples of spices, tea, and coffee, no instances of exceeded limits were noted for any of the analysed heavy metals. The values of TTHQmax (in relation to the consumption of the analysed products) were as follows: up to 4.23 × 10−2 for spices, up to 2.51 × 10−1 for herbs, up to 4.03 × 10−2 for China tea, and up to 1.25 × 10−1 for roasted coffee beans. As the value of THQ ≤1, there is no probability of the appearance of undesirable effects related to the consumption of the analysed group of raw materials and products of plant origin. The CR value for As (max. value) was 1.29 × 10−5, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

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Element contents and health risk assessment in wild edible mushrooms of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/423/2021-pse ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mirsada Salihovic ◽

Mirha Pazalja ◽

Aida Šapčanin ◽

Biljana P. Dojčinović ◽

Selma Špirtović-Halilović

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Risk Index ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Edible Mushrooms ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽

Potential Health

The content of macro- and microelements in dry samples of mushrooms of the species Macrolepiota procera, Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius, collected at different areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was determined using the ICP-OES method (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Of the macroelements, K is the most represented, followed by S, P, Mg, and the least represented Ca and Na. Zn is the most represented of the essential microelements, followed by Fe, Se, Cu, Mn and Co. Al is the most abundant of the other trace elements followed by Ni and Cr. Of the toxic metals, the most represented is Cd, followed by Pb and As. There are differences in the concentration of micro- and macroelements in the mushrooms analysed, depending on the area from which they were collected because natural geology and geochemistry influence the content of macro- and microelements in wild edible mushrooms. The results show that the analysed mushrooms can be considered a good source of essential elements. The study also assessed potential health risks of heavy metals and the target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in the analysed mushrooms was lower than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk index revealed that Cd and Ni are the most prevalent pollutants in the mushrooms studied.

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Potential health risk assessment of toxic metals contamination in clay eaten as pica (geophagia) among pregnant women of Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana.

10.21203/rs.2.16641/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nii Korley Kortei ◽

Alice Koryo-Dabrah ◽

Papa Toah Akonor ◽

Nana Yaw Barima Manaphraim ◽

Matilda Ayim-Akonor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Health Problems ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Potential Health ◽

Potential Health Risk ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Volta Region

Abstract Introduction: Geophagia although pleasurable and somewhat a necessity among pregnant women, also comes along with its own attendant problems such as exposure to potentially hazardous substances like bacteria, fungi, helminthes and ova, radioactive materials, and toxic elemental minerals in the soil depending on the geographical location.Methodology: This study evaluated the potential health risk involved during the exposure of pregnant women to toxic elemental minerals via the consumption of clay as pica (geophagia). Elemental mineral analysis was carried out using Buck Scientific 210VGP Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific, Inc. East Norwalk, USA). Risk assessment methods were also used to ascertain the various risks factors and the overall risk level.Results: Concentrations of the macro elements investigated were 1.38 ± 1.5, 2.40± 1.5, 7.74± 1.5, 4.01± 1.0, 13.24± 2.2 and 13.76± 2.1 mg/Kg for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) respectively. While that for the micro elements were 1.63± 0.03 µg/Kg, 4.72±0.8, 0.53±0.02 and 1.85±0.3 mg/kg respectively for arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni). Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) values ranged 0.611- 5.44 (mg/kg Bw/day), 6.26x10-4 – 106.5, 0.067-10.34 and 15 respectively.Conclusion: There is the likelihood of posing adverse health problems when clay samples obtained from Anfoega which is sited in the Volta region of Ghana is consumed due to the fact that the HQ’s of these elemental minerals were >1 which points to high content of Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni). It is also likely to cause adverse health problems in an individual’s life time since THQ for Arsenic, Lead and Nickel were above 1. Ultimately, the cumulative effect of these toxicants were exceedingly great (≤ 15) which implied a high level of unsafety associated with this clay. Per the results from this study, it is not safe for pregnant women to consume clay as pica since these toxic elements may cause detrimental effects on the foetus of the unborn child.

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The Influence of Compost Amendments on Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements by Pea Plant Cultivated in Mine Degraded Soils

10.21203/rs.3.rs-880760/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Muhammad Azhar Shah ◽

Mehboob Alam ◽

Anwarzeb Khan ◽

Muhammad Amjad Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Health Risk ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Garden Soil ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Mining Soils

Abstract Potential toxic metals (PTEs) accumulation in soil and water is one of the major sources of food crop contamination. PTEs remediation from soil can be enhanced by addition of organic matter to the growing media. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic amendments on the accumulation of PTEs in pea plant grown on mine degraded soils. Mining soils from chromite mine (CM), soap stone mine (SSM), manganese mine (MM) and quartz mine (QM) were mixed with vermicompost (VC), leaf mould (LC) and spent mushroom compost (SMC) along with garden soil at 1:1:1 ratio. Various growth and yield related attributes of pea plant as well as PTEs concentrations in soil and plants were studied. The highest Cd (2.62 mg kg−1) and Cr (13.6 mg kg−1) concentration was reported in CM soil, while Pb (23.3 mg kg−1) and Mn (59.2 mg kg−1) concentration in SSM and MM soil, respectively. Mining soils significantly reduced the plant growth and yield, while organic amendments reduced the PTEs availability and increased pea plant growth. Comparing the various organic fertilizers used, it was observed that VC efficiently reduced Cd, Cr, Pb and Mn uptake by pea plant, subsequently, improved pea plant growth. In order to assess the effects of various amendments on PTEs health risk reduction various risk indices including, plant trafser factor, average daily intake, health risk, target hazard quotient and target cancer risk were also calculated and the results revealed that application of compost particularly VC significantly reduced the dietary intake and health risks of PTEs.

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Influence of elevated content of cadmium and arsenic in diet containing feeding yeast on organisms of rats

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1739-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Száková ◽

V. Zídek ◽

D. Miholová

Keyword(s):

Sodium Arsenite ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Male Rats ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Natural Level ◽

Liver And Kidney

The influence of elevated cadmium content in diet on the content of this element in liver, kidney and testes of 68 male rats was studied in dependence on the chemical form of applied cadmium (as inorganic salt – CdCl2 and organically bound in yeast cells); the influence of elevated arsenic content (as NaAsO2) in diet on its content in the same organs was also investigated. The interactions between arsenic and cadmium in the above-mentioned organs were studied. The addition of cadmium to the diet of rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased cadmium content in several organs. The addition of yeast containing the natural level of Cd increased the content of cadmium in liver and kidney of experimental animals significantly (P < 0.05). A significantly (P < 0.05) increased cadmium accumulation in organs was observed after the addition of Cd as CdCl2, compared with the addition of Cd as organically bound Cd in yeast cells. At the same time, the addition of yeasts containing the natural level of Cd decreased the Cd accumulation applied as CdCl2 in the examined organs. The addition of sodium arsenite to the diet of rats led to a significantly (P < 0.05) increased arsenic content in all the analyzed organs. The addition of yeasts to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and at the same time suppressed its content in kidneys of experimental animals. The interaction between arsenic and cadmium applied simultaneously was evident. The addition of As to the diet decreased the accumulation of Cd in kidney and increased its accumulation in testes. The addition of Cd to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and kidney and decreased its content in testes.

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