Mineral and raw resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
N. V. Sannikova ◽  
O. V. Kovaleva ◽  
О. V. Shulepova ◽  
A. A. Bocharova ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of mineral resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility in the Tyumen region. According to statistics for 2020 in Russia 45156,3 tons of waste was generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming. On the territory of the Tyumen region 1200 tons of poultry droppings are formed per day. The volume of accumulation is 432,000 tons per year. At the same time, poultry droppings is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO₂ – 21,5 million m³, methane – 12,9 million m³ per year. Diatomite is a sedimentary rock consisting of fossilized shells of diatoms, and is a fine powder of gray color. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, top dressing for animals and poultry, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. In order to restore the lost soil fertility in the region (0,6 %, or 2032,2 hectares per year), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers (11,7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The presence of a large amount of mineral resources and poultry droppings in the Tyumen region makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies for creating organomineral fertilizers. The implementation of the project based on the technology of using modified diatomite and various types of poultry waste will reduce the amount of waste, reduce the hazard class of bird droppings, the environmental burden of poultry farming on the environment, as well as increase the biological safety and productivity of arable land.

scholarly journals Natural reserves of diatomite are as a component of organomineral fertilizers based on chicken manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032093
Author(s):  
N Sannikova ◽  
O Shulepova ◽  
A Bocharova ◽  
N Kostomakhin ◽  
O Ilyasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Natural Reserves

Abstract In Russia 45156.3 tons of waste were generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming according to statistics for 2020. 1200 tons of manure are formed per day in Tyumen region. The volume of accumulation of such manure is 432,000 tons per year. But at the same time, manure is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO2 – 21.5 million м3, methane – 12.9 million м3 per year. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture. It can be used as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, food additive for animals and birds, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. To restore the lost fertility (0.6% per year (2032.2 hectares), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil (11.7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The availability of a large amount of mineral resources and bird manure makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies to create organomineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Influence of the type of watershed on melt water runoff and soil losses on chernozem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Poluektov ◽  
◽  
G. T. Balakay ◽  
Ya. I. Kulaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Purpose: to establish the influence of the watershed form on the intensity of snowmelt water runoff and the bulk of eroded soil on the chernozems of Rostov region. Tasks: to analyze long-term (1970–2020) studies of surface runoff bulks, including various types (forms) of watersheds, from compacted and loose arable land; to establish patterns and to obtain the dependence of the bulk of washed soil on the runoff coefficient and the watershed form. Research methods are generally accepted; runoff sites were used on the slopes of Bolshoi Log in Aksai district Rostov region. The indicators of the erosion intensity which make it possible to judge the quantitative loss of soil volumes and bulk depending on the type of watershed, the volume of precipitation, the melt water runoff and other factors were studied. Results. It was found that the amount of soil washed off during melt water runoff varies within wide range, but in most cases does not exceed 3–10 t/ha. The erosion intensity most often coincides with the largest runoff layer, since in these cases it passes over the soil thawed from the surface. Soil washout is decreasing; in the period from 1970 to 1991, the average annual bulk of soil washed away from the fall plowed land was an average of 7.5 t/ha, and from winter wheat crops, 10.2 t/ha. In the next 20 years (1991–2009), soil losses from fall plows amounted to 4.6 t/ha, from winter crops – 6.8 t/ha, and in the last 10 years, respectively, 5.0 and 3.1 t/ha. Soil loss on the slope of the southern exposure was 0.65 from the northern one. In the rills of the northwestern exposure, the melt water runoff was 10–20 % higher than on the slopes between the rills; soil washout along the thalweg of rills reaches 40 % or more of the total bulk of washed out soil. Conclusions. These data, in combination with the conditions for the occurrence of the phenomena under consideration, are used for a scientifically grounded choice of a system of soil protection measures for an adaptive landscape farming system and their forecasting over time.

scholarly journals Urgent agricultural issues of soil protection

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Petra Stankovics
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

The primary aim of this study is to draw attention to the importance of legal problems of soil protection. The basis for my study is the ombudsman’s 2016 principle of soil protection. This resolution summarizes the most pressing soil protection measures in 15 points that need to be taken as soon as possible to preserve soil resources. To narrow the wide range of topics, I will examine three points: (1) preservation of soil resources, (2) soil sealing, (3) brownfield instead of greenfield. Hungary is in a special position concerning this most ancient natural resource, as only 11% of all the land covered area of Earth consists of soil, the EU average is less than 30%, while in Hungary it is more than 60%. Despite the existing protective legal requirements, soil degradation is a constant issue. The persistence of population growth spells the need for more arable land, but as a result of the stressful impacts caused by people we are running out of useable topsoil. Assessing both the short and long term process of land reclamation, it can be stated that more and more farmland becomes permanently and imperviously covered for other purposes each year, and as the arable land area decreases, the impervious surface area grows despite all respective decisions, regulations and prohibitions.

scholarly journals LAND CAPABILITY EVALUATION FOR THE EFFECTIVE LAND USE AND SOIL PROTECTION MEASURES IN DOBRICH REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Vihra Stoinova ◽  
Diyana Nekova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Land Capability Evaluation ◽  
Capability Evaluation

An assessment of the suitability of the arable land in the Dobrich region for its effective agricultural use has been prepared using an eight rate classification where the land valuation strategy guarantees the conservation of natural resources, with particular attention to erosion as a limiting factor. Maps of the area with Land Capability evaluation classes for effective agricultural and erosion control land use and the actual risk of water erosion have been developed.This allows the use of an integrated approach to the definition of soil protection measures - taking into account both soil constraints (labeled with subclass land) and the need for prevention against erosion processes. A set of different soil protection practices is recommended, each determined according to the specific soil, topographical and climatic features of the studied area, determined by the class and subclass of the land and depending on the degree of erosion risk and the way of land use (defined by Physical Blocks, 2016). The agronomic assessments according to the soil and climate conditions of the main agricultural crops are lnked to the detailed large-scale database created in the GIS format and the most suitable places for their cultivation on the territory of the Dobrich region have been identified. The agronomic fitness of arable land for the cultivation of wheat, maize, peaches and vines is assessed. Maps for the degree of their agronomic fitness were prepared. It is clear that almost all of the entire territory has a very good and good land for cultivation of these crops.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOWN AREAS STRUCTURE FOR THE STEPPE ZONE OF RSO – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Agricultural Crops

The structure of the cultivated areas serves as the basis for the system of crop rotation, the main link in modern farming systems. The structure of sown areas and the system of crop rotations as the fundamental links of the farming system have close direct correlations and feed-backs with all other links of the farming system. On the one hand, they are fundamental, first of all, for organizing the soil protection and nature conservation of the territory, since in each farm the sown areas of agricultural crops on arable land prevail over the area of other agricultural lands. On the other hand, the system of crop rotation, which is developed on the basis of the promising structure of sown areas, is the basis for other links of the farming system. For more efficient use of arable land, increasing the yield of major agricultural crops, meeting the needs of farms with crop production, improving soil fertility, it is necessary to change the structure of sown areas taking into account the specific agro-climatic conditions of the steppe zone. There are two subzones in the considered zone: arid and moderately arid one. We have substantiated and optimized the structure of cultivated areas in order to increase soil fertility, ecological balance and productivity of agricultural landscapes for these two sub-zones of the steppe zone. For the arid sub-zone, in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 51.7%, legumes – 9.8%, fodder – 12.5%, industrial – 21%, vegetables – 5%. For the moderately arid sub-zone in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 42.0%, legumes – 10.3%, corn for grain – 13.7%, fodder – 10.5%, industrial – 17.0%, vegetables – 5%, potatoes – 1.5%.

scholarly journals Green manures in agriculture: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Saini ◽  
R. K. Yadav ◽  
G. C. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
After Effect

Restoration of soil fertility of arable land is a great challenge in the developing and populous countries like India. The country witnessed the benefits Green Revolution Technologies (GRTs) in boosting of grain yield and the after effect of GRTs during past few decades in terms of deterioration of soil fertility and land degradation, loss of soil flora and fauna, genetic erosion, ecological unbalance, yield plateauing and associated insecurity in livelihood of the farmers. Now maintenance of soil fertility and sustainability of agriculture production are of important concerns. Green manuring can play an important role in this regard as it showed versatile impacts like improvement of soil physico-chemical and biological properties and fertility, nutrient supply to succeeding crops, checking erosion and plant protection. The previous research activities on various aspects of green manures were reviewed here in favour of evergreen agriculture for the future.

scholarly journals Biologized crop rotation – the main factor for fertility increases of sod-podzolic soils and arable land productivity in the Upper Volga

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Сабир Эседуллаев ◽  
Sabir Esedullaev ◽  
Иван Мельцаев ◽  
I. Meltsaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Upper Volga

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of biologized crop rotation with six fields by 50 %, saturated with legumes, on soil fertility and crop productivity on typical sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Upper Volga. As a result of field experiments and laboratory studies, new data and knowledge about the effect of crop bipolarization on its productivity and the properties of sod-podzolic soil were obtained. For the first time in the region, it has been studied and established that use of legumes in the crop rotation instead of organic fertilizers partially contributes to the replenishment of the soil with organic matter and nitrogen in the form of organic residues and nodule bacteria, which leads to a decrease in the degradation of soil fertility or even to some improvement. By the end of rotation of the crop rotation when applying (NPK) 90 kg/ha compared with the control version (without NPK), in the biologized crop rotation, the humus content increased by 0.14 %, the acidity of the soil solution slightly decreased by 0.25 units, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 59 %, mobile phosphorus – by 72.8 % and exchange potassium – by 70.4 %. The density of soil compaction as a whole in a layer of 0–20 cm in occupied steam, under spring wheat and oats amounted to 1.22–1.24 g/cm3, in other crops (where treatment was not carried out for 2 years) – 1.35–1.39 g/cm3. Mineralization of flax tissue more actively occurred under clover 1st and 2nd years of use – 35.6–42.7 % and 31.0 and 37.3 % and in the employed (vetch-oat) – 26.5–34.4 %, less intensively under winter wheat – 20.9–27.5 and oats – 20.1–25.2 % and very weakly under spring wheat – 13.0–16.5 % at the control and the level of mineral nutrition, respectively. There were fewer weeds in winter wheat sowings – 84 pcs/m2, since it is more competitive with them, oats – 112 pcs, clover – 131 pcs, in a couple – 124 pcs and spring wheat – 138 pcs/m2. Productivity of crops to a greater extent was determined by the applied fertilizers. In fertilized plots, compared with the control, the productivity of the oatmeal mixture was 36.2 % higher, spring wheat – 24.4 %, clover 1st year of use – by 36.2 %, 2nd year of use – by 45.7 %, winter wheat – by 25.7 % and oats – by 30 %.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF SOIL REPRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Oleksii Alieksieiev
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Organic System

The problem of monitoring the condition of soils in Ukraine is not given due attention. This applies to the scientific field, where due to insufficient funding, full-fledged research is not conducted on the distribution, causes and ways to eliminate degradation. The same applies to the legislature and the executive, where no effective control measures have been developed. In general, the society does not create an atmosphere of maximum assistance for the preservation of soil cover as an indispensable national heritage. The media and educational institutions are indifferent to this problem. That is why these issues need immediate solution, namely, the development of an effective mechanism for reproduction and conservation of soils, taking into account the organic system of agriculture, which in recent years has attracted considerable interest not only scientists but also practitioners. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system of organic farming in terms of ensuring balanced land use. The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic agriculture on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology was based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. The dynamics of land distribution in Ukraine by land for 2010-2017, which is characterized by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which is significantly exceeds the ecologically reasonable limits are shown as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. The most important resource for soil humus reproduction remains organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manures, etc., the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1990-2018 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, and also the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic agriculture is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers, which includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agrophysical properties of soil. No less important is the state support in solving problematic issues, it is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as: legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports. Organic agriculture through balanced land use increases the reliability and sustainability of modern agricultural systems. All the proposed methods and techniques of organic farming improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, namely: - increase nutrient reserves; - improve absorption capacity, moisture capacity and moisture permeability; - enriched with microflora; - improve the biological activity and physical state of the soil. Key words: organic cropping, soil, plowlands, structure of sown areas, reproduction and preservation of soils, organic agriculture.

scholarly journals Development of the forest strip network in the territory of the Volokonovsky district by carrying out an adaptive landscape agriculture system

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012146
Author(s):  
A A Melentyev ◽  
Y Y Zapara ◽  
V I Zheltukhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection

Abstract In the last decade of the twentieth century, there have been significant negative transformations of arable land in the main agricultural regions of Russia. Traditional and zonal farming systems were disrupted, extensive agricultural technologies began to prevail with low doses of mineral fertilizers, a sharp reduction in the number of soil treatments and the use of organic fertilizers and ameliorants, disruption of crop rotation, and burning of stubble. Under these conditions, degradation processes have developed extremely strongly: erosion and plowing, dehumification and acidification, alkalization, and salinization. Many lands turned out to be abandoned, the weediness of crops increased sharply. With a decrease in the real (effective) land fertility and the level of technological culture of agriculture, the profitability of crop production fell sharply. The volume of soil protection and erosion control measures has sharply decreased. Traditional recommendations on soil-protective crop rotations and agrotechnics in the new economic conditions turned out to be practically inaccessible for most farms and cooperative farms, the necessary condition for the survival of which is a quick return on financial investments. The development of agricultural production in the current environmental and economic conditions (the vital need to increase the profitability of production, on the one hand, and a serious aggravation of the agroecological situation and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental and economic risks of production, on the other) requires a transition to adaptive landscape farming systems, which are the next stage of landscape-ecological detailing and economic and economic adaptation of previously developed zonal farming systems.

scholarly journals Reducing the negative impact of soil erosion in the Belgorod region through adaptive landscape farming system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Igor E. Soldat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Landscape System

In the Russian Federation, solving problems of land use, land relations, and land policy leave the basis for social, environmental, economic, and overall political stability of the state. The area of the Belgorod region is 2713.4 thousand hectares, including arable land - 1654.4 thousand hectares (61 %), pastures - 347.6 thousand hectares (12.8 %), hayfield - 68.1 thousand hectares (2.5 %), forests and other lands - 316.5 thousand hectares (22.7 %). The area of eroded soils is 53.6 % of the entire territory of the region. They include: slightly washed out soils - about 35 %, moderate washed out soils - about 13 %, strongly washed out soils - 5.6 %, and flushed - about 1 %. According to Belgorod agrarian scientific center of the RAS area of eroded lands in the Belgorod region has increased in the Western natural-agricultural zone - by 5.1 %, in the Central - by 8.4 % and in the South-East - by 9.1 % over the last 3040 years. Currently, the concept of adaptive landscape farming has been developed, which provides for comprehensive measures to prevent soil degradation and create environmentally sustainable agricultural landscapes. Adaptive landscape soil protection system of agriculture provides for expansion of perennial grasses up to 25 %, introduction of leguminous crops and annual grasses in crop rotations. With a reduction in the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in modern economic conditions, it is impossible to achieve a balance of humus acceptable for sustainable development of the studied agricultural landscape. System of agriculture adapted to local landscapes provides for introduction of the whole complex of soil conservation measures which can stop land degradation caused by soil erosion. Introduction of adaptive landscape system of agriculture in the pilot farm of the Belgorod agricultural research center allowed to minimize erosion processes, stabilize soil fertility, and significantly improve economic indicators and energy efficiency of agriculture in the economy. The area of arable land was slightly reduced, and the area of forest belts and soil protection crop rotations increased. The average yield of grain crops and sugar beets increased greatly, the use of organic and mineral fertilizers increased significantly, their payback improved, and the crop industry became profitable and cost-effective. Only through adaptive landscape agriculture it is possible to stop water erosion, create conditions for stabilizing and increasing soil fertility, ensure the biologization of agriculture and increase its economic efficiency. Ultimately, this will increase production of domestic agricultural products and increase Russias food security.

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