scholarly journals An Effective Framework for Monitoring and Measuring the Progress towards Sustainable Development in the Peri-Urban Areas of the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salem ◽  
Naoki Tsurusaki ◽  
Prasanna Divigalpitiya ◽  
Emad Kenawy
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
Greater Cairo Region

Sustainable development (SD) has become a crucial challenge globally, particularly in developing countries and cities. SD of peri-urban areas (PUA) has been tackled by a limited number of studies, unlike that of urban areas or cities. The PUAs of Greater Cairo (GC) are no exception; no study had addressed the state of the PUAs in terms of SD. Thus, this study sought to measure and evaluate the progress towards the SD in the PUAs of Greater Cairo, Egypt. Thirteen indicators were extracted from selected documents of the competent international organizations to measure and evaluate the performance of SD in the study area. The study resulted in a variety of charts and maps to explain the progress of SD in each municipality of the PUAs and then classify these municipalities based on their performance in sustainability indicators. The results revealed a wide gap between PUAs’ municipalities and the urban core of Greater Cairo. These results can help urban planners and decision-makers to better recognize the underdeveloped areas on the Greater Cairo peripheries, and hence, to develop the appropriate strategies and policies to improve SD in such areas.

scholarly journals Will Distance to the Capital City Matter When Supplying New Cities in Egypt?

GeoScape ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Ibrahim ◽  
Houshmand E. Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital City ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract Unlike other developing countries, the housing market in Egypt is characterized by densely populated urban areas in old cities and the peripheral urban agglomeration. In contrast, a high rate of vacancy along most of the new cities that have been established since the 1980s is seen. Regardless of such high rate of vacancies, still the variation in occupancy rates among those new cities is notable. Questions arising include: Does proximity to old cities or Greater Cairo affect the size of the population of the new cities? Is the size of the city or the year of establishment plays roles in attracting more inhabitants? The factors of spatial characteristics of new cities in Egypt remain questionable. This research aims to reveal the association between occupancy rate and six factors related to the spatial characteristics of new cities and their geographical locations, such as; current inhabitants, the estimated size of the target group, the size of new cities, total number of housing units, distance to nearby old city, and distance to Greater Cairo.

scholarly journals National policies in ensuring access to quality and safety of drugs: A challenge or a prerequisite

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hadipour Dehshal ◽  
M. Tabrizi Namini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Medical Delivery

Access to the essential medicines is an important challenge in the developing countries. To have access to the quality and affordable medicines, the pharmaceutical decision makers try different strategies. The production of generic and copy medicines is one of the strategies that if adopted based on the recognized standards and norms can be effective in raising the health status in the developing countries. However, the regulation enfeeblement has somewhat impaired the quality of generic and copy medicines and harmed the health life of consumers. Here we aim to reflect over the role of different beneficiaries including international organizations, governments, pharmaceutical companies, and NGOs in ensuring the feasible and sustainable access of citizens to the essential medicines. We also aim to highlight the importance of the patient status in the enhancement of the medical delivery.

Modeling and prediction of expected informal growth in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110022
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamed Badwi ◽  
Mohamed M El_Barmelgy ◽  
Ahmed Salah El_Din Ouf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Housing ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Greater Cairo Region

Informal settlement growth is a vital challenge for developing countries, which requires monitoring and assessment by urban planners and city managers. Rural migration to urban areas leads to the unplanned expansion that grows within and beyond the city’s official boundaries. Although informal housing (IH) is growing fast, very little attention is oriented toward exploring tools and procedures for predicting its future expansion. Many studies have shown that informal housing is widespread and represents one of the most dominant features of urbanization in Egypt. Modern simulation and modeling technologies provide new methodologies to explore the complexity of urban growth. As a result, many planning models were developed and successfully used to simulate the spread of planned settlements in developed nations. However, the implementation of these models rarely achieves realistic simulation in the case of unplanned growth due to the developer’s field of study and the available resources. The main objective is to simulate the expected informal housing by modeling its causative land use factors in the Greater Cairo Region. This paper develops a predictive model that anticipates the spatial distribution of unplanned growth and where informal housing is likely to occur over a period based on known growth factors. The proposed Informal Housing Growth Model derives its principles from cellular automata and geographic information system technologies. This model uses a multi-criteria concept, including parameters and conditions related to informal growth, and can be adapted to other growth factors.

scholarly journals Improving the accessibility to public schools in urban areas of developing countries through a location model and an analytical framework

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262520
Author(s):  
Jesica de Armas ◽  
Helena Ramalhinho ◽  
Marta Reynal-Querol
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
School Network

The location of primary public schools in urban areas of developing countries is the focus of this study. In such areas, new schools and modification of the current schools are required, and this process should be developed using rational and broad supporting tools for decision makers, such as optimization models. We propose a realistic coverage location model and a framework to analyze the location of schools. Our approach considers the existing schools and their resizing, the best locations of the new schools that may have different capacities, population coverage, walking distances and budget provisions for building and updating schools. As a case study, we assess the current primary school network in Ciudad Benito Juarez to provide managerial insights. Through the proposed framework, we analyze the current locations of schools and decisions to be made by considering future scenarios in different time periods. The proposed model is quite flexible and easy to adapt to new considerations, allowing it to be applied to regions in developing countries under similar conditions.

Sustainable and inclusive – Evaluating urban sustainability indicators’ suitability for measuring progress towards SDG-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097540
Author(s):  
Ryan Thomas ◽  
Angel Hsu ◽  
Amy Weinfurter
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Urban Sustainability Indicators

The adoption of the sustainable development goals marks a transition in the global sustainability discourse to a growing focus on equity, with urban areas’ role in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth more explicit in sustainable development goal-11. Within this discourse, urban sustainability indicators could be used to monitor environmental quality and equity within individual cities, while promising to deepen our understanding of how urban areas contribute to global environmental sustainability. We examine 484 indicators of urban and regional environmental sustainability sourced from 40 indexes and online data repositories to determine their suitability for measuring both urban environmental performance and equity. Despite the large number of existing indicators related to urban environmental monitoring, we find that they are inadequate as tools for evaluating progress towards sustainable development goal-11’s integrated goal of sustainable and inclusive (i.e. equitable) urban areas, due to a lack of benchmarks, targets, and explicit measurement of equity considerations. Future research should emphasize data collection that can be disaggregated geographically to make it possible to measure distributional equity and establish locally appropriate benchmarks and realistic targets for urban sustainability indicators. Lastly, we argue that utilizing large-scale, high-resolution datasets has the potential to help overcome these data collection challenges.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Driving Factors Causing Urban Expansion in the Peri-Urban Areas Using Logistic Regression: A Case Study of the Greater Cairo Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salem ◽  
Naoki Tsurusaki ◽  
Prasanna Divigalpitiya
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Probability Map ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Cell Window ◽  
Greater Cairo Region

The peri-urban area (PUA) of the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) in Egypt has witnessed a rapid urban expansion during the last few years. This urban expansion has led to the loss of wide, areas of agriculture lands and the annexation of many peripheral villages into the boundary of the GCR. This study analyzed the driving factors causing the urban expansion in the GCR during the period 2007–2017 using the logistic regression model (LRM). Eight independent variables were applied in this model: distance to the nearest urban center, distance to the nearest center of regional services, distance to water streams, distance to the main agglomeration, distance to industrial areas, distance to nearest road, number of urban cells within a 3 × 3 cell window and population density. The analysis was conducted using LOGISTICREG module in Terrset software. This research showed that the population density and distance to the nearest road have the highest regression coefficients, 0.540 and 0.114, respectively, and were the most significant driving factors of urban expansion during the last 10 years (2007–2017). Moreover, based on the results of the LRM, a probability map of urban expansion in the PUA was created, which shows that most urban expansion would be around the existing urban areas and near roads. The relative operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.93 indicates that the probability map of urban expansion is valid.

scholarly journals Geodiversity, Geoconservation, and Geotourism in Central America

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Adolfo Quesada-Román ◽  
Lidia Torres-Bernhard ◽  
Maynor A. Ruiz-Álvarez ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez-Maradiaga ◽  
Gema Velázquez-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Central America ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Lifestyles ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Different Origin

Central America is located in a dynamic region where tectonics and volcanism together with the tropical climate and its diverse vegetation have shaped the landscapes. Our main objective is to review the status of the geodiversity, geoconservation, and geotourism in Central America. We will identify the region’s geomorphic environments and geodiversity using classic regional geomorphology mapping techniques. Likewise, using touristic maps and webpages, we identify the most prominent geosites of different origin in Central America. Moreover, we will explore the national environmental policies, natural conservation systems, and tourism initiatives to promote their national geoheritage through geotourism. We found that volcanic, coastal, karstic, glacial, and fluvial geomorphic environments are the most common in the region. In addition, we identified 393 geosites of volcanic, coastal, karstic, glacial, fluvial, and archeological origin in Central America. The promotion of geoheritage, geodiversity, geoconservation, and thus the development of geoparks are excellent opportunities to promote sustainable development, sustainable lifestyles, appreciation of natural and cultural diversity, and the promotion of peace. These results may prove important to spread information about geoscience widely to decision makers on geotourism and conservation in each country and the stakeholders of the region. Geoheritage studies in tropical and developing countries such as those in Central America should be improved, and priority should be given to the geomorphological dynamics and strong anthropic pressures on their geo- and biodiversity to increase their income through geotourism, especially among the less favored communities and avoid affecting their already threatened natural resources.

scholarly journals Application of a Sustainability Model for Assessing the Relocation of a Container Terminal: A Case Study of Kristiansand Port

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Dushenko ◽  
Clemet Thærie Bjorbæk ◽  
Kenn Steger-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Model Framework

Sustainable development, a new interdisciplinary paradigm, is attracting increasing attention from the global research community. It is an enhancement of sustainability principles. This study documents the findings from applying a sustainability assessment model framework by Koo and Ariaratnam (2008) for decision support in connection with the projection of major infrastructure investment in a port. The objective of this study is to support the decision-making process in a port development project and to verify the applicability of sustainability assessment using a sustainability assessment model for a terminal development project in an urban area of Scandinavia. The sustainability assessment model is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A literature review of sustainability assessment models was conducted to find indicators for the AHP approach. Subsequently, a questionnaire was compiled and six decision-makers for projects in Scandinavian Ports in urban areas were selected for the case study. The hypothesis is that decision-makers of major infrastructure investment projects in publicly owned ports must adhere to sustainable development principles and support the United Nations sustainable development goals that are a call for action by all countries. When documenting a sustainable design of port projects, decision-makers use theoretical sustainability models to conceptualize features of a sustainable society. However, a major challenge for the decision-makers was that the sustainability assessment results did not show, as expected, the same results as those of three existing theoretical sustainability models. The results of the sustainability assessment model were scrutinised and benchmarked against existing theoretical sustainability models, namely: a sustainability stool, a 3-overlappingcircles model, and a 3-nesteddependencies model. The benchmark results indicate a disparity between the importance of what sustainability models describe and what is important in practice.

scholarly journals Income Inequality, Socio-Economic Status, and Residential Segregation in Greater Cairo: 1986–2006

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Abdelbaseer A. Mohamed ◽  
David Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Greater Cairo Region

AbstractGreater Cairo is a primate, monocentric metropolis with significant socio-economic disparities among its population and neighborhoods. This chapter examines the relationship between income inequality, the welfare regime, centralized governance, settlement type, housing policies, occupational status, and socio-economic segregation. Using data from the 1986, 1996, and 2006 censuses, we report the dissimilarity index to demonstrate the distribution of residents in the Greater Cairo Region by occupational status, we show patterns of socio-economic segregation based on the distribution of the population by categories of occupations across census tracts and employ the location quotient to compare the concentration of the top/bottom groups in each census tract relative to the city average. The results show that growing economic inequality does not necessarily result in greater socio-economic segregation. The results also suggest that social class contributes to residential clustering. While the poorer strata of the Greater Cairo Region were pushed to the periphery and the older urban core, affluent inhabitants were more likely to settle voluntarily in segregated enclaves to isolate themselves from the general population.

scholarly journals Assessing Progress Towards Sustainable Development in the Urban Periphery: A Case of Greater Cairo, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 971-982
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salem ◽  
Naoki Tsurusaki ◽  
Prasanna Divigalpitiya ◽  
Taher Osman ◽  
Omar Hamdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Education Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Development Gap

During the last few decades, sustainable development (SD) has increasingly received attention globally. Therefore, international organizations and researchers sought to assess progress towards SD at different territorial levels. However, most of the studies were conducted at the city level and a very small number of studies has conducted at the urban periphery territory. This study aims to fill the current research gap through assessing the progress towards SD in the urban periphery of Greater Cairo (GC) in Egypt between 1996-2017. Eight composite indicators have been employed to assess the progress towards SD in this territory. These composite indicators were constructed based on the 14 individual indicators associated with sustainable development goals. The results showed meaningful progress achieved in the peripheral municipalities of GC, particularly in infrastructure and education indicators, while the economic and environmental indicators have deteriorated, particularly after the civic revolution of 2011. In addition, the study found a development gap between the urban periphery and the main urban agglomeration in GC, particularly in the infrastructure aspect. These results highlight the deficiencies that exist in the urban periphery of GC which help decision-makers to prepare appropriate policies to improve SD in such territory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document