Current problems of healthy working conditions and prevention of health disorders of agricultural mechanizers during the operation of self-propelled grain harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Tamara Anatolievna Novikova ◽  
Vladimir Fedorovich Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
The Impact

The prevention of work-related health disorders is a priority in hygiene and preventive medicine. However, little attention has yet been paid to occupational health issues for agricultural workers. The purpose of this research was to assess the current state and develop measures to improve working conditions during the operation of self-propelled combine harvesters, the most widely represented in the existing machine and tractor fleet of agriculture in Russia. Measurements and hygienic assessment of the parameters of the factors of the production environment and the labor process in real production conditions have been carried out. The research results showed that the working conditions on self-propelled combine harvesters are characterized by a complex effect on workers of unfavorable factors (dustiness of the air in the working area, microclimatic discomfort, noise, general and local vibration, physical and sensory-emotional overload), the levels of which to varying degrees exceed hygienic standards. (classes 3.1–3.4). It has been established that the main reason for the formation of harmful working conditions is the operation of morally and physically worn out equipment. It is shown that the impact of an unfavorable production environment can serve as a risk factor for the emergence and development of general and occupational pathology among agricultural machine operators. A set of measures has been developed to ensure safe working conditions and reduce the risk of health disorders for machine operators, including normalizing the microclimate, reducing noise, vibration, dustiness in the air in the working area, optimizing the working posture, and introducing rational modes of work and rest. However, the basic measure that minimizes the adverse impact of professionally determined production factors on the health of agricultural machine operators is the complete replacement of the outdated machine and tractor fleet with agricultural machinery of new generations and compliance with the terms of its operation.

Te inf uence of ergonomic factors on the formation of occupational risk of health disorders of agricultural machine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Novikova ◽  
Aleksey N. Danilov ◽  
Vladimir F. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. T e leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity of agricultural machine operators is occupied by vertebroneurological diseases, the development of which can be associated with the impact of ergonomic factors of labor activity. T e aim of the study is to assess the ergonomic factors of working conditions on mobile agricultural machinery and to identify their impact on the formation of health disorders of agricultural machine operators. Materials and methods. Complex physiological and ergonomic researches at operation of tractors and combine harvesters of old samples of domestic production including an assessment of the organization of workplaces on compliance to requirements of ergonomics and anthropometric data of workers, temporary, statodynamic, biomechanical characteristics of working poses and movements, a functional condition of machine operators (130 people aged 20–45 years with professional experience of work not less than three years) in dynamics of a work shift are carried out. Anthropometric studies were conducted among male machine operators (663 people) aged 18–59 years and with experience in the profession for more than three years. Results. The discrepancy between the size and space-layout parameters of workplaces ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, causing the formation of uncomfortable working positions, increasing physical activity and the severity of the labor process. A high degree of correlation between changes in the parameters of the neuromuscular system and the severity of the discrepancy between the ergonomic parameters of anthropometric characteristics of machine operators (r=0,7). T e results of the research allowed to determine the priority measures for the prevention of vertebroneurological diseases in agricultural machine operators. Conclusions. T e organization of workplaces on domestic tractors and combine harvesters of old samples does not meet the ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, which is the reason for the formation of an uncomfortable working posture, increased statodynamic physical activity, early development of fatigue and fatigue in the process, which can cause the development of pathological conditions of the spine and ligamentous apparatus. Ergonomic improvement of workplaces is one of the priority measures to preserve the health of agricultural machine operators.

THE FEATURES OF FORMATION SOMATIC PATHOLOGIES AT INFLUENCE OF LOCAL VIBRATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF METALLURGICAL MANUFACTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Bazarova ◽  
◽  
I.S. Osherov ◽  
N.A. Roslaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age Features ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Relevance. Local vibration is a significant factor in the production environment of metallurgical production, which affects health and efficiency. The aim of the study is to identify the exposure, gender and age features of the formation of general somatic morbidity associated with the impact of local vibration in the production of titanium alloys. Scope and methods. The prevalence of general somatic pathology was compared in 2596 workers who have contact with local vibration, with varying degrees of harmfulness of working conditions, and non-exposed persons according to the results of periodic medical examination using the methodology of occupational risk analysis of the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. academician N. F. Izmerov. Results. At comparison of prevalence of a somatic pathology at workers in contact to local vibration to not exhibited persons according to medical inspection, and at different degree of harm of working conditions, are revealed the raised risks of formation of diseases nervous, kostno-muscular, endocrine systems, respiratory organs, digestion, an ear, a skin, an arterial hypertensia, the mental frustration, the raised weight of a body, gynecologic diseases with a tendency of growth of the majority of them at the big levels of vibration, more often at small, less often - average degree of communication with working conditions. The frequency of pathology in exposed workers was higher in all age groups. Average degree of communication with working conditions of a gynecologic pathology at the age of 18-25 years was marked. At men frequency of a pathology of respiratory organs, digestion is revealed authentically big, than at women; an ear; skin at the big relative risks 1,2-1,3, of the raised arterial pressure and hyperglycemia. Conclusion. A higher frequency of visceral pathology of a number of body systems under the influence of local vibration of high levels may justify the need to develop differentiated preventive programs to minimize its negative impact, taking into account the identified features in sex and age groups.

Actual issues of hygienic regulation and creation of safe working conditions at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-644
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Vasilkevich ◽  
Ruslan V. Bogdanov ◽  
Elena V. Drozdova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Safe Working

Introduction. The working conditions of pharmaceutical industry workers are characterized by the combined effect of unfavorable factors of the production environment, among which the leading one is chemical. The aim of study is to substantiate the basic principles and criteria for hygienic regulation of pharmaceutical products in their production to ensure safe working conditions for employees based on the results of their own research and existing requirements of technical regulations. Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions and the prevalence of health disorders in pharmaceutical workers (according to literature data), toxicological studies of pharmaceutical substances on laboratory animals, scientific justification of hygiene standards in the air of the working area. Results. Among employees of the pharmaceutical industry, the predominant forms of production-related health disorders are diseases of the respiratory system, as well as skin dermatitis of allergic origin, liver and biliary tract diseases. Based on the results of experimental studies of domestic pharmaceutical products for the treatment of cardiovascular, oncological and mental diseases that have priority socio-economic significance, the basic principles and features of the practice of justifying the hygienic standards of medicines in the air of the working area are developed and systematized. Conclusions. During hygienic rationing of medicines, it is necessary to use a differentiated approach that allows, based on the analysis of information about the chemical structure, physical and chemical characteristics, production conditions, pharmacotherapeutic activity, and the results of studying the toxic effect in an experiment on laboratory animals, to determine the maximum permissible content in the air of the working area of medicines or to justify the prohibition of isolation with reasoned recommendations for their safe production.

scholarly journals Prevalence of comorbid pathology in patients with vibration disease caused by exposure to local vibration

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085
Author(s):  
Marina V. Kuleshova ◽  
Vladimir A. Pankov ◽  
Natalya V. Slivnitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

Introduction. Vibration as a factor of production is one of the leading that influences negatively on workers in various sectors of the economy. In available literature there no adequate information on the comorbid pathology in hand-arm vibration disease (HAVD) patients. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of somatic pathology in HAVD patients. Material and methods. The analysis of comorbidity of HAVD patients according in-depth medical data is carried out. The degree of relationship between work-related health disorders is assessed. The results are presented by average values, intensive and extensive indices, the relationship of work-related health disorders is confirmed by the calculation of the relative risk. Results. The main syndrome in the clinical picture of HAVD is autonomous-sensory polyneuropathy of the upper extremities, which is recorded in all patients, while some patients have a combination of two or more clinical syndromes of HAVD. A significant prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems, eyes and its adnexa, ear and mastoid process, digestive, genitourinary system, and respiratory systems was revealed. Number of patients who have diseases of endocrine (up to 25.0%, p <0.01), digestive (up to 43.8%, p <0.01), urogenital (up to 37.5%, p <0.01), respiratory (up to 37.5%, p <0.05) and the circulatory (up to 52.9%, p <0.05) systems grows up with an increase of the experience dose of local vibration. Conclusion. The results of the study can serve as the basis for the implementation of measures for primary and secondary prevention of occupational diseases caused by local vibration, aimed at preventing the development of health disorders.

scholarly journals A study of working conditions in foundries when performing welding operations. Foundry production and metallurgy

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lazarenkov
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Casting Defects ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Hand Tool

The results of studies of the factors of the production environment in the workplace in the performance of welding works to eliminate casting defects of castings and measures to protect workers from their impact are researched. It is established that in the workplace of welders there are increased levels of noise in various welding methods, as well as when stripping welds with a hand tool; increased levels of local vibration when working with hand grinders; exceeding the permissible values of the intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation. The results of the study of ultraviolet radiation in various welding operations.

Results of special assessment of working conditions for workers in various sectors of economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Elena Abrakhmanova ◽  
Lyaylya Masyagutova ◽  
Aynur Gabbasov ◽  
Akhat Bakirov ◽  
Galina Gimranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The work presents data analysis of the results of special assessment of working conditions for workers of various branches of economy in the Bashkortostan Republic. Results of special assessment of working conditions (SAWC) and medical examinations were used for the analysis. It is noted, that some professional groups, for example, persons performing their work in the sphere of agriculture, have no exposure to the biological factor. Construction workers were not exposed to industrial vibration, while the noise level for half of the analyzed cases was of class 2.0, although in most cases, industrial noise and vibration have single source. Proportion of facilities that revealed a discrepancy between levels of harmful industrial factors and requirements of sanitary legislation remains high. The greatest share of objects does not correspond to sanitary and epidemiological requirements according to the chemical and physical factor. At the moment, SAWC does not fully reflect the working conditions of employees in different sectors of production. Underestimation of its influence on working conditions of workers is typical for a considerable number of professional groups and individual jobs. Analysis on the basis of SAWC is not sufficient for a hygienic assessment of the impact of production environment factors and labour process on health and requires comprehensive assessment methods.

Dermatoscopy is effective method for diagnostics of skin neoplasms in workers with industrial carcinogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Izmerova ◽  
Ilona Ya. Chistova ◽  
Natalia A. Bogacheva ◽  
Yana A. Petinati ◽  
Anastasia V. Derevnina
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. One of the urgent problems of medicine around the world is the growth of malignant diseases. The impact of the production environment in developing professional and production-related skin malignancies is a sensitive area of occupational health. The high prevalence of precancerosis and the increase in the incidence of skin cancer in people of working age indicates the need to improve diagnostic and preventive measures. One of the most effective recognized non-invasive differential diagnoses of skin tumors with high diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity is dermatoscopy. The study aims to substantiate the importance of dermatoscopic diagnosis of skin neoplasms in workers with industrial carcinogens. The researchers analyzed the available literature and statistical data on the impact of industrial carcinogens on benign and malignant skin lesions in workers in various industries. Specialists from Clinic of the "Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health" examined 1,136 people during periodic medical examinations. The features of the signs of neoplasms evaluate according to the principle of their presence or absence. There were two groups: group 1 (n=648) consisted of persons who have contact with industrial carcinogens according to the special assessment of working conditions (SAWC), group 2 (n=488) - persons who do not have contact with carcinogens in the workplace. We found that the frequency of benign skin neoplasms increases depending on the length of work in contact with a production carcinogen. Researchers developed the criteria of clinical and anamnestic signs (the main of which are the working conditions). Dermatoscopic criteria for the initial signs of malignancy of skin neoplasms allow us to form a group of dynamic observations of skin neoplasms in patients working with carcinogens during periodic medical examinations. We formed a group of 38 people (29 from the first and 9 from the second group) for monitoring the dynamics of changes in neoplasms with an appearance to a dermatovenerologist after three months. Specialists sent seven people for additional examination by an oncologist to clarify the degree of existing signs of dysplasia. The formation of a dynamic observation group with the risk of malignancy of skin neoplasms will optimize early diagnosis and ensure high efficiency of treatment in outpatient settings.

Health and hygiene aspects affecting the development of the agricultural production environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Galina Aleksandrovna Bezrukova ◽  
Tamara Anatolievna Novikova ◽  
Anatoliy Nikolaevich Mikerov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
The Impact

The results of a comprehensive multi-factor analysis of updated information about the demographic situation in rural settlements of the Russian Federation and working conditions in the agricultural sector of the economy are presented. It is shown that in the period from 2010 to 2018, stable population growth was registered only in 20.8 % of rural municipalities, while 79.2 % of settlements were characterized by a decrease in rural residents. Along with depopulation, critical for the sustainable development of rural areas is a prevailing explicit deformation of the age structure of the population and associated growth of demographic burden on the able-bodied rural population due to low birth rate and high death rate of men of working age, as well as the continuing migration outflow of the economically active population in the regional and Federal centers of Russia. The main place of employment in rural areas remains the production of agricultural products. Despite the differences characteristic of technological processes in certain types of agricultural activities, the specifics of labor in the agricultural sector have common aspects related to the impact of harmful factors of the production environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process. The number of people working in the agricultural sector in harmful and dangerous working conditions in the period from 2011 to 2017 decreased by 19.2 %, while the share of this category of people in the total structure of those employed in agricultural production decreased by 4.4 % to 29.4 % in 2017. According to the results of inspections of territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor in the period from 2011 to 2017, the share of jobs that do not meet sanitary and hygienic standards at agricultural enterprises decreased from 35.7 to 30.4 %, which indicates a trend of improvement in the sanitary and hygienic situation.

CLINICAL AND PROGRESSION SPECIFICITIES OF MAIN CLINICAL SYNDROMES OF OCCUPATIONAL VERTEBRAL LUMBARSACRAL PATHOLOGY IN TRACTOR OPERATORS

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
D.M. Vagapova ◽  
A.B. Bakirov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

This paper focuses on the impact of working conditions of tractor operators on the development of occupational vertebral lumbar-sacral pathology. Clinical and progression specificities of occupational vertebral lumbar-sacral pathology in agricultural tractor operators are presented in there paper. The development of the pathology is related to hazardous occupational factors including general and local vibration, dynamic and static physical loads, incorrect body posture at work, cooling microclimate.

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