scholarly journals Self-Flocculation as an Efficient Method to Harvest Microalgae: A Mini-Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2585
Author(s):  
Tianrui Li ◽  
Jiangjun Hu ◽  
Liandong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cost Efficient

The development of clean and renewable biofuels has been of wide concern on the topic of energy and environmental issues. As a kind of biomass energy with great application prospects, microalgae have many advantages and are used in the fields of environmental protection and biofuels as well as food or feed production for humans and animals. However, the high cost of microalgae harvesting is the main bottleneck of industrial production on a large scale. Self-flocculation is a cost-efficient and promising method for harvesting microalgal biomass. This article briefly describes the current commonly used technology for microalgae harvesting, focusing on the research progress of self-flocculation. This article explores the relative mechanisms and influencing factors of self-flocculation and discusses a proposal for the integration of algae cultivation and harvesting as well as the co-cultivation of algae and bacteria in an effort to provide a reference for microalgae harvesting with high efficiency and low cost.

scholarly journals Research progress of carbon-assisted etching of silicon nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Ling Tong ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Baoguo Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Silicon Nanostructures ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Silicon Based

Abstract Silicon nanostructures are attracting growing attention due to their properties and promising application prospects in solar energy conversion and storage devices, thermoelectric devices, lithium-ion batteries, and biosensing technologies. The large-scale and low-cost preparation of silicon nanostructures is critical for silicon-based advanced functional devices commercialization. In this paper, the feasibility and mechanism of silicon nanostructure fabricated by non-metallic carbon catalytic etching, as well as the currently existing problems and future development trend are reviewed.

scholarly journals Study of Chlorella vulgaris sedimentation process

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 05023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Patyna ◽  
Małgorzata Płaczek ◽  
Stanisław Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting

The paper reports the results of Chlorella vulgaris sedimentation process including description of cultivation condition of microalgal biomass. The process of algae cultivation was carried out in photobioreactor comprising systems of carbon dioxide supply, mixing and artificial LED illumination. The growth of microalgae was determined alternatively in three ways by measuring the amount of dry mass over time, counting the cells and measurement of optical density by use of a spectrophotometer. Algae biomass with different concentration was subjected to the separation process by gravity. This led to the determination of the characteristic of sedimentation process for different concentrations and cell sizes. The experimental results indicate that sedimentation process offers a tool with a potential application for microalgae harvesting.

scholarly journals High-resolution combinatorial patterning of functional nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xing ◽  
Zaiqin Man ◽  
Jie Bian ◽  
Yadong Yin ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Functional Nanoparticles ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Daunting Challenge

AbstractFast, low-cost, reliable, and multi-component nanopatterning techniques for functional colloidal nanoparticles have been dreamed about by scientists and engineers for decades. Although countless efforts have been made, it is still a daunting challenge to organize different nanocomponents into a predefined structure with nanometer precision over the millimeter and even larger scale. To meet the challenge, we report a nanoprinting technique that can print various functional colloidal nanoparticles into arbitrarily defined patterns with a 200 nm (or smaller) pitch (>125,000 DPI), 30 nm (or larger) pixel size/linewidth, 10 nm position accuracy and 50 nm overlay precision. The nanopatterning technique combines dielectrophoretic enrichment and deep surface-energy modulation and therefore features high efficiency and robustness. It can form nanostructures over the millimeter-scale by simply spinning, brushing or dip coating colloidal nanoink onto a substrate with minimum error (error ratio < 2 × 10−6). This technique provides a powerful yet simple construction tool for large-scale positioning and integration of multiple functional nanoparticles toward next-generation optoelectronic and biomedical devices.

A Low Cost ZSM-5 Zeolite Obtained from Rice Hull Ash

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Fernandes ◽  
E.U.C. Frajndlich ◽  
Humberto Gracher Riella
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Rice Hull Ash ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Zeolite Formation

The high pure synthetic zeolite have a large application in industry and agriculture, being nowadays in majority imported in Brazil. The biomass like rice hull ash (RHA), a rice industry waste, can be real advantageous in manufacture of different materials, since that is produced in large scale in the country. The silica extraction from RHA by alkaline leaching is a low energetic coast process and high efficiency, obtaining high pure silica with high reactive amorphous structure, very interesting for zeolite production. In this work was developed a economically feasible route for the production of high purity and crystallinity ZSM-5 zeolite, free of expensive template, starting from a low value intake, a industrial waste, producing a high value materials. The extracted silica from RHA in sodium silicate form is precipitated in the proper zeolite formation reactional mixture. The ZSM-5 have a lot of industrial applications due your high selectivity in catalytic reactions and high thermal and acid stability.

Interface and Nanostructural Engineering of Low-cost, Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1771 ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglong Zhu ◽  
Shihe Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Stability ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Efficient

ABSTRACTPerovskite solar cells have caught wide attention. High efficiency, low-cost and high stability are among the major goals, which could eventually move the perovskite solar cells to the market. To achieve these goals, interface deliberation and nanostructural engineering hold the key.

An Overview of the Finite Element Method on the Tool-Soil Interacting Problem of Tillage

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Liu ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Li Chun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Displacement Fields ◽  
Element Method

This article introduced the up-to-date research progress on the tool-soil interacting problem of tillage; and investigated the situation of constitutive relation usage in the finite element method (FEM). A review including the dynamic effect on the performance of tillage operation with FEM has been conducted. It showed that the virtual reality method with FEM had made much progress in evaluating the tool draft, distribution position of stress and strain, displacement fields and acceleration in soil-tool interactions, soft ware package of computer aided design of tillage tools; it will be a low cost and high efficiency assistive tool in the development procedure of tillage tools, and can be applied to study and analyze the performance of resulting prototypes.

Liquid Metal Printing for Manufacturing Large-Scale Flexible Electronic Circuits

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Zhi-Zhu He ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Large Area

The advancement of printed electronics technology has significantly facilitated the development of electronic engineering. However, so far there still remain big barriers to impede the currently available printing technologies from being extensively used. Many of the difficulties came from the factors like: complicated ink-configurations, high post-treatment temperature, poor conductivity in room temperature and extremely high cost and time consuming fabrication process. From an alternative strategy, our recently invented desktop liquid metal printer offered a flexible way to better address the above deficiencies. Through modifying the system developed in the authors’ lab, here we demonstrated the feasibility of the method in quickly and reliably printing out various large area electronic circuits. Particularly, the liquid metal ink made of GaIn24.5 alloy, with a high electrical resistivity of 2.98×10−7 Ω·m, can be rapidly printed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate with maximum sizes spanning from centimeter size to meter large. Most important of all, all these manufactures were achieved at an extremely low cost level which clearly shows the ubiquitous value of the liquid metal printer. To evaluate the working performance of the present electronics fabrication method, the electrical resistance and wire width of the printed circuits were investigated under multiple overprinting cycles. For practical illustration purpose, LED lighting conductive patterns which can serve as a functional electronic decoration art were fabricated on the flexible plastic substrate. The present work sets up an example for directly making large-scale ending consumer electronics via a high-efficiency and low-cost way.

Nanophotonics silicon solar cells: status and future challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Light Management

AbstractLight management plays an important role in high-performance solar cells. Nanostructures that could effectively trap light offer great potential in improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells with much reduced material usage. Developing low-cost and large-scale nanostructures integratable with solar cells, thus, promises new solutions for high efficiency and low-cost solar energy harvesting. In this paper, we review the exciting progress in this field, in particular, in the market, dominating silicon solar cells and pointing out challenges and future trends.

scholarly journals Characterization of Shallow Whole-Metagenome Shotgun Sequencing as a High-Accuracy and Low-Cost Method by Complicated Mock Microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Xu ◽  
Tianda Chen ◽  
Yuwei Pei ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Zhuanyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Taxonomic Assignments

Characterization of the bacterial composition and functional repertoires of microbiome samples is the most common application of metagenomics. Although deep whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMS) provides high taxonomic resolution, it is generally cost-prohibitive for large longitudinal investigations. Until now, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (16S) has been the most widely used approach and usually cooperates with WMS to achieve cost-efficiency. However, the accuracy of 16S results and its consistency with WMS data have not been fully elaborated, especially by complicated microbiomes with defined compositional information. Here, we constructed two complex artificial microbiomes, which comprised more than 60 human gut bacterial species with even or varied abundance. Utilizing real fecal samples and mock communities, we provided solid evidence demonstrating that 16S results were of poor consistency with WMS data, and its accuracy was not satisfactory. In contrast, shallow whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing (shallow WMS, S-WMS) with a sequencing depth of 1 Gb provided outputs that highly resembled WMS data at both genus and species levels and presented much higher accuracy taxonomic assignments and functional predictions than 16S, thereby representing a better and cost-efficient alternative to 16S for large-scale microbiome studies.

scholarly journals Technologies for Distributed Generation: key performance factors for industrial application

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Nalbandyan ◽  
S. S. Zholnerchik
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Cost

The reduction in the cost of technologies for distributed generation involves an increasing decentralization of power generation and large-scale development of distributed sources around the world. This trend is a key change in both the characteristics of electricity consumption: it is becoming increasingly flexible and mobile, and the patterns of consumer behavior in the electricity market. Electricity consumers are becoming at the same time its suppliers and require revision of traditional regulation standards of the electricity market. The purpose of the article is to assess the influence of distributed generation on the economy of both enterprises and the country as a whole. To identify the effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies, the method of case study analysis is used. The empirical analysis was carried out on the basis of twelve Russian companies that use their own energy sources. The selected companies belong to the following industries: industrial production, housing and communal services, retail trade, construction, agriculture. Technological and economic effects are revealed. Technological ones include: improving consumer reliability, energy security, involving local energy resources, optimizing load management and redundancy, providing the flexibility of smart grids (in terms of generation), reducing the load on the environment, including CO2 emissions. Economic effects: optimization of the load schedule, reduction of losses in the process of transmission/distribution of energy, expansion of cogeneration, etc., providing the consumer with the electricity of a given quality, saving losses in networks, reducing the cost of energy. The identified effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies make it possible to highlight the advantages of regeneration facilities: high efficiency and the possibility of cogeneration and trigeneration, individual maneuvering capacity loading, high reliability of equipment, low cost of transportation of electricity, fuel usage of the by-products and the main production waste. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated on a set of measures for the development of industrial distributed generation in Russia at the Federal level.

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