RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE SOCIAL TEACHING OF THE PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Bohdan Gulyamov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Dignity ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual

The concept of human rights and the dignity of the individual, contained in the new social doctrine of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, proposes to recognize modern theories of human rights and their implementation in today's democracy as self-evident truths. These truths are quite legitimate in religious discourse, because the personal dignity of man as capable of mystical communion with God is absolute. The Orthodox Church presupposes that the dignity and freedom of the individual, his vocation and perfection are much higher than all the many values and norms offered by modern secular moral and legal consciousness, relevant international acts and constitutional norms. In the field of social doctrine, this leads to the requirement of absolute recognition of classical human rights and freedoms. No conclusions are drawn about the need to accept today's expanded interpretation of human rights, because the absolute dignity of the individual is not protected for the sake of approving ideas and practices that show signs of totalitarian coercion.

METHODOLOGY OF SOCIAL TEACHING OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Bogdan Gulyamov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Christian Humanism ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

Orthodox social doctrine as a discipline is formed without the elements of scholastic thinking that are characteristic of Catholicism. This is due to the fact that social doctrine in Orthodoxy is thought of as an expression of tradition, not the teaching of the church. Also, the methodology of the social doctrine of the Ecumenical Patriarchate was significantly influenced by the fact that the initial principle for all reflections was the value of the dignity of the individual. The absolutization of this value has made it possible to create a Christian humanism that opposes the ideological extremes of modern cultural wars, including the abuse of the idea of human rights. The ROC uses methodological anti-scholasticism in the construction of social doctrine to legitimize the ideas of Orthodox fundamentalism. Against this background, the social doctrine of the Ecumenical Patriarchate is becoming a worldview alternative, critical to the development of Ukrainian theology and education.

The Evolution of a European Perspective on Disability Legislation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Degener ◽  
Aart Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
Alternative Theories

AbstractIn this article a comparison is made between various disability theories and their impact on European disability and health legislation. The official disability theories focus on the individual with disabilities. Legislation that emanates from these medically inspired theories has been shown to be inaccurate and inadequate in finding appropriate solutions for disability issues. Alternative theories have developed in response. These theories emphasize the importance of the interrelationship between individuals and their environment. In parallel, new disability legislation and programmes have evolved that acknowledge the social and human rights aspects of disability issues. Up until now health lawyers have played a minor role in the disability debate. They are strongly invited to join the many ongoing discussions. It is felt that their input is particularly needed with respect to a number of issues presently at the forefront of medicine, ethics and law.

scholarly journals SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE ABOUT THE FAMILY

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Bogdan Gulyamov
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

The theory of family is at the heart of classic Christian social doctrine, since family exemplifies every sociality such as an ecclesial community, a work collective, a local community, a nation, humanity. Modern family crisis leads to the transformation of the social teaching when interpersonal relations become an example. In particular, relations between a husband and a wife in a family, relations between a person and God, relations within a monastic community, relations within an ecclesial Eucharistic community become a general ideal proposed for the secular sociality. In the ethics of family life, the social teaching of Constantinopolitan Patriarchate places special emphasis on the absolute dignity of the individual from the moment of conception to natural death. Large attention is paid to the protection of children from various menaces in the society, effective measures are suggested in order to avoid the crimes against children. The apology of all aspects of sexual life of a family is also provided, various biases with regard to women and marriage are condemned. Generally, the social teaching of Constantinopolitan Patriarchate on a family is the expression of ethics of Christian realism where the recognition of the absoluteness of certain values is joined with the readiness to understand and forgive human errors. In the doctrine of the family, social doctrine from the standpoint of communitarianism passes to the adoption of the principles of Christian personalism.

scholarly journals The social doctrine of the catholic church as a foundation for the emergence of the legal regulation in the area of social protection in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Shumylo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Catholic Church

The social doctrine of the Catholic Church is an indication of the active involvement of the Church in disseminating the ideas ofthe welfare state and it reflects its attempts to establish ideals of the welfare state through an external influence on the ideology of countriesthat belong to Christendom.Furthermore, one cannot ignore the fact that encyclicals had a direct or indirect influence on the adoption of the first social protectionacts in Catholic Europe where encyclicals played an important role.As a result, the Holy See aligned itself with the labour movement.Considering the fact that papal encyclicals covered the entire Catholic World, these documents can be viewed as an example ofinternational soft law.The first social rights, principles, and values in the area of social protection were enshrined in the encyclicals.Social rights belong to second-generation human rights the legal basis for which comprises international instruments adoptedafter the Second World War (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the European SocialCharter (Revised) (1965–1996), the European Code of Social Security (1964), meaning 50 years after these rights were enshrined inpapal encyclicals.There is an indisputable fact that has still not been discussed in scientific research on social protection and according to whichthe social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be viewed as an inherent part of the process of occurrence, formation, and developmentof social protection, and it can be regarded as an ideological framework, a source of social rights and principles of social protection.Considering the above-mentioned findings, the social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be defined as the body of legislationadopted by the Holy See regarding the status and development of social and labour rights, their place in a person’s life and in publiclife. Papal encyclicals form the basis of that legislation and they are addressed to believers, bishops, and archbishops.

scholarly journals Philosophical-religious analysis of social doctrines of Christian denominations

2003 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Oleksiy R. Tytarenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Teaching ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
Doctrine Of The Church ◽  
The Church

The main purpose of Christian social teaching is to form a person's Christian outlook, to provide the Christian with answers to the questions of the present and specific recommendations regarding the model of behavior in different situations in life. In its turn, social doctrine expresses a confessional perspective on the problems of modern life faced by believers. This view is formulated in special documents of denominations, the totality of which constitutes the "social doctrine of the Church"

scholarly journals Social doctrine of Islam

2004 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Ayder Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Many ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The main factors determining the dynamics of the social development of a country, in addition to economic and political, include spiritual components: religion, culture and national traditions. Among the many theoretical developments, a special place is occupied by the social doctrines of world religions: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism. According to such authoritative scholars as Sergiy Bulgakov, Max Weber and Ivan Ilyin, it is religious foundations that are the sources of social development of various types of civilizations, and, in the figurative expression of Karl Jaspers, their axial (pivotal) and most valuable characteristics around which the course of history unfolds

5 Combatants and Non-Combatants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipsen Knut
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Direct Part ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Many ◽  
Enemy Combatant ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines the regulation of combatant status in treaty law and the many challenges for combatant status in recent armed conflicts. The primary status under international law of persons in an international armed conflict will be one of two categories of persons: ‘combatants’ and ‘civilians’. Combatants may fight within the limits imposed by international law applicable in international armed conflict, that is, they may participate directly in hostilities, which members of medical or religious personnel and ‘non-combatants’ may not do because they are excluded—by international law and by a legal act of their party to the conflict—from the authorization to take a direct part in hostilities. The chapter then discusses ‘unlawful combatants’, or what may be considered the better term: ‘unprivileged belligerents’. The term ‘unlawful enemy combatant’ was particularly used after 11 September 2001, to introduce a third category of persons which under existing law may be either combatants or civilians, but are denied such status as not fulfilling essential conditions. To use this third category in order to reduce the individual protection below the minimum standard of human rights is under no circumstances legally acceptable.

Decline and Fall

Idi Amin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 276-309
Author(s):  
Mark Leopold
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Many

This chapter studies Idi Amin's downfall. It begins by detailing how the death of Anglican Archbishop Janani Luwum led to wide international condemnation and galvanised the many competing opposition groups among the exiles. Between February 28 and March 3, 1978, a closed session of the UN Commission on Human Rights finally agreed to launch a formal investigation of human rights abuses in Uganda. By the end of 1978, the Tanzanian army, with a considerably smaller number of Ugandan refugee fighters, had massed in force near the border. In January of 1979, they crossed into Uganda. The key factor in the Tanzanians' victory was the overall weakness of the Ugandan troops. The chapter then explains how Amin's regime had destroyed much of the social solidarity and national feeling which had just about held the country together in the face of ethnic rivalries under the first Obote administration. This became evident in the chaos that followed the Tanzanian invasion, and especially under Milton Obote's second regime. Finally, the chapter describes Amin's retirement and analyses how he survived in power for so long.

Life After Life: Bioarchaeology and Post-mortem Agency

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anxious Group

In the alternative fairy tale The Princess Bride, as William Goldman's character Miracle Max reanimates the apparent corpse of the hero Westley, he tells the anxious group observing the procedure: ‘There's a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive’ (Goldman 2007, 313). Only a select group of the dead can be characterized as being ‘slightly alive’, in the post-mortem agency sense, however, and the case studies presented here explore the many ways in which this subcategory of mostly dead individuals have engaged with and continue to impact the living in the past as well as today. Several themes emerge as especially salient: the iteration in the death-scape of the dynamic tension between the individual and the social group, which can result in transgression as well as conformity in the disposition of the body and its effects on the living; the symbolic capital represented by some dead bodies and the ways in which their potency may be affected by various forms of contextual association; and the ways in which the manipulation of the dead for political purposes is subject to constraints specific to the cultural contexts in which these interactions take place.

scholarly journals Emergence of the Individual as an International Juristic Entity: Enforcement of International Human Rights

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Norm ◽  
State Practice ◽  
International Rights ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual

In this article it is contended that state practice, as evidenced in the declarations of the judiciary and the many treaties and conventions guaranteeing human rights, reveals a consensus of opinion acknowledging the individual to be an international juristic entity. So extensive is this practice that it could be seen as marking the emergence of a new customary international norm; or at least a general principle of international law, yet to crystallise into a custom; acknowledging the individual as the beneficiary of international rights. This is important for individuals and minority groups because if they possess international rights independently of the State, enforcement of their rights will no longer depend on the interests of the State. Where the State is often the offender of human rights, international law will not effectively confer any real rights unless the individual is so recognised as an inter- national juristic entity.

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