scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Onset Amplitude of Vibration with Atomization Experimental Results

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Yu-Lin Song ◽  
Chih-Hsiao Cheng ◽  
Manoj Kumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Vibrational Velocity ◽  
Modern Development

In this study, the onset amplitude of the initial capillary surface wave for ultrasonic atomization of fluids has been implemented. The design and characterization of 485 kHz microfabricated silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles are presented for the concept of economic energy development. Each nozzle is composed of a silicon resonator and a piezoelectric drive section consisting of three Fourier horns. The required minimum energy to atomize liquid droplets is verified by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software to clarify experimental data. The simulation study reports a minimum vibrational amplitude (onset) of 0.365 μm at the device bottom under the designated frequency of 485 kHz. The experimental study agrees well with the suggested frequency and the amplitude concerning the corresponding surface vibrational velocity in simulation. While operating, the deionized water was initially atomized into microdroplets at the given electrode voltage of 5.96 V. Microdroplets are steadily and continuously formed after the liquid feeding rate is optimized. This newly designed ultrasonic atomizer facilitates the development of capillary surface wave resonance at a designated frequency. A required vibrational amplitude and finite electric driving voltage promote not only the modern development in the green energy industry, but also the exploration of noninvasive, microencapsulated drug delivery and local spray needs.

scholarly journals Simulation of Onset of the Capillary Surface Wave in the Ultrasonic Atomizer

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Yu-Lin Song ◽  
Chih-Hsiao Cheng ◽  
Manoj Reddy ◽  
Md Saikhul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Liquid Feeding

The novel drug delivery system refers to the formulations and technologies for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as it is needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effects. In this study, the onset vibrational amplitude of capillary surface waves for ultrasonic atomization spray is explained based on Faraday instability. Using ultrasonic frequency, the vibrational amplitude approached a critical point, and the liquid surface broke up into tiny drops. The micro-droplets were are steadily and continuously formed after the liquid feeding rate was optimized. The simulation study reported a minimum vibrational amplitude or onset value of 0.38 μm at 500 kHz frequency. The required minimum energy to atomize the drops was simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The simulation result agreed well with the numerical results of a subharmonic vibrational model that ocurred at 250 kHz frequency on the liquid surface. This newly designed single frequency ultrasonic atomizer showed its true physical characteristic of resonance on the fluid surface plane. Hence, this research will contribute to the future development of a single-frequency ultrasonic nebulizer and mechatronics for the generation of uniform atomized droplets.

scholarly journals Pulsating fields of a thin film in a static magnetic field under vertical vibrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012233
Author(s):  
I V Volodin ◽  
A A Alabuzhev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Film ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Vertical Vibrations

Abstract In the present paper a dynamics of a thin ferrofluid film under the vertical vibration in a static magnetic field is examined. The vibrational amplitude is assumed to be greater than film thickness so that vibrational force is greater than magnetic and gravitational forces. The pulsating part and the averaged part of the hydrodynamics fields are obtained. The solution of pulsating part for the traveling surface wave is found. The equation for the averaged surface profile is found.

scholarly journals Simulations and Experiments on the Vibrational Characteristics of Cylindrical Shell Resonator Actuated by Piezoelectric Electrodes with Different Thicknesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Luo ◽  
Tianliang Qu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yao Pan ◽  
Pengbo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Electrode Thickness ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Vibrational Characteristics

The resonator is the key element of the Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscope (CVG). The vibrational characteristics of the resonator, including the resonant frequency, vibrational amplitude, and Q factor, have a great influence on CVG’s performance. Among them, the vibrational amplitude mainly affects the scale factor and the signal-to-noise ratio, and the Q factor directly determines the precision and drift characteristics of the gyroscope. In this paper, a finite element model of a cylindrical shell resonator actuated by piezoelectric electrodes with different thicknesses is built to investigate the vibrational characteristics. The simulation results indicate that the resonant frequency barely changes with the electrode thickness, whereas the vibrational amplitude is inversely proportional to the electrode thickness under the same driving voltage. Experiments were performed with four resonators and piezoelectric electrodes of four sizes, and results were consistent with simulations. The resonant frequencies of four resonators changed within 0.36% after attaching the piezoelectric electrodes. Meanwhile, with the same driving voltage, it was shown that the vibrational amplitude decreased with the increase of electrode thickness. Moreover, thinner electrodes resulted in better Q factor and therefore better performance. This study may provide useful reference on electrode design of the CVGs.

Energy Analysis of Piezoelectric-Actuated Structures Driven by Linear Amplifiers

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Electromechanical System ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Driving Frequency ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Abstract Energy expressions for a piezoelectric actuator coupled to a resonant mechanical load are analyzed for the purpose of determining the energy requirements of controlled structures. The analysis illustrates that the energy dissipated within the linear amplifier is a function of four parameters: the driving frequency, the piezoelectric coupling coefficient, the relative stiffness of the actuator and load, and the amplifier supply voltage. The piezoelectric actuator and the mechanical load are assumed to be lossless to highlight the relationship between energy dissipated within the amplifier and the energy stored in the actuator. For a specific frequency, the minimum energy dissipation within the amplifier is equal to twice the stored electrical energy in the piezoelectric when the amplifier voltage is equal to the driving voltage of the actuator. Additional energy is dissipated within the amplifier when the supply voltage is greater than the driving voltage. In the case when the actuator displacement is constant as a function of frequency, the energy dissipation in the amplifier decreases near the resonance of the coupled electromechanical system and reaches a minimum when the piezoelectric charge due to the applied voltage is equal and opposite to the charge induced by the load. The steady-state amplitude of the charge, and hence the actuator current, is equal to zero at this frequency. The results illustrate that energy dissipation is minimized when the actuator is operated at near the resonance or antiresonance of the coupled electromechanical system.

Comprehensive Control Strategy and Simulation Research on Micro Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2609-2614
Author(s):  
Yu Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Operation

Micro grid can integrate various distributed generators and provide local load with green energy. Therefore, it becomes a hot spot of research in every country all over the world. Due to small inertia, large number of models, big difference among internal electric sources of Micro grid operation, it is more difficult to keep stabilization of voltage frequency of common points in the network, and more complicated to control the problems. The article puts forward the improved droop control strategy based on distributed power supply layer, on the basis of traditional droop control, it increases the feed forward regulation mechanism so as to change the droop coefficient, increase the power regulation scope, speed up the common point frequency voltage stability and improve the control precision, which has realized the specific control of power output when the Micro grid synchronizes and closes, as well as the purpose of power distribution according to load demand for islanding. Finally, we use power system simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC V4.4 to verify the practicability of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Flicker Mitigation in PMSG WECS Employing Grid Side Converter Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Grid Side ◽  
Grid Side Converter

Need of green energy can be catered with the support of major share of wind power generation systems in the global energy scenario. Power quality of generated wind power depends on several factors. Wind velocity is one of the major factors producing fluctuations in the generated output voltage. These fluctuations cause visible disturbance to human eyes, known as voltage flicker. The wind farms affect performance of Grid due to variations in wind speed with respect to time. The paper explains measurement of flicker, flicker level severity index along with flicker mitigation technique. Flicker is observed in the power generated with help of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), where wind velocity is changing continuously. After employing converter control strategy, reduction in flicker level severity index is observed. The system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC, a powerful simulation software. Result shows that Grid side converter control helps to mitigate flicker effect.

A Compliant Translational Mechanism Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuc Huu Nguyen ◽  
Gursel Alici ◽  
Rahim Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Experimental Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crank Mechanism

This paper reports on a linear actuation mechanism in the form of a parallel-crank mechanism (i.e., double-crank mechanism) articulated with two dielectric elastomer actuators working in parallel that are fabricated as a minimum energy structure. This structure is established by stretching a dielectric elastomer (DE) film (VHB4910) over a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) frame so that the energy released from the stretched DE film is stored in the frame as bending energy. The mechanism can output a translational motion under a driving voltage applied between two electrodes of the DE film. We have proposed visco-elastic models for the DE film and the frame of the actuator so that the mechanical properties of the actuator can more accurately be incorporated into the mechanism model. The proposed model accurately predicts the experimental frequency response of the mechanism at different voltages. In addition, an inversion-based feedforward controller was successfully implemented in order to further validate the proposed model for sensorless position control of the actuators and the parallel-crank mechanism articulated with these actuators.

Collisional radiative model of an argon atmospheric capillary surface-wave discharge

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5497-5506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yanguas-Gil ◽  
J. Cotrino ◽  
A. R. González-Elipe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Collisional Radiative Model ◽  
Radiative Model ◽  
Wave Discharge

scholarly journals Bases of the algorithm for selecting a transport option of harding liquids of the industrial-agricultural complex in the presence of sea transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Anatolii Berestovoi ◽  
◽  
Olga Khliestova ◽  
Sergii Zinchenko ◽  
Ivan Berestovoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
International Systems

The modern development of nuclear energy, defense and space technology, aviation, chemistry, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, all types of transport, medicine, road and industrial construction, food and other types of industry and technology has led to an increase in the volume of transportation of specific cargoes – solidifying liquids. They are produced and consumed, as a rule, in liquid form, and some of them can be transported in any aggregate state, for example: liquid, in bulk, powder, granules, colloidal, piece, packaged. As a rule, these substances, when they are transferred to the state necessary for the producer and consumer for transportation and storage, have increased: harmful effects on the environment, costs of energy, human and natural resources. The main generalized interrelated criteria of each variant of the solidification fluid transport system (FTS) are related to 1 ton of the transported fluid: the minimum of the economic costs, the minimum time spent on transporting the liquid, the minimum harmful effect of the FTS on the environment, and the minimum energy consumption. The basics of assessing the transport of hardening fluids of the industrial-agricultural complex in the implementation of maritime transport are considered. It is noted that the necessary systematic approach to the study, which takes into account the largest number of objects and operations in the FTS, taking into account interactions that are not taken into account in established practice: integration into international systems, financial needs and staffing of all system participants, etc. Tasks, considered in the FTS, from the point of view of decision theory, are deterministic in nature, since each selected option comes with a unique result. It is determined that the controlling mechanism in the system of transport of solidified liquids is a contractual agreement on a commercial basis between the producer, transport and consumer of the solidified liquid and the main constituent entities. In the course of this study, significant features were identified during the transportation of FTS, the application of the scientific method to the tasks of managing the FTS is shown, which provides, first of all, the creation of operational models of FTS in general, and then experimentation at the level of objects and processes. The criterion used in solving such problems should be the boundary of maximizing expected utility.

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