scholarly journals Development of the forest strip network in the territory of the Volokonovsky district by carrying out an adaptive landscape agriculture system

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012146
Author(s):  
A A Melentyev ◽  
Y Y Zapara ◽  
V I Zheltukhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection

Abstract In the last decade of the twentieth century, there have been significant negative transformations of arable land in the main agricultural regions of Russia. Traditional and zonal farming systems were disrupted, extensive agricultural technologies began to prevail with low doses of mineral fertilizers, a sharp reduction in the number of soil treatments and the use of organic fertilizers and ameliorants, disruption of crop rotation, and burning of stubble. Under these conditions, degradation processes have developed extremely strongly: erosion and plowing, dehumification and acidification, alkalization, and salinization. Many lands turned out to be abandoned, the weediness of crops increased sharply. With a decrease in the real (effective) land fertility and the level of technological culture of agriculture, the profitability of crop production fell sharply. The volume of soil protection and erosion control measures has sharply decreased. Traditional recommendations on soil-protective crop rotations and agrotechnics in the new economic conditions turned out to be practically inaccessible for most farms and cooperative farms, the necessary condition for the survival of which is a quick return on financial investments. The development of agricultural production in the current environmental and economic conditions (the vital need to increase the profitability of production, on the one hand, and a serious aggravation of the agroecological situation and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental and economic risks of production, on the other) requires a transition to adaptive landscape farming systems, which are the next stage of landscape-ecological detailing and economic and economic adaptation of previously developed zonal farming systems.

scholarly journals Use of agroecological soil monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
S.V. Lukin ◽  
V.A. Chernikov
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The article analyzes the experience of using agroecological monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection in the Belgorod region. On the basis of data on soil acidity, design and estimate documentation for liming is developed. Materials on the content of soil organic matter are used in the design of measures to form a deficient balance of humus. Information on the availability of arable soils with mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium is necessary for calculating doses of mineral fertilizers. With low availability of mobile forms of sulphur and trace elements, recommendations are being developed for the use of fertilizers containing scarce elements. As a result of the implementation by agricultural producers of projects of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection, in 2015-2018, compared to 2010-2014, the use of mineral fertilizers increased by 14.4 kg/ha, organic - by 3.3 tons/ha, lime production - by 38.1 thousand ha/year. As a result, arable land productivity increased by 1.01 thousand feed units.

scholarly journals Reducing the negative impact of soil erosion in the Belgorod region through adaptive landscape farming system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Igor E. Soldat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Landscape System

In the Russian Federation, solving problems of land use, land relations, and land policy leave the basis for social, environmental, economic, and overall political stability of the state. The area of the Belgorod region is 2713.4 thousand hectares, including arable land - 1654.4 thousand hectares (61 %), pastures - 347.6 thousand hectares (12.8 %), hayfield - 68.1 thousand hectares (2.5 %), forests and other lands - 316.5 thousand hectares (22.7 %). The area of eroded soils is 53.6 % of the entire territory of the region. They include: slightly washed out soils - about 35 %, moderate washed out soils - about 13 %, strongly washed out soils - 5.6 %, and flushed - about 1 %. According to Belgorod agrarian scientific center of the RAS area of eroded lands in the Belgorod region has increased in the Western natural-agricultural zone - by 5.1 %, in the Central - by 8.4 % and in the South-East - by 9.1 % over the last 3040 years. Currently, the concept of adaptive landscape farming has been developed, which provides for comprehensive measures to prevent soil degradation and create environmentally sustainable agricultural landscapes. Adaptive landscape soil protection system of agriculture provides for expansion of perennial grasses up to 25 %, introduction of leguminous crops and annual grasses in crop rotations. With a reduction in the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in modern economic conditions, it is impossible to achieve a balance of humus acceptable for sustainable development of the studied agricultural landscape. System of agriculture adapted to local landscapes provides for introduction of the whole complex of soil conservation measures which can stop land degradation caused by soil erosion. Introduction of adaptive landscape system of agriculture in the pilot farm of the Belgorod agricultural research center allowed to minimize erosion processes, stabilize soil fertility, and significantly improve economic indicators and energy efficiency of agriculture in the economy. The area of arable land was slightly reduced, and the area of forest belts and soil protection crop rotations increased. The average yield of grain crops and sugar beets increased greatly, the use of organic and mineral fertilizers increased significantly, their payback improved, and the crop industry became profitable and cost-effective. Only through adaptive landscape agriculture it is possible to stop water erosion, create conditions for stabilizing and increasing soil fertility, ensure the biologization of agriculture and increase its economic efficiency. Ultimately, this will increase production of domestic agricultural products and increase Russias food security.

scholarly journals The role of the organic farming system in the development of society

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
S Kapov ◽  
A Kojukhov ◽  
A Orlyansky ◽  
A Petenev ◽  
P Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Dry Farming

The experience of the development and use of the system of dry farming in the Stavropol Territory is considered, the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of an adaptive-landscape farming system are identified. It is shown that the farming systems of the Stavropol Territory are in constant development, they function in conditions of the joint manifestation of water and wind erosion. As a result of degradation, a third of the arable land of the region is in the zone of erosion processes. The expediency of the development of a universal soil protection system of agriculture, aimed at protecting the soil from water and wind erosion, is substantiated.

scholarly journals Can Enhancing Efficiency Promote the Economic Viability of Smallholder Farmers? A Case of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4235
Author(s):  
Silvia Saravia-Matus ◽  
T. S. Amjath-Babu ◽  
Sreejith Aravindakshan ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Jimmy A. Saravia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Smallholder Farming

By developing meta-frontier efficiency and structural equation models, the paper examines whether farm economic viability is positively associated with technical efficiency in a highly food insecure context, such as that of rural Sierra Leone. The findings show that technical efficiency can be a sufficient but not necessary condition in determining economic viability of smallholder farming. It is possible to breach reproductive thresholds at the cost of reduced technical efficiency, when the crop diversification strategy of smallholders includes market-oriented high-value crops. This calls for a dual policy approach that addresses farmers’ internal needs for self-consumption (increasing efficiency of food crop production) while encouraging market-oriented cash crop production (diversification assisted through the reduction of associated transaction costs and the establishment of accessible commercialization channels of export related crops and/or high-value crops). The work also calls out for a move-up or move-out strategy for small holders to create viable farming systems in developing world.

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of the type of watershed on melt water runoff and soil losses on chernozem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Poluektov ◽  
◽  
G. T. Balakay ◽  
Ya. I. Kulaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Purpose: to establish the influence of the watershed form on the intensity of snowmelt water runoff and the bulk of eroded soil on the chernozems of Rostov region. Tasks: to analyze long-term (1970–2020) studies of surface runoff bulks, including various types (forms) of watersheds, from compacted and loose arable land; to establish patterns and to obtain the dependence of the bulk of washed soil on the runoff coefficient and the watershed form. Research methods are generally accepted; runoff sites were used on the slopes of Bolshoi Log in Aksai district Rostov region. The indicators of the erosion intensity which make it possible to judge the quantitative loss of soil volumes and bulk depending on the type of watershed, the volume of precipitation, the melt water runoff and other factors were studied. Results. It was found that the amount of soil washed off during melt water runoff varies within wide range, but in most cases does not exceed 3–10 t/ha. The erosion intensity most often coincides with the largest runoff layer, since in these cases it passes over the soil thawed from the surface. Soil washout is decreasing; in the period from 1970 to 1991, the average annual bulk of soil washed away from the fall plowed land was an average of 7.5 t/ha, and from winter wheat crops, 10.2 t/ha. In the next 20 years (1991–2009), soil losses from fall plows amounted to 4.6 t/ha, from winter crops – 6.8 t/ha, and in the last 10 years, respectively, 5.0 and 3.1 t/ha. Soil loss on the slope of the southern exposure was 0.65 from the northern one. In the rills of the northwestern exposure, the melt water runoff was 10–20 % higher than on the slopes between the rills; soil washout along the thalweg of rills reaches 40 % or more of the total bulk of washed out soil. Conclusions. These data, in combination with the conditions for the occurrence of the phenomena under consideration, are used for a scientifically grounded choice of a system of soil protection measures for an adaptive landscape farming system and their forecasting over time.

scholarly journals Response of Microbial Activities in Soil to Various Organic and Mineral Amendments as an Indicator of Soil Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
Jana Maková ◽  
Soňa Javoreková ◽  
Juraj Medo ◽  
Antonín Kintl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

The presented paper deals with the analysis of potential differences between organic waste compost (CBD), vermicompost (CVER) and mineral fertilizer (MF; 27% of N) applications affecting the quality of arable soil by influencing microbial activity therein. The selected types of compost represent alternatives to conventional organic fertilizers, which are, however, not available to Czech and Slovak farmers in sufficient amounts. Their mutual comparison and the comparison with organic fertilizers aim to provide farmers further information about their influence on arable land and thus to give them the possibility of deciding on the most suitable amendments. To demonstrate the effect of these amendments, six variants were prepared: one without the addition of fertilizers; two variants with the addition of 40 Mg/ha of CVER and CBD; one variant with the addition of double dosed CVER (80 Mg/ha), and the remaining two variants were fertilized only with MF (0.22 Mg/ha) and with the combination of CVER (0.20 Mg/ha) and MF (0.11 Mg/ha). Substrate induced respiration (SIR), basal respiration (BS), microbial carbon (Cmic) and enzymatic activities (hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate—FDA, dehydrogenase activity—DHA, and phosphatase activity—PA) were used to evaluate the effect of CBD, CVER and MF application on the soil quality. Both organic and mineral amendments affected BS and SIR. The highest BS and SIR rates were found in variants with compost application (CVER and CBD). All variants treated with the mineral fertilizer showed the lowest level of enzyme activities; lower by about 30% in comparison with variants where CVER, CBD and the combination of MF and CVER were applied. We found insignificant differences between the individual types of compost. More importantly, we compared the situation at the beginning of the experiment and after its end. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers automatically led to the deterioration of all enzymatic parameters, on average by more than 25%, as compared with the situation at the beginning of the experiment. However, when the mineral fertilizer dose was supplemented with organic amendments (CVER), this negative effect was eliminated or significantly reduced. Furthermore, both composts (CVER and CBD) positively affected plant biomass production, which reached a level of production enhanced by the MF. Results clearly showed that the application of both compost types could be used to improve soil quality in agriculture.

Phytomelioration of the south-eastern layer of the Great Caucasus, ruptured-broken mountain brown soils (on the example of the Shamakhinsky district)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Fərrux Cəlal oğlu Xəlilov ◽  
◽  
Fəridə Fərahim qızı Süleymanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Village

The article describes the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus - Shemakhan region, The results of field and laboratory analysis of soil samples taken from "less disturbed" and "moderately eroded" areas of pastures and pastures in the village of Gizmeidan were discussed, and accurate information on their physiccochemical characteristics was given. After studying the current state of the soil and vegetation of these territories, phyto-reclamation measures were carried out using perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers in the "moderately eroded" territories. Depending on the results of the various options, the farm was given appropriate recommendations. Therefore, it is very important to study ways to increase the productivity of arable land provided to legal entities and individuals using this territory, to provide them with scientific, scientific and methodological assistance in applying the necessary agrotechnical and phytomeliorative control measures. Key words:landscape, land, forest, degradation, erosion, climate, relief, anthropogenic factor, hashtag, fertilizer, pasture, humus, food elements, productivity

scholarly journals Why organic farming is not the way forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Environmental Consequences

The aim of this article is to provide information about crop production data based on large-scale organic farming and to point toward major consequences. National statistics show lower organic yields than compiled in meta-analyses from farm- and plot-scale. Yields of organically cropped legumes were 20% and nonlegumes 40% lower than those of conventionally grown crops. Area estimates showed that almost two of three crops were legumes or legume mixtures in organic farming, whereas one of three crops was a legume in conventional cropping. Doubling land use for legumes in organic farming affected the type of food produced, being dominated by milk products and red meat. Over all crops, the organic yield gap was 35%. Since yields are lower under organic than conventional practices, more land is required to produce the same amount of agricultural crops. A 35% yield gap means that 50% more arable land is required. A demand for 50% more farmland imposes huge land use changes and makes one realize the wide-ranging environmental consequences that follow when converting to organic farming. In a relevant comparison between organic and conventional cropping systems, environmental consequences caused by land use change such as lost products (timber, fiber, energy, etc.) and lost ecosystem services (sequestered carbon in soil, wildlife, biodiversity, etc.) must be included. The concept of organic farming was founded on philosophical views about nature, not biological science. Natural means and methods were assumed to be superior. Verification of the reasoning and statements of the founders on why to abandon mineral fertilizers cannot be corroborated by science and is incorrect. Scientific evidence for the concept to abandon synthetic mineral fertilizers as nutrients for crops is lacking. The scientific community is obliged to follow rigorous scientific criteria—not biased views, prejudices, or beliefs.

scholarly journals Quality of Pea Seeds and Agroecological Condition of Soil When Using Structured Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Victor Mazur ◽  
Oleksandr Tkachuk ◽  
Hanna Pantsyreva ◽  
Olga Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The widespread use of water in crop production and agriculture is due to a significant increase in yields during the watering of agricultural crops, as well as the transfer of pesticides and mineral fertilizers to plants and soil by water. One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in crop production is to structure it. An urgent task is to study the effect of structured water delivered to agricultural crops by watering or spraying on the yield, quality of the resulting products and agroecological condition of the soil. Field studies on pea crops were conducted at experimental sites of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, laboratory studies were conducted in accredited laboratories for monitoring the quality, safety of feed and raw materials of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the testing centre of the Vinnytsia branch of the state institution “Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine”. When watering peas with structured water, its yield increases by 42.3% compared to the version without water application and by 22.3% compared to the version with watering with plain water. Pea seeds when watered with structured water have a lower content of crude protein by 0.43 %, crude fat – by 0.09%, crude ash – by 0.63%, but a higher content of crude fibre by 0.11% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 0.99% compared to the version without water. The content of humus in the soil, when watered with structured water, was lower than in the version without water by 0.04%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 8.0%, mobile phosphorus – by 20.0%, exchangeable potassium – by 7.9%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.2 pH, hydrolytic acidity – by 21.7%, the concentration of mobile lead – by 18.4%. However, the concentration of mobile cadmium increased by 43.8% and soil moisture – by 4.3%. When comparing the indicators of the agroecological state of the soil, which was watered with structured and plain water, it was found that watering with structured water reduces the content of humus by 0.03%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 2.3%, mobile phosphorus – by 20%, exchange potassium – by 9.7%, hydrolytic acidity – by 7.7%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.3 pH, but increases the content of mobile lead by 10.9%, mobile cadmium – by 25.0% and increases the moisture content in the soil – by 2.7%

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document