Forms of drug allergy and various variants of its manifestation

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Sergey Petrovich Armakov
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Pathological Reaction ◽  
Total Damage

Lately, the problem of drug allergy is becoming more and more urgent, which is a consequence of the wide availability of drugs and the widespread use of counterfeit drugs. According to some authors, the incidence of drug allergy reaches 60%. This pathological reaction is the result of the patient's individual intolerance to one or another medication, and is not inherently its side effect. In some cases, the ingestion of a minimum dose of a drug into the body is sufficient for a severe reaction to develop. Theoretically, any drug can cause an allergy, but there is a group of certain medications, to the ingestion of which an allergic reaction develops most often - these include antibiotics of the penicillin series, sulfonamides, analgesics, some antihypertensive drugs, B vitamins. An allergic reaction can develop with lightning speed, or it can manifest itself within a day. The most common forms of drug allergy include urticaria, Quincke's edema, and itchy rash (toxidermia). The most formidable manifestations of drug allergy are anaphylactic shock and Lyell's syndrome, which manifests itself in the form of total damage to the skin and mucous membranes.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis in the practice of a family doctor

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Esed Esedov ◽  
Fariza Akhmedova ◽  
Dina Akbiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Rational Treatment ◽  
Systemic Allergic Reaction ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe delayed-type systemic allergic reaction, in which there is a combined lesion of the skin and mucous membranes. 2 cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis from the practice of a family doctor are described in the article. Timely diagnosis and rational treatment of the disease in the first case led to a favorable outcome, in the second case, the outcome of the disease was unfavorable.

EVALUATION OF TOXIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MONTHMORRILLONITE CLAY FOR THE PURPOSE OF USING THEM AS ALUMOSILICATE SOBENT AGAINST THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF MYCOTOXINS ON THE BODY OF ANIMALS AND BIRDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Eyelid Edema ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Negative Effect

The article presents the results of laboratory studies to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in the West Kazakhstan region in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in the composition of feeds that reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on the body of animals and birds. The relevance of research is associated with the cultivation of healthy and highly productive animals and poultry in order to ensure the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The studies carried out to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in experimental animals (rabbits and white rats) allowed the following results to be obtained: Visual study of the intensity of erythema when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed their absence (0 points). The study of the intensity of edema (an increase in the thickness of the skin clutch of rabbits) when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed no reaction (0 points). Studies evaluating the irritating effect of the test substances on the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits by symptoms of damage showed the absence of hyperemia (0 points). Weak eyelid edema (1 point), the minimum amount of discharge in the corner of the eye (1 point). The results of studies on the classification assessment of the test substance for the severity of the irritant effect on the eyes of rabbits showed that the average total score of the severity of the irritative effect corresponds to 1 point. A comprehensive analysis of the results obtained on the basis of scientific and experimental studies to assess the toxicological indicators of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in relation to irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes of experimental animals (rabbits) showed their harmlessness.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INDOMETHACIN AS A RISK FACTOR FOR WORKERS’ HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
N. A. Martynova ◽  
Larisa G. Gorokhova ◽  
V. A. Shtaiger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Ulcerogenic Effect

Introduction. The toxicity of indomethacin was studied for its hygienic regulation. Material and methods. The toxic properties of indomethacin in the experiments on out-bred and linear mice, rats, Guinea pigs and rabbits contained in standard vivarium conditions and quarantined have been studied. In the experiments, various modes (single, repeated, chronic) and ways of exposure (intragastric, inhalation, epicutaneous) were modeled. The average lethal dose (LD50) of Indomethacin and the threshold of a single acute action (Limac) were determined; irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, cumulative and allergenic activity were revealed. In subacute and chronic intake to the body, the main target organs were determined on the based of the results of biochemical and hematological studies. Results. DL50 for male rats, females and male mice, when introduced into the stomach, were have been established to be 20, 15 and 25.6 mg/kg respectively. It refers to the substances of hazard class 2. DL50 in the intraperitoneal introduction for the rats accounted for 13.8 mg/kg, for Guinea pigs - 500 mg/kg. The clinical picture of acute poisoning in mice and rats was characterized by low mobility, decreasing breathing, ataxia, muscle relaxation, anorexia, diarrhea, ulceration with the perforation of the intestines, and the death on the 2-4th days after the poisoning. In the experiments on Guinea pigs, the ulcerogenic effect was not detected. Local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes was not revealed. It has a marked skin-resorptive action causing ulcerogenic effect and the death of the animals after 6 applications. The introduction of verospiron to the rats in a dose of 25 mg/kg simultaneously with the application of indomethacin ointment on the skin prevented the ulcer development in the gastrointestinal tract and the death of the animals. No sensitizing effect was detected. It has an average cumulative ability: the cumulation coefficient amounted to 2.6. In a subacute experiment, there was a decrease in the body temperature and summation-threshold index, an increase in the vertical motor activity and a threshold of pain sensitivity. During the study of blood serum an increase in AcAt activity, a rise of chlorides in the blood serum and their decrease in the urine, and an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in peripheral blood were revealed. In the pathomorphological study, there was an increase in the coefficients of liver mass and ulceration of the stomach and intestines. The threshold of acute inhalation action accounted for 0.52 mg/m3 (by the reduction of the summation-threshold index and the content of sodium and chlorides in the urine). Conclusion. The maximum permissible concentration of indomethacin in the air of the working area was of 0.05 mg/m3 with the mark “special protection of the skin and eyes”, hazard class 1, aerosol.

About bismuth pigmentation of mucous membranes

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-942
Author(s):  
A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bladder Mucosa ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Abstracts. Venereology and Dermatology. Lohe and Rosenfeld (Derm. Z. Bd. 57, H. 4.29), studying the issue of bismuth pigmentation of the mucous membranes of the body with Bi therapy, describes two cases of Bi pigmentation of the urinary bladder mucosa. B1 pigmentation according to A. a., can exist with an inflamed state of the mucous membrane (qi stopelitis) and with normal; a. a. found at Bi pygm. mucous urine. belly. bacteria, however, the possibility of the existence of Bi n is not excluded. and without them; as a further symptom of capillary damage in general Bi pigmentation a. a. found in the sediment from the kidneys hemosiderin.

Diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Nataliya Nikolaevna Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herpetic Infection ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpetic infection is a disease caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; it belongs to the category of TORCH infections along with toxoplasmosis, rubella and cytomegalovirus. Herpetic infection is widespread, and recently there has been an increase in the number of cases of herpetic lesions detected, which is most likely due to the expansion of the range of diagnostic tests. Herpes simplex virus type 1 most often affects the skin and mucous membranes, type 2 leads to damage to the urogenital tract. The source of infection can be either a sick person or an asymptomatic carrier. This disease can be transmitted by household contact, during sexual intercourse; the «vertical» route of transmission from mother to child is also known. Depending on the extent of the lesion, localized, widespread and generalized forms are distinguished; the course of herpes infection can be acute, subacute and chronic; latent course of the disease is often found. In addition to the skin and mucous membranes, the central nervous system and (less often) internal organs can be affected. A typical clinical manifestation of herpes simplex is small blistering eruptions that appear on the face, mucous membrane of the lips, wings of the nose, ears, limbs, gluteal folds. The eruptions are usually preceded by itching and hyperemia at the site of the lesion. Diagnosis of herpes infection is carried out on the basis of clinical data and laboratory tests of blood or vesicle contents. Treatment of the disease involves the prescription of antiviral drugs, symptomatic agents, and immunocorrective therapy. Complete removal of the virus from the body is usually impossible, but strengthening the defenses and normalizing the lifestyle contribute to a significant decrease in the frequency of possible relapses.

Radionuclide Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Positron Emission Tomography with 68Ga-PSMA Inhibitors and Their Pharmaceutical Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Ларенков ◽  
A. Larenkov ◽  
Г. Кодина ◽  
G. Kodina
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Specific Membrane

This review is devoted to the synthesis of the main and most relevant data on the development and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) based on PSMA-inhibitors labeled with 68Ga for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). The generator method of 68Ga production, which ensures the wide availability of this radionuclide for medical organizations, is the reason for the permanent interest to the RPs based on 68Ga. The development of RPs based on inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen became the second wave of global excitement about 68Ga-RPs, after labeled derivates of the ocreotide for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. PC is one of the most urgent problems of modern oncology. The place of prostate cancer in the structure of the oncological morbidity of the male population, as well as the significance of radionuclide diagnostics in the clinical staging of the disease and the strategy of therapy are considered. Data on the structure and properties of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), its role in the body and expression in the foci of pathological processes are presented. Known PSMA inhibitors and the dependence of their properties on structure are considered. The main part of the review is devoted to the key results of the pharmaceutical development of RPs based on PSMA-inhibitors labeled with 68Ga. The effect of the fragments (ligand, linker and chelator) on the final radiopharmaceutical molecule on the pharmacokinetics is considered. The review also includes data on the clinical efficacy of PET with 68Ga-PSMA in the diagnosis of PC. Data on the availability of 68Ga-RPs in Russia today, as well as references to regulatory documents that allow the use of such RPs, are presented. In conclusion, a brief summary of the literature data and conclusions on the most promising radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer and further perspectives are presented.

scholarly journals A case of complete inversion of the uterus after childbirth

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 823-825
Author(s):  
N. K. Neyolov
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Elastic Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Weak Pulse ◽  
Complete Inversion

On December 19, 1894, sick Eleanor M ko, diagnosed with polypus uteri, was sent to me by a comrade of the land. Arriving to the patient at the hotel, I found her in a very bad state: deathly pale, with a very weak pulse, with t to 40.0 ; dirty blood with a strongly putrid odor was discharged from the vagina. The patient was immediately sent to the hospital, where a thorough examination gave the following: the patient is of medium height, the skeletal system is developed correctly, muscles and skin are flabby; the outer covers are very pale; the visible mucous membranes are very pale with a cyanotic tinge; heart, lungs, and urine are normal. External genitals, heavily soiled with a dirty red fluid, are normal; first degree perineal rupture; the genital gap gapes a little; 2 snt. from the entrance to the vagina, the finger comes across a round, rather soft and elastic body, reminiscent, at first impression, of a fibrous polyp; this body, the size of a slightly enlarged uterus, has only a round outline below; above it tapers and passes into a small groove, limited by the external os of the uterus. In place of the body of the uterus, a small solid formation is felt, the size of a slightly enlarged ovary; this formation closes a funnel, which in this case cannot be felt; nothing pathological is felt in the vaults. When viewed in mirrors, the described body appears to be a dirty gray color, in places even completely black; at the slightest touch, the body bleeds quite a lot. The patient's body temperature is 39.6 C., pulse 120, very weak and easily compressed; the patient cannot move without assistance.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ARSENIC POISONING AND ITS POST-MORTEM FINDINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Kirti Sharma ◽  
S. R. Inchulkar ◽  
Yuvraj Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Arsenic Poisoning ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Rain Drop ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

Arsenic is a grey substance, which is insoluble in water and therefore cannot be absorbed from the alimentary canal. Arsenic is absorbed through all routes mainly by skin, inhalation and GIT mucosa. Arsenic causes toxicity by combining with sulphydryl enzymes and thus interfering with cell metabolism. Locally it causes irritation of the mucous membranes and remotely depression of the nervous system. Arsenic poisoning can be homicidal, suicidal, accidental, occupational, environmental, iatrogenic or un-iatrogenic. The character of post-mortem appearances depends very largely upon the quantity taken and period which has elapsed before death. Externally the body presents dehydrated, cyanosed, sunken eyeballs jaundiced in post-mortem findings. Rigor mortis lasts longer than usual. Internally red velvet stomach, petechial hemorrhages under the endocardium of the left ventricle, patchy fatty degenerative changes with jaundice in liver, rain drop skin pigmentation and mee’s line in nails findings seen in post-mortem.

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