scholarly journals Soil Water Movement of Mining Waste Rock and the Effect on Plant Growth in Arid, Cold Regions of Xinjiang, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Zizhao Zhang ◽  
Qianli Lv ◽  
Zezhou Guo ◽  
Xuebang Huang ◽  
Ruihua Hao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Mine Lands ◽  
Reconstructed Soil

Understanding the water movement in reconstructed soil and its efficacy on local vegetation is critical for the ecological reclamation of mine lands. This study employed field experiments and a numerical model to investigate the water movement in reconstructed soil and evaluate the effects of mining waste rock on plant growth in an arid and cold region of Xinjiang. Water contents and matrix potentials were monitored over 1-year period. A numerical model was established based on the observed data to calculate soil water balance and irrigation demand. The results show that the soil water content at a shallow depth could be more vulnerable to the climate variability in uncompacted and compacted soil. The water content at the depth of 50 cm with 30 cm-thick covering soil was the lowest; meanwhile, the barrels with 50 cm- and 70 cm-thick covering soil without compaction had the highest water content. Moreover, the water content of the uncompacted soil could be lower than that of the counterpart attributed to the variation in soil porosity. To maintain the water content as an optimized value to grow a certain plant species in the long run, irrigation could be implemented according to the water balance over time in mine lands.

Comparison studies of unsaturated flow below annual and perennial plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2162-2168
Author(s):  
Bill Scott ◽  
Ross Lantzke ◽  
Dave Nicholson ◽  
Paul Findlater
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Lambert W Function ◽  
Neutron Moisture ◽  
Soil Water Movement

Values of unsaturated water content determined with neutron moisture measurements (NMM) reveal different water profiles below different plantings. In the extremes, calibration requires a linear and logarithmic response (using the Lambert-W function) along with the normal submersion in a drum of water. Nevertheless a post-calibration with a hydraulic push sampler was used for confirmation. Data were collected at six pastures near the Western Australia coast near Geraldton, with four replicates through the profile. The sites have mostly sandy soils and receive 300–500 mm of rainfall annually. Findings generally showed that, if there was sufficient water, as in 2006, the perennials were able to use the water evenly throughout the vertical profile. Otherwise, with low rainfall, as in 2009, perennials struggle to survive and use less water than the annuals. Modelling of the soil water movement, plant growth and calibration/recalibration is and will be used to get a maximum likehood fit. Clearly, in desert conditions and little or no vegetation, rainfall tends to build up deep in the profile, increase salinity in groundwater, and create waterlogging. Any vegetation is helpful; perennials more so; provided they have sufficient water and are not significantly harvested.

A simple numerical model to estimate water availability in saline soils

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mahnaz Khataar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate

We developed a numerical model to predict soil salinity from knowledge of evapotranspiration rate, crop salt tolerance, irrigation water salinity, and soil hydraulic properties. Using the model, we introduced a new weighting function to express the limitation imposed by salinity on plant available water estimated by the integral water capacity concept. Lower and critical limits of soil water uptake by plants were also defined. We further analysed the sensitivity of model results to underlying parameters using characteristics given for corn, cowpea, and barley in the literature and two clay and sandy loam soils obtained from databases. Results showed that, between two irrigation events, soil salinity increased nonlinearly with decreasing soil water content especially when evapotranspiration and soil drainage rate were high. The salinity weighting function depended greatly on the plant sensitivity to salinity and irrigation water salinity. This research confirmed that both critical and lower limits (in terms of water content) of soil water uptake by plants increased with evapotranspiration rate and irrigation water salinity. Since the presented approach is based on a physical concept and well-known plant parameters, soil hydraulic characteristics, irrigation water salinity, and meteorological conditions, it may be useful in spatio-temporal modelling of soil water quality and quantity and prediction of crop yield.

Simulating soil-water movement under a hedgerow surrounding a bottomland reveals the importance of transpiration in water balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Thomas ◽  
J. Molénat ◽  
V. Caubel ◽  
C. Grimaldi ◽  
P. Mérot
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Water Movement

scholarly journals Energy balance closure on a winter wheat stand: comparing the eddy covariance technique with the soil water balance method

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Imukova ◽  
J. Ingwersen ◽  
M. Hevart ◽  
T. Streck
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Closure Method

Abstract. The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is typically not closed. The nature of the gap is usually not known, which hampers using EC data to parameterize and test models. In the present study we cross-checked the evapotranspiration data obtained with the EC method (ETEC) against ET rates measured with the soil water balance method (ETWB) at winter wheat stands in southwest Germany. During the growing seasons 2012 and 2013, we continuously measured, in a half-hourly resolution, latent heat (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes using the EC technique. Measured fluxes were adjusted with either the Bowen-ratio (BR), H or LE post-closure method. ETWB was estimated based on rainfall, seepage and soil water storage measurements. The soil water storage term was determined at sixteen locations within the footprint of an EC station, by measuring the soil water content down to a soil depth of 1.5 m. In the second year, the volumetric soil water content was additionally continuously measured in 15 min resolution in 10 cm intervals down to 90 cm depth with sixteen capacitance soil moisture sensors. During the 2012 growing season, the H post-closed LE flux data (ETEC =  3.4 ± 0.6 mm day−1) corresponded closest with the result of the WB method (3.3 ± 0.3 mm day−1). ETEC adjusted by the BR (4.1 ± 0.6 mm day−1) or LE (4.9 ± 0.9 mm day−1) post-closure method were higher than the ETWB by 24 and 48 %, respectively. In 2013, ETWB was in best agreement with ETEC adjusted with the H post-closure method during the periods with low amount of rain and seepage. During these periods the BR and LE post-closure methods overestimated ET by about 46 and 70 %, respectively. During a period with high and frequent rainfalls, ETWB was in-between ETEC adjusted by H and BR post-closure methods. We conclude that, at most observation periods on our site, LE is not a major component of the energy balance gap. Our results indicate that the energy balance gap is made up by other energy fluxes and unconsidered or biased energy storage terms.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Soil Water Conservation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5513-5520
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cultivated Plants

The conservation of water resources through their optimal use is a compulsory for countries with water shortages in the arid and semi-arid regions, and it should be in an environmentally friendly manner to avoid the serious consequences of the use of environmentally harmful substances, the implications of which are currently evident from climate change, pollution of water bodies, soils, etc. Since Egypt is one of those countries suffering from water scarcity and uses about 82.5 percent of its water consumption in agriculture, according to data of the Ministry of Irrigation in 2010, so this research is focusing on the use of new methods to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, to achieve high productivity of agricultural crops with less water use that will certainly help to alleviate or solve the water scarcity issue. The study used a physical based model, to simulate the methods used to increase sand soil properties to ensure larger water retention index. Within this work, soil have been sampled from different areas, to simulate the behavior of arid lands, under different water retention techniques. Soil was exposed to different techniques, as it was mixed with soil additives in different quantities and different types. Physical barriers of cohesive soil and polyethylene sheets were used in addition to studying the effect of mulch on water storage capacity in noncohesive soil. Water retention have been measured using the direct method of determination soil water content by oven drying and the volumetric water content (𝞱v ) with time graphs have been plotted in groups, as well as the cultivated plants have been monitored as to measure the influence on plants growing and irrigation efficiency. And the experiment showed that the use of rice straw (RS) and wheat straw (WS) in the powder condition have a significant effect in increasing in the soil water content and even to the plant growth, the WS obtained 𝞱v values approaching the loam soil at times and slightly less in the case of RS, when the percentage of RC and WS was 30% to the sandy soil volume/volume (v/v). Also the use of mulch of RS showed a noticeable increase in 𝞱v and significant improvement of plant growth to that without mulch. These proven technologies can be used in sandy land targeted for reclamation to reduce water use in agriculture.

Soil water content and water balance in rainfed fields in Northeast Thailand

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Moroizumi ◽  
Hiromasa Hamada ◽  
Somsak Sukchan ◽  
Masahiro Ikemoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Northeast Thailand

Respond of Plant Growth and Soil Water-Salt to Different Irrigation Amounts in Little Thickness Aeration Zone in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3872-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Jin ◽  
Jing Long Fan ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Bing Wen Li ◽  
Xin Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Water Salt

In order to clarify the influence of saline water irrigation to plant growth and distribution ofsoil water-salt, and providing theoretical basis for sustainable water supply of ecological constructionin desert area, the data of soil water-salt and plant growth was observed at Tarim Desert HighwayShelter-forest Ecological Project No. 17 well. The law of soil water and salt spatial distribution wasanalyzed, and the responses of plant growth to 4 different irrigation amounts were studied by singleelement variance analysis. The results were as follows: the soil water content reaches or is close tosaturation in layer of 100~120cm under the 420mm irrigation water condition; The soil water contentreaches or is close to saturation in layer of 160~180cm under the 233.1mm irrigation water condition;The soil water content reaches or is close to saturation in layer of 180~200cm under the 285.6mm irrigation water condition; The soil water content reaches or is close to saturation in layer of160~180cm under the 201.6mm irrigation water condition. The vertical distribution law of soilssalinity is that the soil salt can enter groundwater after 3 days of irrigation, and be gathered in 0~30cmsoil layer. There were no significant differences except the Tamarix plant height in plant growthindexes among 4 different irrigation quantities treatments.

scholarly journals Soil water-balance-based approach for estimating percolation with lysimeter and in field with and without mulch under micro irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Marcos de Souza Campos ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Dreux Miranda Fernandes ◽  
Jailson Lopes Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reliable Determination

Precise, accurate knowledge of percolation is key to reliable determination of soil water balance and a crop’s water-use efficiency. This work evaluated an approach to estimate the amount of water percolated in the root zone using soil water content (SWC) data measured at different time intervals. The approach was based on the difference of soil water content within and below the effective root zone of banana plants at different time intervals. A drainage lysimeter was used to compare the measured and estimated percolation data. The approach was then used in a banana orchard under drip and micro sprinkler irrigation, with and without the use of mulch. The soil water storage in the banana’s root zone was evaluated within a two-dimensional soil profile with time domain reflectometry (TDR). Mean percolation measured in the lysimeters did not differ from the approach’s estimates using intervals between SWC readings equal to or longer than 6 h from the end of an irrigation event. Percolation estimates under drip and micro sprinkler irrigation in the field, with and without mulch, were consistent with those measured in the lysimeters, considering the 6-h interval of SWC measurements. Percolation was greater under the drip irrigation system with mulch. The amount of water percolated was not influenced by the presence of mulch under the micro sprinkler system. Keywords: localized irrigation, soil water balance, soil water content sensor.

scholarly journals Soil Water Studies on Oxisols and Ultisols of Puerto Rico: III. Capillary Conductivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
James M. Wolf ◽  
Matthew Drosdoff
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Root Zone

Values of capillary conductivity were calculated for the Humatas and Bayamón soils. These were found to be highly water content dependent. Using values of capillary conductivity, it was estimated that 10% of the water required for evapotranspiration might be supplied by upward water movement from the profile below the root zone.

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