Simulation of Onset of the Capillary Surface Wave in the Ultrasonic Atomizer

The novel drug delivery system refers to the formulations and technologies for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as it is needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effects. In this study, the onset vibrational amplitude of capillary surface waves for ultrasonic atomization spray is explained based on Faraday instability. Using ultrasonic frequency, the vibrational amplitude approached a critical point, and the liquid surface broke up into tiny drops. The micro-droplets were are steadily and continuously formed after the liquid feeding rate was optimized. The simulation study reported a minimum vibrational amplitude or onset value of 0.38 μm at 500 kHz frequency. The required minimum energy to atomize the drops was simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The simulation result agreed well with the numerical results of a subharmonic vibrational model that ocurred at 250 kHz frequency on the liquid surface. This newly designed single frequency ultrasonic atomizer showed its true physical characteristic of resonance on the fluid surface plane. Hence, this research will contribute to the future development of a single-frequency ultrasonic nebulizer and mechatronics for the generation of uniform atomized droplets.

Download Full-text

Numerical Analysis of Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Onset Amplitude of Vibration with Atomization Experimental Results

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1972

Author(s):

Yu-Lin Song ◽

Chih-Hsiao Cheng ◽

Manoj Kumar Reddy

Keyword(s):

Surface Wave ◽

Minimum Energy ◽

Green Energy ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Vibrational Amplitude ◽

Driving Voltage ◽

Liquid Droplets ◽

Capillary Surface ◽

Vibrational Velocity ◽

Modern Development

In this study, the onset amplitude of the initial capillary surface wave for ultrasonic atomization of fluids has been implemented. The design and characterization of 485 kHz microfabricated silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles are presented for the concept of economic energy development. Each nozzle is composed of a silicon resonator and a piezoelectric drive section consisting of three Fourier horns. The required minimum energy to atomize liquid droplets is verified by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software to clarify experimental data. The simulation study reports a minimum vibrational amplitude (onset) of 0.365 μm at the device bottom under the designated frequency of 485 kHz. The experimental study agrees well with the suggested frequency and the amplitude concerning the corresponding surface vibrational velocity in simulation. While operating, the deionized water was initially atomized into microdroplets at the given electrode voltage of 5.96 V. Microdroplets are steadily and continuously formed after the liquid feeding rate is optimized. This newly designed ultrasonic atomizer facilitates the development of capillary surface wave resonance at a designated frequency. A required vibrational amplitude and finite electric driving voltage promote not only the modern development in the green energy industry, but also the exploration of noninvasive, microencapsulated drug delivery and local spray needs.

Download Full-text

Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Properties Discovered with Extraordinary SuccessOK

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9060667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Gabriella Racchetti ◽

Jacopo Meldolesi

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Immune Regulation ◽

Great Increase ◽

The Body ◽

Cell Aging ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Therapeutic Properties

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cells distributed in the stromas of the body, are known for various properties including replication, the potential of various differentiations, the immune-related processes including inflammation. About two decades ago, these cells were shown to play relevant roles in the therapy of numerous diseases, dependent on their immune regulation and their release of cytokines and growth factors, with ensuing activation of favorable enzymes and processes. Such discovery induced great increase of their investigation. Soon thereafter, however, it became clear that therapeutic actions of MSCs are risky, accompanied by serious drawbacks and defects. MSC therapy has been therefore reduced to a few diseases, replaced for the others by their extracellular vesicles, the MSC-EVs. The latter vesicles recapitulate most therapeutic actions of MSCs, with equal or even better efficacies and without the serious drawbacks of the parent cells. In addition, MSC-EVs are characterized by many advantages, among which are their heterogeneities dependent on the stromas of origin, the alleviation of cell aging, the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Here we illustrate the MSC-EV therapeutic effects, largely mediated by specific miRNAs, covering various diseases and pathological processes occurring in the bones, heart and vessels, kidney, and brain. MSC-EVs operate also on the development of cancers and on COVID-19, where they alleviate the organ lesions induced by the virus. Therapy by MSC-EVs can be improved by combination of their innate potential to engineering processes inducing precise targeting and transfer of drugs. The unique properties of MSC-EVs explain their intense studies, carried out with extraordinary success. Although not yet developed to clinical practice, the perspectives for proximal future are encouraging.

Download Full-text

Bandwidth Optimization of a Textile PIFA with DGS Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2516

Author(s):

Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias ◽

Ping Jack Soh ◽

Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi ◽

Prayoot Akkaraekthalin ◽

Guy A. E. Vandenbosch

Keyword(s):

Wireless Body Area Network ◽

Simulation Software ◽

The Body ◽

Mode Analysis ◽

Area Network ◽

Defected Ground Structure ◽

Characteristic Mode ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Rectangular Patch ◽

Conventional Optimization

This work presents the design and optimization of an antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to enhance bandwidth. This DGS is integrated with a rectangular patch with circular meandered rings (RPCMR) in a wearable format fully using textiles for wireless body area network (WBAN) application. For this integration process, both CMA and the method of moments (MoM) were applied using the same electromagnetic simulation software. This work characterizes and estimates the final shape and dimensions of the DGS using the CMA method, aimed at enhancing antenna bandwidth. The optimization of the dimensions and shape of the DGS is simplified, as the influence of the substrates and excitation is first excluded. This optimizes the required time and resources in the design process, in contrast to the conventional optimization approaches made using full wave “trial and error” simulations on a complete antenna structure. To validate the performance of the antenna on the body, the specific absorption rate is studied. Simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed antenna meets the requirements of wideband on-body operation.

Download Full-text

Impact of Electric Vehicle Lateral Dynamics on the Battery Pack

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.451 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 590 ◽

pp. 451-457

Author(s):

Sen Nan Song ◽

Fa Chao Jiang ◽

Hong Shi

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Angular Acceleration ◽

Simulation Software ◽

The Body ◽

Battery Pack ◽

Vehicle Body ◽

Rolling Motion ◽

Rolling Angle ◽

On The Road ◽

The Mathematical Model

The present work is concerned with the rolling motion of the battery pack when EV travelling on the road. First McPherson suspension system was regarded as the research object with detailed analysis of its structural features and motion characteristics. Establish the mathematical model which could apply to calculating the rolling motion of the vehicle body. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, we could calculate the rolling angle on passive suspension. On this basis, assume that the battery pack mounted on the vehicle body and make it passive connection and PID connection. When the body rolls, the battery pack will produce a certain angle then. Next establish the mathematical model to summarize the relationship between the two variables. Then we set the parameters and calculate the roll angle of battery pack in both cases for comparison. Simulation results show that road irregularities will make battery rotate an angle and PID controller can effectively reduce the angle, especially angular acceleration. This paper put forward a new idea that battery is connected with body by active control on EV, and proves the superiority in reducing the rolling angle.

Download Full-text

A Semi-Autonomous Quadruped Robot for Performing Disinfection in Cluttered Environments

10.1115/detc2021-70850 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiyu Chen ◽

Abhinav Pandey ◽

Zhiwei Deng ◽

Anthony Nguyen ◽

Ruiqi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vision System ◽

Quadruped Robot ◽

Simulation Software ◽

The Body ◽

Body Motion ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Public And Private ◽

Cluttered Environments ◽

Integrated Simulation ◽

Human Labor

Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably made disinfection a daily routine to ensure the safety of public and private spaces. However, the existing disinfection procedures are time-consuming and require intensive human labor to apply chemical-based disinfectant onto contaminated surfaces. In this paper, a robot disinfection system is presented to increase the automation of the disinfection task to assist humans in performing routine disinfection safely and efficiently. This paper presents a semi-autonomous quadruped robot called LASER-D for performing disinfection in cluttered environments. The robot is equipped with a spray-based disinfection system and leverages the body motion to control the spray action without an extra stabilization mechanism. The spraying unit is mounted on the robot’s back and controlled by the robot computer. The control architecture is designed based on force control, resulting in navigating rough terrains and the flexibility in controlling the body motion during standing and walking for the disinfection task. The robot also uses the vision system to improve localization and maintain desired distance to the disinfection surface. The system incorporates image processing capability to evaluate disinfected regions with high accuracy. This feedback is then used to adjust the disinfection plan to guarantee that all assigned areas are disinfected properly. The system is also equipped with highly integrated simulation software to design, simulate and evaluate disinfection plans effectively. This work has allowed the robot to successfully carry out effective disinfection experiments while safely traversing through cluttered environments, climb stairs/slopes, and navigate on slippery surfaces.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic nanomedicine surmounts the limitations of pharmacotherapy

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2017-0041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 271-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arome Odiba ◽

Victoria Ottah ◽

Comfort Ottah ◽

Ogechukwu Anunobi ◽

Chimere Ukegbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Unique Property ◽

The Body ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Genetic Therapy ◽

Target Drug Delivery ◽

Target Drug ◽

And Control ◽

Manipulation And Control

AbstractScience always strives to find an improved way of doing things and nanoscience is one such approach. Nanomaterials are suitable for pharmaceutical applications mostly because of their size which facilitates absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the nanoparticles. Whether labile or insoluble nanoparticles, their cytotoxic effect on malignant cells has moved the use of nanomedicine into focus. Since nanomedicine can be described as the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases towards ultimately improving human health, a lot of nanotechnology options have received approval by various regulatory agencies. Nanodrugs also have been discovered to be more precise in targeting the desired site, hence maximizing the therapeutic effects, while minimizing side-effects on the rest of the body. This unique property and more has made nanomedicine popular in therapeutic medicine employing nanotechnology in genetic therapy, drug encapsulation, enzyme manipulation and control, tissue engineering, target drug delivery, pharmacogenomics, stem cell and cloning, and even virus-based hybrids. This review highlights nanoproducts that are in development and have gained approval through one clinical trial stage or the other.

Download Full-text

Olanzapine-high potency antipsychotic drug inducing significant weight gain: A case report

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0806284m ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (5-6) ◽

pp. 284-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadja Maric ◽

Dragana Josifovic-Kostic ◽

Olivera Vukovic ◽

Dubravka Britvic ◽

Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Initial Response ◽

Young Female ◽

The Body ◽

Average Weight ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Significant Weight Gain ◽

High Level

INTRODUCTION Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) with a high level of therapeutic effectiveness in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Along with the positive therapeutic effects, an increase of the body weight frequently occurs. According to the literature, the average weight gain is about 6-7 kg during several months of treatment. This could be valued as a moderate weight increase. CASE OUTLINE This article presents a case of a young female with schizophrenia, without clinical improvement with several antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone, haloperidol) and with the occurrence of significant neurological side effects. The treatment started with olanzapine (baseline) was associated with good initial response (PANSS reduction 20% in the first two weeks) and the improvement was maintained further on (PANSS reduction 50% after 16 weeks). Significant increase (20 kg, 40%) in weight appeared during the following 16 weeks (BMI at baseline 17.9 kg/m2; BMI 16 weeks later 25.1 kg/m2). CONCLUSION High effectiveness of olanzapine in schizophrenia symptoms reduction was accompanied by a significant weight gain. However, this drug leads to impaired glucoregulation, dyslipidaemia etc. It also increases the risk of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases, i.e. the main causes of mortality in schizophrenia after a suicide. Therefore, clinicians are suggested to focus on possible predictors of weight gain during olanzapine therapy, and act accordingly in order to prevent serious health consequences.

Download Full-text

The reconstitution of African women's spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane (Voices of Women) project in KwaZulu-Natal (1998-2005)

10.51415/10321/454 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Bernice Stott

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Narrative Therapy ◽

Well Being ◽

National Archive ◽

The Body ◽

Government Support ◽

African Women ◽

Primary Data ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Kwazulu Natal

This study will investigate and critically evaluate the reconstitution of African women’s spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane project. This project forms part of the endeavours of Create Africa South, a Non Governmental Organisation situated in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, which was initiated by the artist Andries Botha. It encourages women, post trauma, to ‘re-member’ themselves by creating memory cloths of embroidery and appliqué reflecting on their experiences in pre- and post-apartheid South Africa. This interdisciplinary study theorises that it is an archive that speaks about African women resisting destructive forces and reconstituting their spiritualities through the therapeutic effects of creativity. The study will not include research into the many other activities undertaken by Create Africa South. Rupture is implied in the use of the word ‘reconstitution’. Reconstitution encompasses the act of constituting again the character of the body, mind and spirit as regards health, strength and well-being of the women (McIntosh, 1970:261). In this study, spirituality is defined as the way in which the women in the Amazwi Abesifazane project reflect upon and live out their belief in God. The power of storytelling is examined from the perspectives of narratology, narrative therapy, sewing and orality/literary studies as resources for the women’s reclamation of their lives. Defining feminisms in South Africa is problematised by issues of race, class and culture. In a context of poverty, everyday survivalist strategies are the diverse forms of resistance seen in the Amazwi Abesifazane project. The women’s stories, cloths and interviews are triangulated as primary data. They are examples of the rich art of resistance against despair and are located in a paradigm of hope. In conclusion, I strongly call for government support in declaring the project a national archive. The multidimensional mediums of the Amazwi Abesifazane/ UbuMama projects nurture the women’s creativity and revitalise their spiritualities towards personal and national transformation.

Download Full-text

Innovative design and simulation of clothing products for children with atypical changes in conformation and posture

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.068.01.1386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (01) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

POPESCU GEORGETA ◽

NICULESCU CLAUDIA ◽

OLARU SABINA

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Simulation Software ◽

The Body ◽

Virtual Simulation ◽

Simulation And Modeling ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Innovative Design ◽

3D Simulations ◽

The One ◽

Product Verification

The paper presents the design stages of clothing products for children with atypical changes in conformation and posture and the virtual simulation and modeling for the body-product verification. The design technology is an innovative one that allows obtaining the customized patterns by made-to-measure method applied to standardized patterns for all age groups of children, selecting the one corresponding to the typo-dimension of studied subject. The large number of existing anthropometric data and viewing virtual body allows the identification of areas of the body that shows changes in conformation and posture and provides information to the designer and pattern technician in order to develop suitable products in terms of functionality and aesthetics. With the help of simulation software Optitex 3D simulations modeling is performed on the body until fulfillment of the compliance degree for the designed product.

Download Full-text

Optimization of The Electrospinning Process for Preparation of Nanofibers From Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Chromolaena odorata L. Extrac (COE)

Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia ◽

10.15294/jpfi.v16i1.12629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

I. Sriyanti ◽

L. Marlina ◽

J. Jauhari

Keyword(s):

Wound Dressing ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

The Body ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Important Process ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Solubility In Water

The Cromaloena odorata (COE) contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids that possess diverse therapeutic effects. However, COE has poor solubility in water and poor absorbtion in the body. Incorporation of COE in nanofiber system is a promising way to increase CEO solubility. One of the method to produce nanofiber is electrospinning. The electrospinning process there are three of the most important process parameters are applied flowrate, voltage and TCD. In this study we developed optimized condition for electrospinning process of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CEO and their characterization. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that modification of flowrate and TCD did not affect the morphology of PVA and COE fiber. However fiber diameter decreased when lower flowrate, higher voltage was applied, and TCD. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study was conducted to identify possible intermolecular interaction between PVA/COE that has potential application as antimicrobial wound dressing.

Download Full-text